Main article: Israel
History of Israel
Zionism   Zionism timeline
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Herzl  · Sykes-Picot
Balfour Declaration  · Mandate
1947 UN Partition Plan
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Land of Israel
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Jerusalem  · Tel Aviv · Haifa
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Science & Tech.  · Companies
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Judaism  · Israeli Arabs  · Kibbutz
Music  · Archaeology
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Law of Return  · Halakha
Foreign relations  · UN
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Defense Forces (Nuclear)
Mossad  · Shin Bet  · Aman
Sayeret  · YAMAM  · Magav  · Police
Arab-Israeli conflict
1948 War  · 1949 Armistice
1956 War  · 1967 War
1970 War  · 1973 War
1978 War  · 1982 War
Arab League  · Camp David
Treaties with: Egypt / Jordan
Peace camp  · Peace proposals
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Israeli-Palestinian timeline
First Intifada  · Second Intifada
Unilateral Disengagement
The Peace Process

Main article: State of Israel.

Immigration to Palestine and Israel describes the history of Jewish immigration (Hebrew: Aliyah) to Palestine and later Israel since the rise of political Zionism. Large Flag of Israel File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Main article: Israel. ... For other meanings, please see Zionism (disambiguation) Zionism is a Jewish political movement, developed in response to 19th century anti-Semitism, which maintains that the Jewish people are entitled to a national homeland in the land of Zion (a synecdoche for the Land of Israel, also known as the region... Timeline of Zionism in the modern era: 1861 - The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany. ... Theodor Herzl, in his middle age. ... The Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 was a secret understanding between the governments of Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post-World War I influence and control in the Middle East and remains much of the common border between Syria and Iraq. ... The Balfour Declaration was a letter dated November 2, 1917 from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour, to Lord Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation, a private Zionist organization. ... Map of the territory under the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Map showing the UN Partition Plan. ... Yom Haatzmaut (יום העצמאות yom hā-‘aá¹£mā’ūṯ), Israeli Independence Day, commemorates the declaration of independence of Israel in 1948. ... The Land of Israel (Hebrew: ארץ ישראל Eretz Yisrael) is the land that made up the ancient Jewish Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. ... There are six main districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (singular: mehoz) and thirteen sub-districts known as nafot (singular: nafa). ... Cities in Israel, by district: // Northern District See also North District of Israel. ... Jerusalem (31°46′ N 35°14′ E; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushalayim; Arabic: القدس al-Quds; see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... For the Lebanese singer, see Haifa Wehbe Haifa (Hebrew חֵיפָה Ḥefa, Ḥeyfa; Arabic حَيْفَا Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel, with a population close to 300,000. ... Israeli contributions to science and technology have been significant, even strangely out of proportion for a country of roughly six million with continuous security challenges. ... . The top 10 Israeli companies by sales are: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. ... There are eight official universities in Israel, listed below (followed by their English acronym, if commonly used): Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI) Tel-Aviv University (TAU) University of Haifa Bar-Ilan University (BIU) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Weizmann Institute of Science Open... This is a list of prominent Israelis (including Arab citizens of Israel). ... This article discusses the demographics of Israel. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The great majority of citizens in the State of Israel are Jewish; the great majority of Israeli Jews practice Judaism as their religion. ... Israeli Arabs are Arabs who remained inside the borders of what would become Israel, when many either fled or were expelled from the area (see Nakba) during and immediately after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ... Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Palestinians (see Palestinian music) and Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. ... The archaeology of Israel is a national passion that also attracts considerable international interest on account of the regions Biblical links. ... Israeli literature is literature of the nation of Israel. ... This is a list of prominent Israelis (including Arab citizens of Israel). ... Basic Laws of Israel function as Israels uncodified constitution. The State of Israel has no formal constitution. ... Politics of Israel comprises of several interwoven components: // Laws Israels governmental system is based on several basic laws enacted by its unicameral parliament, the Knesset. ... Political parties in Israel: Israel has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. ... Elections in Israel gives information on election and election results in Israel. ... The Knesset (כנסת, Hebrew for assembly) is the Parliament of Israel. ... The Prime Minister of Israel is the elected head of the Israeli government. ... President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel, but has a largely ceremonial, figurehead role with real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel. ... The Law of Return (Khok ha-Shvut) is Israeli legislation that allows Jews to settle in Israel and gain citizenship. ... Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish rabbinic law, custom and tradition. ... Foreign relations of Israel deals with some of the following issues: In addition to seeking an end to hostilities with Arab forces, against which it has fought five wars since 1948, Israel has given high priority to gaining wide acceptance as a sovereign state with an important international role. ... Israel and the United Nations have had very mixed relations, since the states founding on May 14, 1948. ... The Israel Security Forces (ISF) are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ×”×”×’× ×” לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces, comprising the Israel army, Israel air force and Israel navy. ... Israel is very widely believed to possess a substantial arsenal of nuclear weapons and intermediate-range ballistic missiles to deliver them. ... Official seal of the Mossad Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... Shabak emblem Defender who shall not be seen The Shabak (in Hebrew, שבכ Shabak an acronym of Sherut ha-Bitachon ha-Klali שירות ביטחון כללי) known abroad as the Shin Bet or the GSS (General Security Service), is the Internal General Security Service of Israel. ... Aman badge Aman (אמן) is the Hebrew abbreviation for the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) Directorate of Military Intelligence (אגף מודיעין), Israels central, overarching military inteligence. ... Sayeret (Hebrew סיירת, pl. ... The YAMAM ( יממ ) is the elite civilian counter-terrorism unit of Israel. ... MAGAV (in Hebrew מגב ) is an acronym for Mishmar Ha-Gvul ( מישמר הגבול ), which in Hebrew means Frontier Guard. MAGAV is the combat branch of the Israeli Police and its composed from professional officers on payroll and field policemen redirected from the IDF (men at the age of 18... Israel and the Arab League states The Arab-Israeli conflict is a long-running conflict in the Middle East regarding the existence of the state of Israel and its relations with Arab states and with the Palestinian population (see Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... // The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) by Israelis and al Nakba (Arabic: النكبة, the catastrophe) by Arabs, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ... HMS Eagle, Bulwark, and Albion of the British Royal Navy. ... The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים transliteration: Milhemet Sheshet Hayamim), also known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Six Days War, or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... // The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ... The Yom Kippur War (Hebrew: מלחמת יום הכיפורים; transliterated: Milhemet Yom HaKipurim; Arabic: حرب أكتوبر; transliterated: Harb October or حرب تشرين transliterated: Harb Tishrin), also known as the October War, the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, and the Ramadan War, was fought from October 6 (the day of Yom Kippur) to October 24, 1973, between Israel and a... Operation Litani was the official name of the Israel Defense Forces 1978 invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani river. ... The 1982 Invasion of Lebanon, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (Shlom HaGalil in Hebrew), began June 6, 1982, when the Israel Defence Force invaded southern Lebanon purportedly in response to the Abu Nidal organizations assassination attempt against Israels ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, and to halt... From the time it was established in March 1945, the Arab League took an active role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Anwar Sadat (left), Jimmy Carter (center), and Menachem Begin (right) shake hands in celebration of the success of the Camp David Accords The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at... The Israeli peace camp is a collection of political and non-political movements which desire to promote peace, mainly with the Arab neighbours of Israel (the Palestinians, Syria and Lebanon) and encourage co-existence with the Arab citizens of Israel. ... Geneva Accord October 20, 2003 Road Map for Peace April 30, 2003 The Peoples Voice July 27, 2002 Elon Peace Plan 2002 ... Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip are at the center of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... This is a incomplete timeline of events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The wreckage of a commuter bus in West Jerusalem after a suicide bombing on Tuesday, 18 June 2002. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות (the official name) or תוכנית ההנתקות), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Gaza Expulsion plan (by its opponents) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to remove all permanent Israeli... The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by 6 million people mainly in Israel, parts of the Palestinian territories, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world. ... This article deals with the concept of Jewish immigration to Israel. ... Palestine (Latin: Syria Palæstina; Hebrew: פלשתינה Palestina, ארץ־ישראל Eretz Yisrael; Arabic: فلسطين Filasá¹­Ä«n) is the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River, plus various adjoining lands to the east. ... For other meanings, please see Zionism (disambiguation) Zionism is a Jewish political movement, developed in response to 19th century anti-Semitism, which maintains that the Jewish people are entitled to a national homeland in the land of Zion (a synecdoche for the Land of Israel, also known as the region...

