Immigration has been a very important demographic factor in the composition, structure and history of human population in Brazil, with all its attending factors and consequences, such as culture, economy, education, racial issues, etc. Brazil has received the third largest number of immigrants in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States and Argentina. Map of countries by population Population growth showing projections for later this century Demography is the statistical study of human populations. ... For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Race (disambiguation). ... The geographical western hemisphere of Earth, highlighted in yellow. ...

Brief history

When Brazil was discovered as a new land in the New World by the Portuguese in 1500, its native population was composed of several million Amerindians living there for the last 15,000 to 20,000 years. During several decades afterwards, the country remained sparsely inhabited by Europeans, mainly Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutch and French explorers and sailors who jumped ship to live among the Indians. The Portuguese crown started to send exiles (who were called the degredados) permanently to Brazil as a punishment for crimes committed in Portugal, and these constituted the first forced immigrants to the new land. Economic development, however, and settlement of colonies, mainly along the coast and main rivers — such as the Amazon River system, the São Francisco river, the Paraná river and its tributaries such as the Tietê river in São Paulo — followed rapidly in the second half of the 16th century and in the two succeeding centuries. The overwhelming majority of immigrants were Portuguese. Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Native Americans redirects here. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ... See also explorations, sea explorers, astronaut, conquistador, travelogue, the History of Science and Technology and Biography. ... A sailor is a member of the crew of a ship or boat. ... Forced migration refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the river. ... The São Francisco River is a river in Brazil with a length of 3,160 kilometres. ... The sun rising over the Paraná River, from the north-east of Rosario, Argentina. ... The Tietê River spring, in Salesópolis The Tietê River (Portuguese: Rio Tietê) is a river in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. ... This article is about the city. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Another important instance of forced migration has been the Atlantic slave trade. Millions of Africans were hunted down, captured and transported to slavery in Brazil, for two centuries and half, adding to the demographic and racial composition of the country. The Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Slave redirects here. ...

This immigration profile of Brazil really started to change in the second half of the 19th century during the Empire era. Dom Pedro II, the ruling Brazilian monarch, was a learned and cosmopolitan man, who abhorred slavery (it was abolished by an imperial decree in 1888) and who thought that Brazil would only achieve progress by bringing in more European immigrants. He thus strongly encouraged immigration from Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Poland, Middle East, Russia and other regions and countries which were exporting lots of their own people to the New World from 1860 on, due to the accumulation of political and economic crises in Europe. At the same time, Brazil's economy, which was eminently agrarian at the time (coffee, cotton, tobacco, rubber and sugar cane being the main crops), needed able laborers once black slavery was ended. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Dom Pedro II (pron. ... Slave redirects here. ... For the toll-free telephone number see Toll-free telephone number Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A cup of coffee. ... Cotton ready for harvest. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in genus Nicotiana. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ...

Since the agriculture, industry and services sectors were developing quickly and strongly in the South and Southeast, these provinces (Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) received the brunt of European immigration. Italians and Germans went mostly to the South; while many Italians, Middle Easterners, Portuguese and Spaniards went to the Southeast. In a later wave, towards the beginning of the 20th century, Japan also became an important source of immigrants, who, in their majority, established themselves in São Paulo and Paraná. Flag of Rio de Janeiro See other Brazilian States Capital Rio de Janeiro Largest City Rio de Janeiro Area 43,696. ... Flag of Espírito Santo See other Brazilian States Capital Vitória Largest City Vila Velha Area 46,184 km² Population   - Total   - Density 3 097 232 58. ... Flag of São Paulo See other Brazilian States Capital São Paulo Largest City São Paulo City Area 248,176. ... Flag of Minas Gerais See other Brazilian States Capital Belo Horizonte Largest City Belo Horizonte Area 586,528. ... Flag of Paraná See other Brazilian States Capital Curitiba Largest City Curitiba Area 199,544 km² Population   - Total   - Density 9,150,000 48 inh. ... Flag of Santa Catarina See other Brazilian States Capital Florianópolis Largest City Joinville Area 95,442. ... Flag of Rio Grande do Sul See other Brazilian States Capital Porto Alegre Largest City Porto Alegre Area 282,062 km² Population   - Total   - Density 10. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...

