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This article is about post-1824 Imperial units, please see also English unit, U.S. customary unit or Avoirdupois. There is no one system of English units. ...
The U.S. customary units (more commonly known in the US as English units or standard units) are the non-metric units of measurement that are presently used in the United States, in some cases alongside the metric system of units. ...
The avoirdupois system is a system of weights defining terms such as pound and ounce. ...
The Imperial units are or the Imperial system is a collection of English units, first defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1824, later refined (until 1959) and reduced. The units were introduced in the United Kingdom and its colonies, including Commonwealth countries, but excluding the then already independent United States. In physics and metrology, units are standards for measurement of physical quantities that need clear definitions to be useful. ...
There is no one system of English units. ...
1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, most of which were once governed by the United Kingdom and are its former colonies. ...
Relation to other systems The distinction between this imperial system and the U.S. customary units (also called standard units there) or older British/English units/systems and newer additions (foot-pound-second systems) is often not drawn precisely. Most length units are shared among the Imperial and U.S. systems, albeit partially and temporally defined slightly differently. Capacity measures differ the most due to the introduction of the Imperial gallon and the unification of wet and dry measures. The Avoirdupois system only applies to weights; the Imperial system only uses its long flavour, the U.S. customary system uses the short flavour. The U.S. customary units (more commonly known in the US as English units or standard units) are the non-metric units of measurement that are presently used in the United States, in some cases alongside the metric system of units. ...
The gallon is a unit of volume used for measuring liquids (as well as dry matter). ...
The avoirdupois system is a system of weights defining terms such as pound and ounce. ...
The term imperial should not be applied to English units that were outlawed in Weights and Measures Act of 1824 or earlier, or which had fallen out of use by that time, nor to post-imperial inventions such as the slug or poundal. 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Slugs are gastropods without shells or with very small shells, in contrast with snails from which they evolved, which have a prominent shell. ...
The poundal is a non-SI unit of force. ...
Although most of the units are defined in more than one system, some subsidiary units were used to a much greater extent, or for different purposes, in one area rather than the other.
Measures of length After the 1 July 1959 deadline, agreed upon in 1958, the U.S. and the British yard were defined identically (0.9144 m), the international yard. Given metric equivalents in this article usually assume this latest official definition. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 619 KB) Imperial standards of length 1876 in Trafalgar Square, London. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1760x1168, 619 KB) Imperial standards of length 1876 in Trafalgar Square, London. ...
Trafalgar Square is a square in central London that commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars. ...
St. ...
July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ...
1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1958 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Length | 1 inch | | | | = 25.4 mm | | 1 foot | | = 12 inches | | = 304.8 mm | | 1 yard | = 3 feet | = 36 inches | | = 914.4 mm | | 1 rod, pole or perch | | = 5½ yards | = 16½ feet | = 5.0292 m | | 1 chain | = 4 poles | = 22 yards | = 66 feet | = 20.1168 m | | 1 furlong | = 10 chains | = 220 yards | = 660 feet | = 201.168 m | | 1 mile | = 8 furlongs | = 1760 yards | = 5280 feet | = 1.609 344 km | | 1 league | = 3 miles | = 5280 yards | = 15840 feet | = 4.828 032 km | Until the adoption of the international definition of 1852 metres in 1970, the British nautical mile was defined as 6080 feet (1.85318 km). It was not readily expressible in terms of any of the intermediate units, because it was derived from the circumference of the Earth (like the original metre). Depth of water at sea was expressed in fathoms (6 feet = 1.8288 m). Mid-19th century tool for converting between different standards of the inch An inch is an Imperial and U.S. customary unit of length. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter), symbol mm is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a metre. ...
This article is about the unit of measure known as the yard. ...
The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International dUnités). ...
As a unit of measurement within the Imperial system, the chain (surveyors chain, Gunters chain) is defined as 22 yards, 66 feet, or four rods. ...
The 5 furlong post on Epsom Downs A furlong is a measure of distance within Imperial units and U.S. customary units. ...
A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. ...
A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer, symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ...
League is a unit of distance long common in Europe and Latin America, although no longer an official unit in any nation. ...
A nautical mile is a unit of length. ...
The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International dUnités). ...
A fathom is a unit of measure equal to 2 yards or 6 feet, or 1. ...
Measures of area Area | 1 rood | = 1 furlong × 1 rod | = 40 square rods | = 10890 square feet | = 0.10117141056 ha | = 1011.7141056 m² | | 1 acre | = 1 furlong × 1 chain | = 160 square rods | = 1/640 square mile | = 0.40468564224 ha | = 4046.8564224 m² | A rood is an old English ( Anglo-Saxon) unit equal to quarter an acre, i. ...
An acre is a measure of land area in Imperial units or U.S. customary units. ...
A hectare (symbol ha) is a metric unit of surface area, equal to 100 ares (the name is a contraction of the SI prefix hecto + are). ...