First Aliyah (1882-1903)

Between 1882 and 1903, approximately 35,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine, then a province of the Ottoman Empire. The majority, belonging to the Hovevei Zion and Bilu movements, came from Eastern Europe with a smaller number arriving from Yemen. Many established agricultural communities (see kibbutz and moshav). The farmer cooperatives faced serious difficulties due in part to the lack of agricultural experience. Among the towns that these individuals established are Rishon Lezion, Rosh Pina, and Zikhron Ya'aqov. In 1882, the Yemenite Jews established a new suburb of Jerusalem called the Yemenite Village in Silwan located east of the walls of the Old City on the slopes of the Mount of Olives. 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (Ottoman Turkish for the Eternal State) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Constantinople (Ä°stanbul) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 6. ... Hovevei Zion (transliterated Hebrew, alternatively Hibbat Zion; English translation: Lovers of Zion) organizations are considered the forerunner and foundation of the modern Zionist movement. ... Bilu (Hebrew acronym בילו; based on a verse from the Book of Isaiah (2:5) בית יעקב לכו ונלכה Beit Yaakov Lekhu Ve-nelkha (House of Jacob, let us go [up]) was a group of Jewish idealists aspiring to settle in the Land of Israel with the political purpose to establish Jewish National Homeland... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange) and other former communist regimes (light orange). ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ... Moshav (plural as mashavim)is a type of collective agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the labour Zionists during the second aliyah (wave of Jewish immigration during the 19th Century) The moshavs are similar to kibbutzim with an emphasis on community labour and were designed as part of the... Rishon Le Zion in 2002 Rishon LeZion, or Rishon LeZiyyon (ראשון לציון) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, in the Center District of Israel, just south of Tel Aviv, and part of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area (Gush Dan). ... Rosh Pina is a town in northern Israel first settled by Romanian Jews in 1882. ... Zikhron Yaaqov (זכרון יעקב; unofficially also spelled Zichron Yaakov) is a city in Israel, near Haifa, part of the Haifa District. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew Têmān), a nation on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ... Jerusalem (31°46′ N 35°14′ E; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushalayim; Arabic: القدس al-Quds; see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ... Mount of Olives, with added artistic effects The Mount of Olives (also Mount Olivet, Hebrew: Har HaZeitim הר הזיתים, sometimes Jebel et-Tur, Mount of the Summit, or Jebel ez-Zeitun, Mount of Olives) is a mountain ridge to the east of Jerusalem. ...

Approximately half of the 35,000 left by the end of the period.

Second Aliyah (1904-1914)

Between 1904 and 1914, 40,000 Jews immigrated mainly from Russia to Palestine following pogroms and outbreaks of anti-semitism in that country. This group, many of whom were infused with socialist ideals, established the first kibbutz, Degania, in 1909 and formed self defense organizations, such as Hashomer, to counter increasing Arab hostility and theft of property. The suburb of Jaffa, Ahuzat Bayit, established at this time, grew into the city of Tel Aviv. During this period, some of the underpinnings of an independent nation-state arose: The national language Hebrew was revived; newspapers and liturature written in Hebrew published; political parties and workers organizations were established. The First World War effectively ended the period of the Second Aliyah. 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... A pogrom (from Russian: погром, meaning wreaking of havoc) is a massive violent attack on a particular ethnic or religious group with simultaneous destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers). ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective community. ... Degania, the mother of kvutzot (small kibbutzim) in the 1930s. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Hashomer Hatzair (alt. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ʻarab) are an originally Arabian ethnicity widespread in the Middle East and North Africa. ... Jaffa (Hebrew יָפוֹ, Standard Hebrew Yafo, Tiberian Hebrew Yāp̄ô; Arabic يَافَا Yāfā; also Japho, Joppa), is an ancient city located in Israel. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by 6 million people mainly in Israel, parts of the Palestinian territories, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...

