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Implicit atheism and explicit atheism are subcategories of atheism coined by George H. Smith (1979, p.13-18). Implicit atheism is defined by Smith as "the absence of theistic belief without a conscious rejection of it". Explicit atheism is defined as "the absence of theistic belief due to a conscious rejection of it", which, according to Smith, is sometimes characterized as antitheism.[1] “Atheist†redirects here. ...
George H. Smith is a libertarian author. ...
Antitheism (sometimes anti-theism) is active opposition to theism. ...
Critical atheism For Smith, explicit atheism is subdivided further according to whether or not the rejection is made on rational grounds. The term critical atheism is used to label the view that belief in god is irrational, and is itself subdivided into: - a) the view usually expressed by the statement "I do not believe in the existence of a god or supernatural being";
- b) the view usually expressed by the statement "God does not exist" or "the existence of God is impossible"; and
- c) the view which "refuses to discuss the existence or nonexistence of a god" because "the concept of a god is unintelligible" (p.17).[1]
Although Ernest Nagel rejects Smith's definition of atheism as merely "lack of theism", acknowledging only explicit atheism as true "atheism", his tripartite classification of rejectionist atheism—commonly found in the philosophical literature—is identical to Smith's critical atheism typology. Ernest Nagel (November 16, 1901, Prague, Austro-Hungarian Empire -- September 22, 1985, New York City) was among the most important philosophers of science of his time. ...
Other typologies of atheism - Further information: Types and typologies of atheism[broken link]
The difference between Nagel on the one hand and d'Holbach and Smith on the other has been attributed to the different concerns of professional philosophers and layman proponents of atheism (see Smith (1990, Chapter 3, p.51-60[2]), for example, but also alluded to by others). “Atheist†redirects here. ...
Baron dHolbach Paul-Henri Thiry, baron dHolbach (1723 – 1789) was a German-French author, philosopher and encyclopedist. ...
Everitt (2004) makes the point that professional philosophers are more interested in the grounds for giving or withholding assent to propositions:
We need to distinguish between a biographical or sociological enquiry into why some people have believed or disbelieved in God, and an epistemological enquiry into whether there are any good reasons for either belief or unbelief... We are interested in the question of what good reasons there are for or against God's existence, and no light is thrown on that question by discovering people who hold their beliefs without having good reasons for them. (p.10)[3] So, in philosophy (Flew and Martin notwithstanding), atheism is commonly defined along the lines of "rejection of theistic belief". This is often misunderstood to mean only the view that there is no God, but it is conventional to distinguish between two or three main sub-types of atheism in this sense. However, writers differ in their characterization of this distinction, and in the labels they use for these positions.
The terms weak atheism and strong atheism (or negative atheism and positive atheism) are often used as synonyms of Smith's less-well-known implicit and explicit categories. However, the original and technical meanings of implicit and explicit atheism are quite different and distinct from weak and strong atheism, having to do with conscious rejection and unconscious rejection of theism rather than with positive belief and negative belief. Strong atheism is a term generally used to describe atheists who accept as true the proposition, gods do not exist. Weak atheism refers to any type of non-theism which falls short of this standard. ...
People who do not use the broad definition of atheism as "lack of theism", but instead use the most common definition "disbelief in or denial of the existence of God or gods",[4] would not recognize mere absence of belief in deities (implicit atheism) as a type of atheism at all, and would tend to use other terms, such as "skeptic" or "agnostic", or even the heavy-handed "non-atheistic non-theism", for this position. This article is about the psychological term. ...
Agnosticism (from the Greek a, meaning without, and gnosticism or gnosis, meaning knowledge) is the philosophical view that the truth value of certain claims—particularly metaphysical claims regarding theology, afterlife or the existence of God, gods, deities, or even ultimate reality—is unknown or, depending on the form of agnosticism...
References - ^ a b Smith, George H. (1979). Atheism: The Case Against God. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus, 13–18. ISBN 0-87975-124-X.