Statistics

Brazil's receiving structure, legislation and settlement policies for immigrants were much less organized than in Canada and the United States at the time. Nevertheless, an Immigrant's Hostel (Hospedaria dos Imigrantes) was built in 1886 in São Paulo, and quick admittance and recording routines for the throngs of immigrants arriving by ship at the seaports of Vitória, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Paranaguá, Florianópolis and Porto Alegre were established. The São Paulo site alone processed more thar 2.5 million immigrants in its almost 100 years of continuous operation. People of more than 70 different nationalities were recorded. IBGE, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica), is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. ... Immigrantss Hostel of São Paulo, Brazil, where immigrants arrived (1886). ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Vitoria (disambiguation). ... Ipanema beach A NASA satellite image of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro (meaning River of January in Portuguese) is the name of both a state and a city in southeastern Brazil. ... Motto: Patriam Charitatem et Libertatem Docui (Latin: To the homeland I taught charity and liberty) Location in the state of São Paulo and Brazil Coordinates: , Country Brazil Region Southeast State São Paulo Settled 1546 Incorporated 1839 Government  - Mayor João Paulo Tavares Papa (PMDB) Area  - City 280. ... Paranaguá is a city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. ... Nickname: Location in Brazil Coordinates: , Country Region State Santa Catarina Founded March 23, 1726 Government  - Mayor Dario Elias Berger (PSDB) Area  - City 436. ... Nickname: Coordinates: , Country Brazil Region South State Rio Grande do Sul Government  - Mayor José Fogaça (PPS) Area  - City 496. ...

Current trends

After the First World War and during and after the Second World War three other waves of immigrants came to Brazil from Europe and Asia, in the wake of great disturbances caused by the wars. Jewish immigration became important. In the second half of the 20th century, immigration to Brazil was greatly reduced, in part because checks on entrance of foreigners became more rigid, but also because immigration pressures decreased as wealth and political and economic stability increased in those countries which contributed most. During the 1970's Brazil received a large number of Lebanese immigrants escaping the civil war, as well as a considerable number of Palestinians and Syrians. During the 1990s Brazil received small numbers of immigrants from the former republics of Yugoslavia, from Afghanistan and West Africa (mostly Angolans and Nigerians). Recent immigration is mainly constituted by Chinese and Koreans and, in a smaller degree, by Argentines and other Latin American immigrants. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in the Latin alphabet, Југославија in Cyrillic; English: South Slavia) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...

Consequences

As happened with several other countries in the Americas, such as the United States, which encouraged immigration from many countries, Brazil quickly became a melting pot of races and nationalities, probably the second largest in the world after the USA, but being peculiar in the sense of having the highest degree of intermarriage in the world. Immigrants found there a strong social and cultural tolerance toward inter-racial marriage, with large numbers of mulattoes (white/black), mestizos (Indian/white) and mixed European/African/Indian people. Correspondingly, this free disposition of Brazilians toward inter-racial and inter-ethnic reproduction, though it was not accompanied by an entire lack of racism, reflected in low psychological and social barriers to intermarriage between Europeans, Middle Easterners and Asians of several origins, as well as between people of different religions. World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ... It has been suggested that toleration be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Interethnic marriage be merged into this article or section. ... Mulatto (Spanish mulato, small mule, person of mixed race, mulatto, from mulo, mule, from Old Spanish, from Latin mūlus. ... Languages Predominantly Spanish, (with a minority of other languages), while Mestizos speaks Portuguese Religions Christianity (Predominantly Roman Catholic, with a minority of Protestant and other Religions) Related ethnic groups Other Spanish people, Italian people, French people, Portuguese people, Amerindian, African people, Austronesian people, Hispanics and Latinos Mestizo (Portuguese, Mestiço... Racism is a belief or concept that inherent differences between people, in particular those upon which the concept of race is based, significantly influence cultural or individual achievement, and may involve the idea that ones self-identified race or ethnic group or others race or ethnic group is superior. ... The traditional Middle East and the G8s Greater Middle East. ...

Another likely consequence of strong immigration from North and South Europeans and Asians was the development of a work ethic and education-based personal progress ethic which were, perhaps, lacking in the Brazilian ethos so far, as well as the importation of much needed skills acquired by these people in their countries of origin. As a result, distribution of wealth, economic resources and education has largely accrued to the states in the South and Southeast. Ethos (ἦθος) (plurals: ethe, ethea) is a Greek word originally meaning the place of living that can be translated into English in different ways. ...

Some cities, like Campinas, have more than 60% of their family surnames of Italian origin and Brazil is, with the USA, the country with the largest number of Italian descendants (more than 25 million), as well as Japanese, Germans and Jews. Some names of cities in the South, such as Joinville, Blumenau, etc., reflect its majority of German, Italian and other immigrants who, until the Second World War, preserved their language, education and customs in almost intact form. This policy resulted in the creation of vast areas where the main culture is not Portuguese in its origins, but is directly connected to the old country where these immigrants came from. Nickname: Motto: Labore virtute civitas floret(Latin) Labour and virtue make the city blossom Location of Campinas Country Brazil State São Paulo Government  - Mayor Hélio de Oliveira Santos (Democrat Labour Party (Brazil)) Area  - City 797. ... Joinville is a city in Santa Catarina State, Southern Region of Brazil. ... Nickname: Cidade Jardim (Garden City) Founded September 2, 1850 Government  - Mayor João Paulo Kleinübing Area  - City 510 km²  (196. ...