Approximately half of the 40,000 left by the end of the period.

Third Aliyah (1919-1923)

Between 1919 and 1923, 40,000 Jews, mainly from Eastern Europe arrived in the wake of: The First World War; the British conquest of Palestine; the establishment of the Mandate; and the Balfour Declaration. Many of these were pioneers, known as halutzim, trained in argriculture and capable of establishing self sustaining economies. In spite of immigration quotas established by the British administration, the population of Jews reached 90,000 by the end of this period. The Jezreel Valley and the Hefer Plain marshes were drained and converted to agricultural use. Additional national institutions arose: The Histadrut (General Labor Federation); an elected assembly; national council; and the Haganah. 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange) and other former communist regimes (light orange). ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... Sinai and Palestine Campaign during World War I: Sinai campaign Battle of Romani Battle of Magdhaba Battle of Rafa Palestine campaign First Battle of Gaza Second Battle of Gaza Third Battle of Gaza Battle of Beersheba Battle of Megiddo Categories: Battles of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign ... Map of the territory under the British Mandate of Palestine. ... The name Balfour Declaration is applied to two key British government policy statements associated with Conservative statesman Arthur Balfour. ... Settlers are people who have travelled of their own choice, from the land of their birth to live in new lands or colonies. ... The Jezreel Valley is a large plain and inland valley in the north of Israel. ... The Histadrut (HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim BEretz Yisrael or ההסתדרות הכללית של העובדים בארץ ישראל General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel) is the Israeli trade union congress. ... The Haganah (Hebrew: Defense, ×”×’× ×”) was a Jewish paramilitary organization in Palestine during the British mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. ...

Few of these individuals left the country.

Fourth Aliyah (1924-1929)

First Aliyah: Biluim wearing traditional Arab headdress, the keffiyeh.

Between 1924 and 1929, 82,000 Jews arrived, many as a result of anti-semitism in Poland and the immigration quotas of the United States that kept Jews out. This group contained many middle class families that moved to the growing towns, establishing small businesses and light industry. First aliyah. ... First aliyah. ... Main article: State of Israel. ... Bilu (Hebrew acronym בילו; based on a verse from the Book of Isaiah (2:5) בית יעקב לכו ונלכה Beit Yaakov Lekhu Ve-nelkha (House of Jacob, let us go [up]) was a group of Jewish idealists aspiring to settle in the Land of Israel with the political purpose to establish Jewish National Homeland... Categories: Stub | Clothing | Headgear ... 1924 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Of these approximately 23,000 left the country.

Fifth Aliyah (1929-1939)

Between 1929 and 1939, with the rise of Nazism in Germany, a new wave of 250,000 immigrants arrived, the majority of these, 174,000, arrived between 1933-1936, after which increasing restrictions on immigration by the British made immigration clandestine and illegal, called Aliyah Bet. The Fifth Aliyah was again driven mostly from Eastern Europe as well as professionals, doctors, lawyers and professors, from Germany. With the completion of the port at Haifa and its oil refineries, significant industry was added to the predominantly agricultural economy. The Jewish population reached 450,000 by 1940. 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... For the Lebanese singer, see Haifa Wehbe Haifa (Hebrew חֵיפָה Ḥefa, Ḥeyfa; Arabic حَيْفَا Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel, with a population close to 300,000. ... View of the Shell/Valero Martinez oil refinery An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into useful petroleum products. ...