- ^ Smith, George H. (1990). Atheism, Ayn Rand, and Other Heresies, 51-60.
- ^ Everitt, Nicholas (2004). The Non-existence of God: An Introduction. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30107-6.
- ^ Dictionary.com/atheism. Retrieved on 2006-03-05.
| Irreligion | | Atheism | List of atheists · Demographics · Religion · History · State atheism · Criticism · Discrimination · Persecution · Weak and strong · Agnostic atheism · Implicit and explicit · Antitheism · Antireligion · Atheist Alliance International Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the day. ...
This section does not cite its references or sources. ...
“Atheist†redirects here. ...
An atheist is one who disbelieves[1] in the existence of a deity or deities. ...
It is difficult to quantify the number of atheists in the world. ...
Although the term atheism originated in the 16th century, based on Ancient Greek ἄθεος godless, denying the gods, ungodly[1] and open admission to positive atheism in modern times was not made earlier than in the late 18th century, atheistic ideas and beliefs, as well as their political influence, have a...
State atheism is the official rejection of religion in all forms by a government in favor of atheism. ...
Criticism of atheism is made chiefly by theistic sources, though some forms of atheism also receive criticism from nontheistic sources. ...
Many atheists have experienced discrimination, mainly from religious entities. ...
Many atheists have experienced persecution, mainly from Christians and Muslims. ...
Strong atheism is a term generally used to describe atheists who accept as true the proposition, gods do not exist. Weak atheism refers to any type of non-theism which falls short of this standard. ...
Agnostic atheism is a philosophical doctrine that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. ...
Antitheism (sometimes anti-theism) is active opposition to theism. ...
Antireligion is opposition to some or all religions in some or all contexts. ...
Atheist Alliance International (AAI) is an alliance of atheist organisations around the world. ...
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Ludwig Feuerbach | | Agnosticism | List of agnostics · Agnostic theism · Agnostic atheism · Weak agnosticism · Strong agnosticism · Ignosticism · Apatheism Image File history File links Download high resolution version (504x656, 106 KB) Ludwig Feuerbach is a german philosopher. ...
This article refers to the philosopher. ...
Agnosticism (from the Greek a, meaning without, and gnosticism or gnosis, meaning knowledge) is the philosophical view that the truth value of certain claims—particularly metaphysical claims regarding theology, afterlife or the existence of God, gods, deities, or even ultimate reality—is unknown or, depending on the form of agnosticism...
Thomas Huxley, coiner of the term agnostic. ...
Agnostic Theism is the philosophical view that encompasses both theism and agnosticism. ...
Agnostic atheism is a philosophical doctrine that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. ...
Weak agnosticism, or empirical agnosticism (also negative agnosticism), is the belief that the existence or nonexistence of deities is currently unknown, but is not necessarily unknowable, therefore one will withhold judgment until more evidence is available. ...
Strong agnosticism or positive agnosticism is the belief that it is impossible for humans to know whether or not any God or gods exist. ...
Ignosticism is a word coined by Rabbi Sherwin Wine to indicate one of two related views about the existence of God. ...
Apatheism (a portmanteau of apathy and atheism), also known as pragmatic or practical atheism, is a subset of atheism (when atheism is defined as lack of belief in deities, rather than specific disbelief in deities). ...
| | Nontheism | Secular Humanism · Freethought · Secularism · Criticism of religion · Freedom From Religion Foundation · Brights movement · Flying Spaghetti Monster · Invisible Pink Unicorn · Russell's teapot This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Secular humanism is a humanist philosophy that upholds reason, ethics, and justice, and specifically rejects the supernatural and the spiritual as warrants of moral reflection and decision-making. ...
Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds that beliefs should be formed on the basis of science and logical principles and not be compromised by authority, tradition, or any other dogma. ...
This article is about secularism. ...