This is the case of the city of Prudentópolis and its surrounding areas with its overwhelming majority of Ukrainians, or cities like Treze Tílias where descendants of Austrians are a majority, or Nova Odessa (Russians), Santo Ângelo and Guarani das Missoes (Swedes and Russians), Holambra (Dutch), Maringá and Londrina (Japanese), Penedo (with its immigrants from Finland), etc. Dictator Getúlio Vargas, however, suppressed this during the war, out of fear of Axis spies and sabotage. Brazil may be also one of the very few countries to receive a large number of immigrants from the United States. Thousands of Americans from the south (including relatives of former president Jimmy Carter) fled to Brazil, after the American Civil War, and founded many cities, among them the important city of Americana. Treze Tílias (German: Dreizehnlinden) is a southern Brazilian city, in the state of Santa Catarina, settled by Austrian immigrants from Tirol. ... Nova Odessa (lit. ... The Cathedral Angelopolitana in Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul - the cathedral was built in the 1920s on the same spot as the Santo Ângelo reduction built by Jesuits and the Guarani in the 18th century - the Cathedral is modeled after the ancient São Miguel das Missões mission... Holambra is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. ... Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (pron. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other persons named Jimmy Carter, see Jimmy Carter (disambiguation). ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Americana is a city (município) located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. ...

See also

• Confederate soldiers in Brazil
• Culture of Brazil
• Demographics of Brazil
• History of Brazil
• List of Brazilians
• Brazilian diaspora
• Italian-Brazilians
• German-Brazilians
• Portuguese-Brazilians
• Japanese-Brazilians
• History of the Jews in Brazil
• Spanish Brazilian
• Arab Brazilian
• Polish Brazilian
• Lithuanians in Brazil
• Czech Brazilian
• Asian Brazilian
• Korean-Brazilian
• Chinese Brazilian
• Hungarian-Brazilian
• Ukrainian-Brazilian
• Russian Brazilian
• Swedish Brazilian
• English Brazilian
• Taiwanese Brazilian
• Indian Brazilian
• French Brazilian
• Irish Brazilian
• Dutch Brazilian
• Greeks in Brazil
• Armenians in Brazil

The Confederados are a cultural sub-group in the nation of Brazil. ... Brazilian culture is a Latin American culture of a very diverse nature. ... // Brazil has conducted a periodical population census since 1872. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This is a list of well known Brazilians (by nationality or citizenship), ordered alphabetically within categories: // Main article: List of Brazilian actors Ana Paula Arósio (1975-), actress Antônio Fagundes (1949-), actor Bruno Campos, actor Bibi Ferreira, actress Bruna Lombardi, actress Daniel Benzali, actor Daniele Suzuki, actress Dercy Gon... The Brazilian diaspora refers to the migration of Brazilians to other countries, a fairly recent phenomenon that has been driven mainly by economic problems that have afflicted Brazil since the 1980s. ... Italo-Brazilian or Italian-Brazilian (Italian: italo-brasiliano, Portuguese: ítalo-brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian ancestry. ... ... Portuguese-Brazilian (Portuguese: luso-brasileiro) is a Portuguese-born person with Brazilian citizenship or a Brazilian-born person of Portuguese ancestry. ... A Japanese-Brazilian is an ethnically Japanese person born in Brazil. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Spanish-Brazilian (Spanish: hispanobrasileño, Portuguese: hispano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full or partly Spanish ancestry, or a Spanish-born person residing in Brazil. ... An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Arab descent, sometimes including other non-Arabic Middle Eastern peoples. ... A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Polish descent, or a Polish-born person with Brazilian citizenship. ... The first Lithuanian to set foot on Brazilian soil, according to a record dated in 1866, was a certain colonel Andrius ViÅ¡teliauskas. ... Czech Brazilians refer to Brazilians of Czech descent who were born in or who trace their ancestry to the territory of the historic Czech lands or succession states, now known as the Czech Republic, and are residents and/or citizens of Brazil. ... Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Asian descent. ... Languages Korean speakers: 72 million Religions Nonreligious, Buddhist, Christian, Shamanism, Chondogyo(indigenous), Confucian, Taoist, other The Korean people are an East Asian ethnic group [1]. Most Koreans live in the Korean Peninsula and speak the Korean language. ... Chinese Brazilians (Portuguese: sino-brasileiro or chinês-brasileiro) are people of Chinese ancestry who were born in or have immigrated to Brazil. ... Hungarian may refer to: Hungary or the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Ukrainians (Ukrainian: Українці, Ukrayintsi) are an East Slavic ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly- citizens of Ukraine (who may or may not be ethnic Ukrainians). ...

External links

• (Portuguese) Hospedaria dos Imigrantes. São Paulo