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In situ is a Latin phrase meaning in the place. It is used in many different contexts. For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...
Aerospace
In the aerospace industry equipment on board aircraft must be tested "in situ" or in place to confirm everything functions properly as a system. Individually each piece may work but interference from nearby equipment may create problems not anticipated. Special test equipment is available for this "in situ" testing.
Archaeology In archaeology, in situ refers to an artifact that has not been moved from its original place of deposition, in other words is stationary meaning "Still". An artifact being in situ is critical to the interpretation of that artifact and, consequently, to the culture which formed it. Once an artifact's 'find–site' has been recorded, the artifact can then be moved for conservation, further interpretation and display. An artifact that is not discovered in situ is considered out of context and will not provide an accurate picture of the associated culture. However, the out of context artifact can provide scientists with an example of types and locations of in situ artifacts yet to be discovered.
An archaeological in–situ–find may be a looted object, an item of "booty". Consequently, the in situ find site may still not reveal its provenance. Further detective work is required. It is also possible for archaeological layers to be reworked (by humans, etc), for example in a tell mound where layers are not typically uniform or horizontal. Provenance is the origin or source from which anything comes. ...
Tell Mar Elias, North Jordan in 2005 Tell or tall (Arabic: ‎, tall, and Hebrew: , tel), meaning hill or mound, is an archaeological site in the form of an earthen mound that results from the accumulation and subsequent erosion of material deposited by human occupation over long periods of time. ...
Architecture In architecture and building, in situ means construction which is carried out on the building site using raw materials. Compare that with prefabricated construction, in which building components are made in a factory and then transported to the building site for assembly. For example, concrete slabs may be in situ or prefabricated. This article is about building architecture. ...
For other uses, see Building (disambiguation). ...
A Concrete slab is a common architectural element of modern buildings. ...
In situ techniques are often more labour-intensive, and take longer, but the materials are cheaper, and the work is versatile and adaptable. Prefabricated techniques are usually much quicker, therefore saving money, but factory-made parts can be expensive. They are also inflexible, and must often be designed on a grid, with all details fully calculated in advance. They may also need special access to the building site for large delivery lorries.
Astronomy Future space exploration may rely on obtaining supplies in situ, such as previous plans to power the Orion space vehicle with fuel minable on the moon.
Mars Direct mission concept is based primarily on the in situ fuel production using Sabatier reaction. Orion is a spacecraft currently under development by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ...
Mars Direct is a proposal for a relatively low-cost manned mission to Mars with current rocket technology. ...
The Sabatier process involves the reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a nickel catalyst to produce methane and water. ...
Biology In biology, in situ means to examine the phenomenon exactly in place where it occurs (i.e. without moving it to some special medium). This usually means something intermediate between in vivo and in vitro. For example, examining a cell within a whole organ intact and under perfusion may be in situ investigation. This would not be in vivo as the donor is sacrificed before experimentation, but it would not be the same as working with the cell alone (a common scenario in in vitro experiments). Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, life; and λόγος, logos, knowledge), also referred to as the biological sciences, is the study of living organisms utilizing the scientific method. ...
In vivo (Latin for (with)in the living). ...
Wiktionary has a definition of: In vitro In vitro (Latin: within glass) means within a test tube, or, more generally, outside a living organism or cell. ...
This article is about the biological unit. ...
In physiology, perfusion is the process of nutritive delivery of arterial blood to a capillary bed in the biological tissue. ...
In oncology: for a carcinoma, in situ means that malignant cells are present as a tumor anywhere in the body, but has not metastasized, or invaded, beyond the original site where the tumor was discovered. This can happen anywhere in the body, such as the skin, breast tissue, or lung. See cancer for the biology of the disease, as well as a list of malignant diseases. ...
In medicine, carcinoma is any cancer that arises from epithelial cells. ...
In medicine, malignant is a clinical term that means to be severe and become progressively worse, as in malignant hypertension. ...
In genetics, in situ can also mean 'in the chromosome.' For example, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) can be done with chromosomes in cells or in a karyotype, such as with spectral karyotyping. In each case, the target sequence is observed in the chromosome. This article is about the general scientific term. ...
Figure 1: A representation of a condensed eukaryotic chromosome, as seen during cell division. ...
A metaphase cell positive for the bcr/abl rearrangement using FISH. The chromosomes can be seen in blue. ...
Karyogram of human male using Giemsa staining. ...
Karyogram of human male using Giemsa staining. ...
The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ...
In conservation of genetic resources, "in-situ conservation" (also "on-site conservation") is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat, as opposed to ex-situ conservation (also "off-site conservation"). Germplasm is a term used to describe the genetic resources, or more precisely the DNA of an organism and collections of that material. ...
In-situ conservation means on-site conservation. It is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat, either by protecting or cleaning up the habitat itself, or by defending the species from predators. ...
The conservation movement is a political and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future. ...
The Siberian Tiger is a subspecies of tiger that are critically endangered. ...
For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ...
Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species live and grow. ...
Ex-situ conservation means literally, off-site conservation. It is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal by removing it from an unsafe or threatened habitat and placing it or part of it under the care of humans. ...
Chemistry and chemical engineering In chemistry, in situ typically means "in the reaction mixture" There are numerous unstable molecules which must be synthesized in situ (i.e. in the reaction mixture but cannot be isolated on their own) for use in various processes. Examples include the Corey-Chaykovsky reagent and adrenochrome. The Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction is a chemical reaction in which a carbonyl is converted to an epoxide by the action of a sulfonium ylide. ...
Adrenochrome, chemical formula C9H9NO3, is an oxidation product of adrenaline. ...
In chemical engineering, in situ often refers to industrial plant "operations or procedures that are performed in place". For example, aged catalysts in industrial reactors may be regenerated in place (in situ) without being removed from the reactors.