Measures of volume In 1824, Britain adopted a close approximation to the ale gallon known as the Imperial gallon. The Imperial gallon was based on the volume of 10 lb of distilled water weighed in air with brass weights with the barometer standing at 30 in and at a temperature of 62 °F. In 1963, this definition was refined as the space occupied by 10 lb of distilled water of density 0.998 859 g/mL weighed in air of density 0.001 217 g/mL against weights of density 8.136 g/mL. This works out at approximately 277.419 45 in³. The metric definition of exactly 4.546 09 L was adopted shortly afterward. The 1963 Weights and Measures Act defined the imperial gallon as exactly 4.545 964 591 liters. See: [[1]] 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Officially the pound is the name for at least three different units of mass: The pound (avoirdupois). ...
Pressure is the application of force to a surface, and the concentration of that force in a given area. ...
Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ...
1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Officially the pound is the name for at least three different units of mass: The pound (avoirdupois). ...
The gram or gramme, symbol g, is a unit of mass, and is defined in the SI system of units as one one-thousandth of a kilogram (i. ...
The millilitre (ml or mL, also spelt milliliter) is a metric unit of volume that is equal to one thousandth of a litre. ...
Wet | 1 fluid ounce | | | | = 0.028 413 062 5 L | | 1 gill | | | = 5 oz. | = 0.142 065 312 5 L | | 1 pint | | = 4 gills | = 20 oz. | = 0.568 261 25 L | | 1 quart | | = 2 pints | = 40 oz. | = 1.136 522 5 L | | 1 gallon | = 4 quarts | = 8 pints | = 160 oz. | = 4.546 09 L | Dry | 1 peck | | | = 2 gal. | = 9.092 18 L | | 1 kenning or bucket | | = 2 pecks | = 4 gal. | = 18.184 36 L | | 1 bushel | = 2 kennings | = 4 pecks | = 8 gal. | = 36.368 72 L | | 1 strike | | = 2 bushels | = 16 gal. | = 72.737 44 L | | 1 quarter or pail | | = 8 bushels | = 64 gal. | = 290.949 76 L | | 1 chaldron | = 4 quarters | = 32 bushels | = 256 gal. | = 1163.799 04 L | | 1 last | = 10 quarters | = 80 bushels | = 640 gal. | = 2909.497 6 L | Brewery | 1 firkin | | | = 9 gal. | = 40.914 81 L | | 1 kilderkin | | = 2 firkin | = 18 gal. | = 81.829 62 L | | 1 barrel | = 2 kilderkin | = 4 firkin | = 36 gal. | = 163.659 24 L | | 1 hogshead (of beer) | = 3 kilderkin | = 6 firkin | = 54 gal. | = 245.488 86 L | The full table of British apothecaries' measure is as follows: A fluid ounce is a unit of volume in both the Imperial system of units and the U.S. customary units system. ...
In aquatic organisms, gills are a respiratory organ for the extraction of oxygen from water and for the excretion of carbon dioxide. ...
The pint is a unit of volume. ...
A quart is a unit of measurement for volume. ...
The gallon is a unit of volume used for measuring liquids (as well as dry matter). ...
A peck is an Imperial unit and U.S. customary unit of dry volume, equivalent in each of these systems to 8 dry quarts, or 16 dry pints. ...
In literature, a kenning is a compound poetic phrase substituted for the usual name of a person or thing. ...
A bushel is a unit of volume, used (with somewhat different definitions) in the systems of Imperial units and U.S. customary units. ...
A Firkin is an old English unit of volume. ...
The kilderkin is an old English unit of brewery casks, holding about 82 litres. ...
See Barrel for other uses. ...
A hogshead is a large cask of liquid (less often, of a food commodity). ...
Apothecaries' measure | 1 minim | | | = 0.059 193 880 208¯3 mL | | 1 fluid scruple | | = 20 minims | = 1.183 877 604 1¯6 mL | | 1 fluid dram or fluidram | = 3 fluid scruples | = 60 minims | = 3.551 632 812 5 mL | | 1 fluid ounce | = 8 fluid drachms | = 480 minims | = 28.413 062 5 mL | | 1 pint | | = 20 fluid ounces | = 568.261 25 mL | | 1 gallon | = 8 pints | = 160 fluid ounces | = 4.546 09 L | For a comparison to the U.S. customary system see the article on English units A minim is a small amount of fluid. ...
The dram (American spelling) or drachm (British spelling) is a small imperial unit of volume; it is also called the fluidram (contraction of fluid dram). ...
There is no one system of English units. ...
Measures of weight and mass Britain has made some use of three different weight systems, troy weight, used for precious metals, avoirdupois weight, used for most other purposes, and apothecaries' weight, now virtually unused since the metric system is used for all scientific purposes. Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. ...
The avoirdupois system is a system of weights defining terms such as pound and ounce. ...
The apothecaries system of mass is an obsolete system formerly used by apothecaries (now called pharmacists or chemists) in English-speaking countries. ...
The use of the troy pound (373.241 721 6 g) was abolished in Britain on January 6, 1879, with only the troy ounce (31.103 476 8 g) and its decimal subdivisions retained. In all the systems, the fundamental unit is the pound, and all other units are defined as fractions or multiples of it. 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Decimal, or less commonly, denary, usually refers to the base 10 numeral system. ...