The criticism of religion includes criticism of the concept of religion, the validity of religion, the practice of religion, and the consequences of religion for humanity. ...
The Freedom From Religion Foundation is an American Freethought organization based in Madison, Wisconsin. ...
Symbol of the brights The brights movement was started by Paul Geisert and Mynga Futrell in 2003 to provide a positive-sounding umbrella term, bright, to describe various types of people who have a naturalistic worldview, without casting that worldview as a negative response to religion (as the terms atheist...
Bobby Henderson redirects here. ...
A depiction of the Invisible Pink Unicorn, in the style of a heraldic animal rampant, though the nearest heraldic color to pink is purpure (purple). ...
Russells teapot, sometimes called the Celestial Teapot, was an analogy first coined by the philosopher Bertrand Russell, intended to refute the idea that the burden of proof lies upon the sceptic to disprove unfalsifiable claims of religions. ...
| | Theological thought | Religious belief
systems | Acosmism · Animism · Ditheism · Gnosticism · Mysticism · New Age · New Thought · Theism · Thelema · Theosophy · Transcendentalism · more Below are words that designate a set or subset of beliefs. ...
Various Religious symbols, including (first row) Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Bahai, (second row) Islamic, tribal, Taoist, Shinto (third row) Buddhist, Sikh, Hindu, Jain, (fourth row) Ayyavazhi, Triple Goddess, Maltese cross, pre-Christian Slavonic Religion is the adherence to codified beliefs and rituals that generally involve a faith in a spiritual...
Acosmism, in contrast to pantheism, denies the reality of the universe, seeing it as ultimately illusory, (the prefix a- in Greek meaning negation; like un- in English), and only the infinite unmanifest Absolute as real. ...
The term Animism is derived from the Latin anima, meaning soul.[1][2] In its most general sense, animism is simply the belief in souls. ...
The term dualism is the state of being dual, or having a twofold division. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
New Age describes a broad movement characterized by alternative approaches to traditional Western culture. ...
The New Thought Movement or New Thought is comprised of a loosely allied group of denominations, organizations, authors, philosophers, and individuals who share a set of metaphysical beliefs concerning healing, life force, visualization, and personal power. ...
Theism is the belief in the existence of one or more divinities or deities. ...
Thelema is the English transliteration of the Ancient Greek noun : will, from the verb θÎλω: to will, wish, purpose. ...
Theosophy is a word and a concept known anciently, commonly understood in the modern era to describe the studies of religious philosophy and metaphysics originating with Helena Petrovna Blavatsky from the 1870s. ...
In religion, transcendence is a condition or state of being that surpasses, and is independent of, physical existence. ...
Below are words that designate a set or subset of beliefs. ...
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positions | Agnosticism · Antireligion · Atheism · Deism · Determinism · Esotericism · Humanism · Libertarianism · Monism · Nondualism · more Image File history File links Portal. ...
Agnosticism (from the Greek a, meaning without, and gnosticism or gnosis, meaning knowledge) is the philosophical view that the truth value of certain claims—particularly metaphysical claims regarding theology, afterlife or the existence of God, gods, deities, or even ultimate reality—is unknown or, depending on the form of agnosticism...
Antireligion is opposition to some or all religions in some or all contexts. ...
“Atheist†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Ceremonial Deism. ...
Determinism is the philosophical proposition that every event, including human cognition and behavior, decision and action, is causally determined by an unbroken chain of prior occurrences. ...
Look up Esotericism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article discusses Humanism as a non-theistic life stance. ...
In philosophical debates about free will and determinism, libertarianism is generally held to be the combination of the following beliefs: that free will is incompatible with determinism that human beings do possess free will, and that determinism is false All libertarians subscribe to the philosophy of incompatibilism which states that...
For other uses, see Monist (disambiguation). ...
The term nondual is a literal translation of the Sanskrit term advaita, (meaning not two). ...
Below are words that designate a set or subset of beliefs. ...
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