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Encyclopedia > Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 D84.9
ICD-9 279.3
DiseasesDB 21506
MeSH D007153

In medicine, immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases of immunodeficiency are acquired ("secondary") but some people are born with defects in the immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. A person who has an immunodeficiency of any kind is said to be immunocompromised. An immunocompromised person may be particularly vulnerable to opportunistic infections, in addition to normal infections that could effect everyone. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // C00-D48 - Neoplasms (C00-C14) Malignant neoplasms, lip, oral cavity and pharynx (C00) Malignant neoplasm of lip (C01) Malignant neoplasm of base of tongue (C02) Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue (C03) Malignant neoplasm of gum (C04) Malignant neoplasm of floor of mouth (C05) Malignant neoplasm of... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ... This false-colored electron micrograph shows a malaria sporozoite migrating through the midgut epithelia. ... Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the bodys immune system is missing or does not function properly. ... Opportunistic infections are infections caused by organisms and usually do not cause disease in a person with a healthy immune system, but can affect people with a poorly functioning or suppressed immune system. ...


Primary immunodeficiency

Main article: Primary immunodeficiency

A number of rare diseases feature a heightened susceptibility to infections from childhood onward. Many of these disorders are hereditary and are autosomal recessive or X-linked. There are over 80 recognised primary immunodeficiency syndromes; they are generally grouped by the part of the immune system that is malfunctioning, such as lymphocytes or granulocytes.[1] Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the bodys immune system is missing or does not function properly. ... A rare disease (sometimes known as an orphan disease) has such a low prevalence in a population that a doctor in a busy general practice would not expect to see more than one case a year. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... A genetic disorder is a disease caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. ... In genetics, the term recessive gene refers to an allele that causes a phenotype (visible or detectable characteristic) that is only seen in a homozygous genotype (an organism that has two copies of the same allele). ... It has been suggested that sex chromosome be merged into this article or section. ... A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a single human lymphocyte. ... Eosinophil granulocyte Basophil granulocyte Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterised by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. ...


The treatment of primary immunodeficiencies depends on the nature of the defect, and may involve antibody infusions, long-term antibiotics and (in certain cases) stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), of cells either derived from the bone marrow or peripheral blood, colloquially known as bone marrow transplantation is a medical procedure in the field of hematology and oncology that involves transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). ...


Acquired immunodeficiency

Immune deficiency may also be the result of particular external processes or diseases; the resultant state is called "secondary" or "acquired" immunodeficiency. Common causes for secondary immunodeficiency are malnutrition, aging and particular medications (e.g. chemotherapy, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplants, glucocorticoids). Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ... Ageing or aging is the process of getting older. ... Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ... Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs is a category of drugs used in many autoimmune diseases to slow down disease progression. ... For a list of immunosuppressive drugs, see the transplant rejection page. ... “Transplant” redirects here. ... Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. ...


Many specific diseases directly or indirectly impair the immune system. This include many types of cancer, particularly those of the bone marrow and blood cells (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), and certain chronic infections. Immunodeficiency is also the hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV directly attacks the immune system. Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Leukemia or leukaemia(Greek leukos λευκός, “white”; aima αίμα, “blood”) (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahlers disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of cancer of plasma cells which are immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ...


References

  1. ^ Rosen FS, Cooper MD, Wedgwood RJ (1995). "The primary immunodeficiencies". N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (7): 431–40. PMID 7616993. 
v • d • e
Immune system / Immunology
Systems Adaptive immune system vs. Innate immune system • Humoral immune system vs. Cellular immune system • Complement system (Anaphylatoxins)
Antibodies and antigens Antibody (Monoclonal antibodies, Polyclonal antibodies, Autoantibody) • Allotype • Isotype • Idiotype • Antigen (Superantigen)
Immune cells White blood cells (T cell, B cell, NK cell, Mast cell, Basophil, Eosinophil) • Phagocyte (Neutrophil, Macrophage, Dendritic cell) • Antigen-presenting cell • Reticuloendothelial system
Immunity vs. tolerance Immunity • Autoimmunity • Allergy • Tolerance (Central) • Immunodeficiency
Immunogenetics Somatic hypermutation • V(D)J recombination • Immunoglobulin class switching • MHC / HLA
Other Cytokines • Inflammation • Opsonin
v • d • e
Pathology: Immune disorders (primarily D80-D89, 273, 279)
Antibody defects X-linked agammaglobulinemia - Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
Combined immunodeficiencies Severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) - Adenosine deaminase deficiency - Nezelof syndrome - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency - Bare lymphocyte syndrome
Other Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - DiGeorge syndrome - Hyper-IgE syndrome - Common variable immunodeficiency - Complement deficiency (Angioedema) - Sarcoidosis - Hypergammaglobulinemia - Cryoglobulinemia - Paraproteinemia - Immunodeficiency/Primary immunodeficiency
Autoimmunity see list of autoimmune diseases

  Results from FactBites:
 
Immunodeficiency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (226 words)
In medicine, immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.
Most cases of immunodeficiency are either congenital or acquired.
Although elderly people are generally more susceptible to infections, this can be increased in the presence of a number of blood disorders (see hematology); important examples are multiple myeloma and chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL).
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Immunodeficiency disorders (1210 words)
Immunodeficiency disorders occur when the immune response is reduced or absent.
Immunodeficiency causes persistent or recurrent infections, severe infections by organisms that are normally mild, incomplete recovery from illness or poor response to treatment, and an increased incidence of cancer and other tumors.
Acquired immunodeficiency may be a complication of diseases such as HIV infection and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
  More results at FactBites »


 

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