Officially the pound is the name for at least three different units of mass: The pound (avoirdupois). ...
Avoirdupois Mass | 1 mite | = 1/20 grain | | = 3.239 945 5 mg | | 1 grain | | | = 64.798 91 mg | | 1 drachm | = 1/16 ounce | = 1/256 pound | = 1.771 845 195 312 5 g | | 1 ounce | | = 1/16 pound | = 28.349 523 125 g | | 1 pound | = 7000 grains | | = 453.592 37 g | | 1 stone | | = 14 pounds | = 6.350 293 18 kg | | 1 quarter | = 2 stones | = 28 pounds | = 12.700 586 36 kg | | 1 hundredweight | = 4 quarters | = 112 pounds | = 50.802 345 44 kg | | 1 ton | = 20 hundredweight | = 2240 pounds | = 1016.046 908 8 kg | Note that the British ton is 2240 pounds (the long ton), which is very close to a metric tonne, whereas the ton generally used in the United States is the "short ton" of 2000 pounds (907.184 74 kg), both are 20 hundredweights. For more on U.K.-U.S. differences see English unit. The word ton or tonne is derived from the Old English tunne, and ultimately from the Old French tonne, and referred originally to a large cask with a capacity of 252 wine gallons, which holds approximately 2100 pounds of water. ...
A long ton is the name used in the US for the unit called the ton in the avoirdupois or Imperial system of measurements, as used (alongside the metric system) in the United Kingdom and to some extent in other Commonwealth countries. ...
A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ...
There is no one system of English units. ...
Current use of Imperial units British law now defines each Imperial unit entirely in terms of the metric equivalent. See the Units of Measurement Regulations 1995. This regulation effectively outlaws their usage in retail and trading except in previously established exceptions. This has now been proved by in court against the so called 'Metric Martyrs', a small group of market traders. Despite this, many small market traders still use the customary measures, citing customer preference especially among the older population. The Metric Martyrs is a group of British food sellers and greengrocers who tried to sell their produce in pounds instead of kilograms, were fined for it, and fought the fines in a two-year court battle (2000-2002) that they ultimately lost. ...
In the United States and in a few Caribbean countries, the U.S. customary units, which are similar to Imperial units based upon older English units and in part share definitions, are still in common use. English units have been replaced elsewhere by the SI (metric) system. Most Commonwealth countries have switched entirely to the international system of units. ...
The U.S. customary units, commonly known in the United States as English units or standard units, are the non-metric units of measurement that are currently used in the U.S., in some cases alongside the metric system of units. ...
There is no one system of English units. ...
The International System of Units (abbreviated SI from the French phrase, Système International dUnités) is the most widely used system of units. ...
// Definition and linguistics The original phrase common wealth or the common weal is a calque translation of the Latin term res publica (public matters), from which the word republic comes, which was itself used as a synonym for the greek politeia as well as for the republican (i. ...
The United Kingdom completed its legal transition to SI units in 1995, but a few such units are still in official use: draught beer must still be sold in pints, most roadsign distances are still in yards and miles, and speed limits are in miles per hour, therefore interfaces in cars must have miles, and even though the troy pound was outlawed in Great Britain in the Weights and Measures Act of 1878, the troy ounce still may be used for the weight of precious stones and metals. The use of SI units is increasingly mandated by law for the retail sale of food and other commodities, but most British people still use Imperial units in colloquial discussion of distance (miles and yards), speed (miles per hour), weight (stones and pounds), liquid (pints and gallons) and height (feet and inches). 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The pint is a unit of volume. ...
Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ...
Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. ...
1878 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
In Canada, the government's efforts to implement the metric system were more extensive: pretty much any agency, institution, or thing provided by the government will use SI units exclusively. Imperial units were eliminated from all road signs, although both systems of measurement will still be found on privately-owned signs (such as the height warnings at the entrance of a multi-storey parking facility). Temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit will occasionally be heard on English Canadian commercial radio stations, but only those that cater to older listeners. The law requires that measured products (such as fuel and meat) be priced in metric units, although there is leniency in regards to fruits and vegetables. Traditional units persist in ordinary conversation and may be experiencing a resurgence due to the reduction in trade barriers with the United States. Few Canadians would use SI units to describe their weight and height, although driver's licences use SI units. In livestock auction markets, cattle are sold in dollars per hundredweight (short, of course), whereas hogs are sold in dollars per hundred kilograms. Land is surveyed and registered in metric units, but imperial units still dominate in construction, house renovation and gardening talk (although "two-by-fours" don't actually measure 2×4", for example).
See also This article lists conversion factors between a number of units of measurement. ...
United States measures Note that the measurements in this section are in U.S. customary units. ...
Metrication, or metrification, is the process of converting from the various other systems of units used throughout the world (especially the Imperial or American systems, originating in the United Kingdom) to the metric or SI (Système International) system. ...
The metrified Imperial system is a proposal for a metrication and unification of the English systems of measures. ...
The tun is an old English unit of wine cask volume, holding about 954 litres, almost a cubic metre. ...
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