At the same time, tensions between Arabs and Jews grew during this period, leading to a series of Arab riots against the Jews in 1929 that left many dead and resulted in the depopulation of the Jewish community in Hebron. This was followed by more violence during the "Great Uprising" of 1936-1939. In response to Arab pressure, the British issued the White Paper of 1939, which severely restricted Jewish immigration to 75,000 people for five years, just as the Second World War was about to begin. In the summer of 1929, a long-running dispute between Muslims and Jews over access to the Western Wall in Jerusalem became steadily more violent, erupting in a week of riots in late August. ... A recent view of the old city of Hebron Hebron (Arabic الخليل al-Ḫalīl; Hebrew חֶבְרוֹן, Standard Hebrew Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥeḇrôn: derived from the word friend) is a town in the southern West Bank (in an area known in Israel as Judea) of around 100,000 Palestinians and... The Great Uprising, or Great Revolt, was a violent rebellion by Arabs in the British Mandate of Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ... The White Paper of 1939, also known as the MacDonald White Paper after Malcolm MacDonald, the British Colonial Secretary who presided over it, was a policy paper issued by the British government in which the idea of partitioning the British Mandate of Palestine was abandoned in favour of Jews and... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Aliyah Bet: Illegal immigration (1933-1948)

Jewish immigration 1945-1947

The British government limited Jewish immigration to Palestine with quotas, and following the rise of Nazism to power in Germany, illegal immigration to Palestine commenced. The illegal immigration was known as Aliyah Bet ("secondary immigration"), or Ha'apalah, and was organized by a Zionist institution which later became the Mossad, as well as by the Irgun. Immigration was done mainly by sea, and to a lesser extent overland through Iraq and Syria. Beginning in 1939 Jewish immigration was further restricted, limiting it to 75,000 individuals for a period of five years after which immigration was to end completely. The British made it illegal to sell land to Jews in 95% of the Mandate. During World War II and the years that followed until independence, Aliyah Bet became the main form of Jewish immigration to Palestine. Following the war, Berihah ("flight"), an organization of former partisans and Warsaw Ghetto fighters was primarily responsible for smuggling Jews from Poland and Eastern Europe to the Italian ports from which they travelled to Palestine. Image File history File links Illegal immigration to Israel after WW II, from the United States Holocaust Museum. ... Image File history File links Illegal immigration to Israel after WW II, from the United States Holocaust Museum. ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... Official seal of the Mossad Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... Irgun poster showing their view of the Land of Israel Irgun (ארגון), shorthand for Irgun Tsvai Leumi (ארגון צבאי לאומי, also spelled Irgun Zvai Leumi), Hebrew for National Military Organization, was a militant Zionist group that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1931 to 1948. ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was by far the bloodiest and most expensive war in history, estimated... Berihah (literally flight in Hebrew) was the organized effort to help Jews escape post-Holocaust Europe for the British Mandate of Palestine. ...

Despite British efforts to curb the illegal immigration, during the 14 years of its operation, 110,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine.

Immigration from 1948-1950

Immigration immediately after the establishment of Israel.

After Aliyah Bet, the process of numbering or naming individual Aliyahs ceased, but immigration did not. A major wave of immigration of over half a million Jews came to Israel between 1948 and 1950, many fleeing renewed persecution in Eastern Europe, and increasingly hostile Arab countries. Image File history File links Immigration to Israel from 1948-1950, from the United States Holocaust Museum. ... Image File history File links Immigration to Israel from 1948-1950, from the United States Holocaust Museum. ...

Middle Eastern Jews

See main article: Immigration to Israel from Arab lands.

