MAC complex - Nanobodies - Perforin - Antibodies (Light chain, Heavy chain, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM) In 1828 the Medical Academy of Georgia was chartered by the state of Georgia with plans to offer a single course of lectures leading to a bachelors degree. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ... Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ... The immune system is the collection of organs and tissues involved in the adaptive defense of a body against foreign biological material. ... The innate immune system comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms, in a non-specific manner. ... Humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies, produced in the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage (B cell). ... Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of macrophages and NK-cells, the production of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... An abscess on the skin, showing the redness and swelling characteristic of inflammation. ... A complement protein attacking an invader. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... The alternative pathway of the complement system is a humoral component of the immune systems natural defence against infections which can operate without antibody participation. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Anaphylatoxin, or anaphylotoxin, is a fragment (C3a, C4a or C5a) of the complement system that triggers degranulation of (release of substances from) mast cells or basophils, which is an important part of the immune system in all kinds of inflammation and especially as part of defense against parasites. ... Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. ... White blood cells or leukocytes are cells which form a component of the blood. ... Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key. ... An antigen is a molecule that stimulates an immune response. ... An antigen-presenting cell (APC) is a cell that displays foreign antigen complexed with MHC on its surface. ... MHC I (1hsa) vs MHC II (1dlh) (more details. ... Immunity is a medical term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. ... Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts (down to the sub-molecular levels) as self, which results in an immune response against its own cells and tissues. ... Immune or immunological tolerance is the process by which the immune system does not attack an antigen. ... Central tolerance is a condition caused by tumor cells caused by tumor antigens inhibiting the immune system which has no reaction. ... In medicine, immune deficiency (or immunodeficiency) is a state where the immune system is incapable of defending the organism from infectious disease. ... A phagocyte is a cell that ingests and destroys foreign matter such as microorganisms or debris via a process known as phagocytosis, in which these cells ingest and kill offending cells by a process analogous to cellular digestion, usually using lysosomes which carry potent enzymes that digests cell components such... An opsonin is any molecule that acts as a binding enhancer for the process of phagocytosis, for example, by coating the negatively-charged molecules on the membrane. ... The reticuloendothelial system (RES), part of the immune system, consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue, primarily monocytes and macrophages. ... The allotype affects the constant region (labeled CL and CH1-3 in the diagram. ... In immunology, the immunoglobulin isotype refers to the type of chain. ... The idiotype affects the variable region (labeled VL and VH in the diagram. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... The membrane attack complex (MAC) is formed on the surface of intruding pathogenic bacterial cells as a result of the activation of the complement system, and it is one of the ultimate weapons of the immune system. ... Nanobodies are a type of antibodies derived from camels, and are much smaller than traditional antibodies. ... Perforin is a cytolytic protein found in the granules of CD8 T-cells and NK cells. ... Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key. ... Schematic diagram of an typical antibody showing two Ig heavy chains (blue) linked by disulphide bonds to two Ig light chains (green). ... Schematic of antibody binding to an antigen An antibody is a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. ... ... ... Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody subclass (known as isotypes), found only in mammals. ... IgM (Immunglobulin M) antibody molecule consisting of 5 base units. ...