Computer science In computer science an in situ operation is one that occurs without interrupting the normal state of a system. For example, a file backup may be restored over a running system, without needing to take the system down to perform the restore. In the context of a database, an in situ restore would allow the database system to continue to be available to users while a restore happened. An in situ upgrade would allow an operating system or application to be upgraded while the system was still running, perhaps without the need to reboot it, depending on the sophistication of the system. Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ...
An algorithm is said to be an in situ algorithm, or in-place algorithm, if the amount of memory required to execute the algorithm is O(1), that is, does not depend on the size of the input. For example, heapsort is an in situ sorting algorithm. In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a finite list of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task that, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ...
In computer science, an in-place algorithm is an algorithm which transforms a data structure using a small, constant amount of extra storage space. ...
Big O notation is often used to describe how the size of the input data affects an algorithms running time. ...
A run of the heapsort algorithm sorting an array of randomly permuted values. ...
In designing user interfaces, the term in situ means that a particular user action can be performed without going to another window, for example, if a word processor displays an image and allows you to edit the image without launching a separate image editor, this is called in situ editing.
Earth and atmospheric sciences In physical geography and the Earth sciences, in situ typically describes natural material or processes prior to transport. For example, in situ is used in relation to the distinction between weathering and erosion, the difference being that erosion requires a transport medium (such as wind, ice, or water), whereas weathering occurs in situ. Geochemical processes are also often described as occurring to material in situ. True-color image of the Earths surface and atmosphere Physical geography (also know as geosystems or physiography) is a subfield of geography that focuses on the systematic study of patterns and processes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere. ...
Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. ...
Weathering is the decomposing of rocks, soils and their minerals through direct contact with the air. ...
For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology). ...
Eolian (or aeolian) processes pertain to the activity of the winds. ...
This article is about the geological formation. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of rocks and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earths chemical components in time and space, and their interaction with...
In the atmospheric sciences, in situ refers to measurements obtained through direct contact with the respective subject, such as a radiosonde measuring a parcel of air or an anemometer measuring wind, as opposed to remote sensing such as weather radar or satellites. Atmospheric sciences is an umbrella term for the study of the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems. ...
radiosonde with measuring instruments A radiosonde (Sonde is German for probe) is a unit for use in weather balloons that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them to a fixed receiver. ...
A hemispherical cup anemometer of the type invented in 2000 by John Thomas Romney Robinson An anemometer is a device for measuring the velocity or the pressure of the wind, and is one instrument used in a weather station. ...
For the purported psychic ability to sense remotely, see Remote viewing right Synthetic aperture radar image of Death Valley colored using polarimetry In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the short or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real...
Environmental engineering In situ can refer to where a clean up or remediation of a polluted site is performed using and simulating the natural processes in the soil, contrary to ex situ where contaminated soil is excavated and cleaned elsewhere, off site. Generally, remediation means giving a remedy. ...
The Lachine Canal, in Montreal, is badly polluted Pollution is the release of harmful environmental contaminants, or the substances so released. ...
Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland Technically, soil forms the pedosphere: the interface between the lithosphere (rocky part of the planet) and the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ...
Ex-situ conservation means literally, off-site conservation. It is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal by removing it from an unsafe or threatened habitat and placing it or part of it under the care of humans. ...
For excavation in civil engineering see earthworks (engineering). ...
Literature In literature in situ is used to describe a condition. The Rosetta Stone, for example, was originally erected in a courtyard, for public viewing. Most pictures of the famous stone are not "in-situ" pictures of it erected, as it would have been originally. The stone was uncovered as part of building material, within a wall. Its in situ condition today is that it is erected, vertically, on public display at the British Museum. Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ...
This article is about the ancient Rosetta Stone found in Egypt. ...
The British Museum in London, England is one of the worlds greatest museums of human history and culture. ...
Linguistics In linguistics, specifically syntax, an element may be said to be in situ if it is pronounced in the position where it is interpreted. For example, questions in languages such as Chinese have in-situ wh-elements, with structures comparable to "John bought what?" while English wh-elements are not in-situ: "What did John buy?" Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ...
For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ...
A question is any of several kinds of linguistic expressions normally used by a questioner to request the presentation of information back to the questioner, in the form of an answer, by the audience. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Law In legal context, in situ is often used for its literal meaning. For example, in Hong Kong, in situ land exchange involves the government exchanging the original or expired lease of a piece of land with a new grant or re-grant with the same piece of land or a portion of that. This article is about law in society. ...
A leasehold estate is an ownership interest in land in which a lessee or a tenant holds real property by some form of title from a lessor or landlord. ...
A land grant is a gift of land made by the government for projects such as roads, railroads, or especially academic institutions. ...
Petroleum production In situ means "in place", and refers to recovery techniques which apply heat or solvents to heavy oil or bitumen reservoirs beneath the earth. There are several varieties of in situ technique, but the ones which work best in the oil sands use heat.
RF transmission In radio frequency (RF) transmission systems, in situ is often used to describe the location of various components while the system is in its standard transmission mode, rather than operation in a test mode. For example, if an in situ wattmeter is used in a commercial broadcast transmission system, the wattmeter can accurately measure power while the station is "on the air". It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Radio waves. ...
RF may mean: RF, the IATA code for Florida West International Airways RF, NYSE ticker symbol for Regions Financial Corporation Royalty free Rf or RF may stand for: Radio frequency Volumetric flow rate/rate of flow (Rf) RF connectors, electrical connectors designed to work at radio frequencies Red Faction, a...
The wattmeter is an electrodynamic instrument for measuring the electric power or the supply rate of electrical energy of any given circuit. ...
The wattmeter is an electrodynamic instrument for measuring the electric power or the supply rate of electrical energy of any given circuit. ...
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