Yemenite Jews on their way to Israel

In the course of Operation Magic Carpet (1949-1950), the entire community of Yemenite Jews (about 49,000) emigrated to Israel. Most of them had never seen an airplane before, but they believed in the Biblical prophecy that according to the Book of Isaiah (40:31), God promised to return the children of Israel to Zion on "wings". History of Jews in Arab lands Jews lived in what are now Arab and Muslim states since the times of the Babylonian captivity (597 BCE), about 2,600 years ago. ... In the course of the operation Magic Carpet (1949-1950), the entire community of Yemenite Jews (called Teimanim, about 49,000) immigrated to Israel. ... In the course of the operation Magic Carpet (1949-1950), the entire community of Yemenite Jews (called Teimanim, about 49,000) immigrated to Israel. ... Operation Magic Carpet was the post-World War II effort by the United States Navy to bring troops home from Europe and the Pacific. ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew Têmān), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ... Isaiah (Hebrew ישׁעיהו Yeshayahu or Yəša‘ăyāhû) is a book of the Jewish Hebrew Bible as well as the Christian Old Testament, containing prophecies attributed to Isaiah. ... The term God is capitalized in the English language as a proper noun when used to refer to a Supreme Being. ... The Children of Israel (Hebrew: בני ישראל Bnai Yisrael or Bnei Yisrael or Bnei Yisroel or Bene Israel;) (Arabic: بني إسرائيل) is a Biblical term for the Israelites. ... Zion or Tzion (צִיּוֹן Height, Standard Hebrew Ẓiyyon, Tiberian Hebrew Ṣiyyôn; Arabic صهيون Ṣuhyūn) originally was the specific name given to a Jebusite fortress near modern-day Jerusalem that was conquered by David. ...

In 1952, Jews in Israeli settlement camps

Huge numbers of Jewish refugees were temporarily settled in "cities of tents" called Ma'abarot (plural). Their population was gradually absorbed into Israeli society. The Ma'abarot existed until 1958. Huge numbers of Jewish refugees were temporary settled in cities of tents called Maabarot (pl. ... Huge numbers of Jewish refugees were temporary settled in cities of tents called Maabarot (pl. ...

Many Israeli immigrants were Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews who left Arab countries to move to Israel. In some cases they had been persecuted in those countries. 114,000 Jews came from Iraq in 1951 in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ... Mizrachi is also an organisation of the Religious Zionist Movement Mizrahi Jews or Oriental Jews (מזרחי eastern, Standard Hebrew Mizraḥi, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥî; plural מזרחים easterners, Standard Hebrew Mizraḥim, Tiberian Hebrew Mizrāḥîm) are Jews of Middle Eastern origin; that is to say, their ancestors never left the Middle East. ...

Over 30,000 Iranian Jews immigrated to Israel following the Islamic Revolution. Most Iranian Jews, however, settled in the United States (especially Los Angeles, CA). Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... This article is about the largest city in California. ...

Ethiopian Aliyah

The massive airlift known as Operation Moses begins to bring Ethiopian Jews to Israel on November 18th and ends on January 5th, 1985. During those six weeks, some 6,500 Ethiopian Jews are flown from Sudan to Israel. An estimated 2,000-4,000 Jews die en route to Sudan or in Sudanese refugee camps. Operation Moses was an IDF military operation named after biblical figure Moses. ...

In 1991, Operation Solomon was launched to rescue the Beta Israel Jews of Ethiopia. In one day, June 25th, 36 aircraft landed at Addis Ababa and brought 14,000 Jews from Ethiopia to Israel. 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Beta Israel (or House of Israel), known by outsiders by the term Falasha or Falash Mura (exiles or strangers), a term which they consider to be pejorative, are Jews of Ethiopian origin. ... Addis Ababa as seen from space. ...

See also: Ethiopian Jews The Beta Israel (or House of Israel), known by outsiders by the pejorative term Falasha or Falash Mura (exiles or strangers) are Jews of Ethiopian origin. ...

Russian Aliyah

See The collapse of the Soviet Union and Jewish emigration to Israel and Jackson-Vanik amendment. // Early History Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the fourth century showing that there were Armenian cities possessing Jewish populations ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 along with substantial Jewish settlements in the Crimea. ... According to the 1974 Trade act, the Jackson-Vanik amendment, named for its major co-sponsors, Sen. ...

Other religious and ethnic groups

Boat people refugees arrive in Israel.

As a token of help, on June 26, 1977 Israel offered asylum to 66 Vietnamese Boat people and more recently, to some Kurds, Albanians and Bosnians. As a token of help, on June 26, 1977 Israel offered asylum to 66 Vietnamese Boat people. ... As a token of help, on June 26, 1977 Israel offered asylum to 66 Vietnamese Boat people. ... Boat people is a term (usually) referring to impoverished illegal immigrants or asylum seekers who arrive en masse in old or crudely made boats. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ...