NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Inclosure

Inclosure (also commonly enclosure), refers to the process of subdivision of Common land, or just common, is frequently used to describe a parcel of land, usually near the centre of towns and villages, which is thought to be owned in common by all the members of the community. However, this definition is actually a widely held misconception. More accurately Common land... common lands for individual ownership. Prior to the (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. Historians will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death... 18th century, Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals ( livestock). Agriculture is also known as farming. More people in the world are involved in agriculture as their primary economic... agriculture was much the same across World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. It is conventionally considered a continent, which, in this case, is more of a cultural distinction than a geographic one. ( National Geographic, however, officially recognises... Europe, and had been since before the The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the Western Roman Empire... Middle Ages, with each villager The following is a list of subsistence techniques: Hunting and Gathering, also known as Foraging freeganism involves gathering of discarded food in the context of an urban environment gleaning involves the gathering of food that traditional farmers have left behind in their fields Cultivation Horticulture - plant cultivation, based on the... subsistence-farming his own strips of land in large The open field system was the prevalent agricultural system in Europe from the Dark Ages to as recently as the 20th century in places. From the 12th century onwards it was gradually replaced by Enclosure. The system originated in feudal society, with peasants allotted strips of land by a landowner... open fields.

From as early as the (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages. Events Song dynasty loses power... 12th century, some open fields in Britain were being inclosed into individually owned fields. In northern Europe, the The term climate change is used to refer to changes in the Earths climate. In the most general sense, it can be taken to mean changes over all timescales and in all of the components of climate, including precipitation and clouds as well as temperature. Climate changes can be... climate change from the relatively mild weather in the The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) or Medieval Climate Optimum was an unusually warm period in history lasting from about the 10th century to about the 14th century. During this time wine grapes were grown in Europe up to 300 miles north of their present northerly growing limit. The Vikings took... Medieval Warm Period to the colder, stormier, less stable The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling lasting approximately from the mid-14th to the mid-19th centuries. This cooling brought an end to an unusually warm era known as the Medieval climate optimum. It was initially assumed that the LIA was a global phenomenon. It is... Little Ice Age is regarded as a key factor which prompted a gradual shift by many farmers away from their previous subsistence on single-species Cereal crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible seeds (actually a fruit called a grain, technically a caryopsis). Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities worldwide than any other type of crop and provide more food energy to the human race. In some developing nations, cereal grains constitute practically... cereals, often grown on common lands. They moved to a more diversified set of crops (wheat followed by animal fodder, such as turnips and clover) which reduced the chance of A famine is an phenomenon in which a large percentage of the population of a region or country are undernourished and death by starvation becomes increasingly common. Famine was so well known in the ancient world that Famine was one of the biblical Four horsemen of the Apocalypse. In spite... famine caused by one or two bad harvests. This more sophisticated form of farming, however, required more control and modification of the land, a requirement which was hard to meet when land was held in common.

In Great Britain lies between Ireland and continental Europe. Great Britain is an island lying off the northwestern coast of Europe, comprising the main territory of the United Kingdom (UK). Great Britain is also used as a political term describing the combination of England, Scotland, and Wales, the three countries which... Great Britain, the process sped up during the (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. Events Renaissance affects philosophy, science and art. The New Monarchs come to power in France, England, Portugal and Spain. Rise of... 15th and (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. Events Beginning of the Little Ice Age a cooling period that resulted in lower crop yields across the world, and harsher... 16th centuries as This article is about the animal, sheep; for other meanings of Sheep, see Sheep (disambiguation). The article Ram redirects here; a ram is an intact male sheep. For other meanings of Ram, see Ram (disambiguation). Binomial name Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 A sheep is any of several woolly ruminant quadrupeds... sheep farming grew more profitable. This led to villagers losing their land and grazing rights, and left many unemployed. In the 16th and (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. During this period, the power of England and the United Provinces increased; while that of Spain and Portugal declined. Similarly, the power... 17th centuries, the practice of enclosure was denounced by the This article is about the Christian buildings of worship. For other uses of the word, see Church (disambiguation). The Memorial Church at Stanford University. A church building is a building used in Christian worship. See also altar, altar rails, confessional, dome, nave, pew, pulpit, sanctuary, lych gate. Etymology The word... Church, and legislation was drawn up against it, but continued developments in agriculture during the (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. Historians will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death... 18th century required large, inclosed fields in order to be workable. This led to a series of government acts addressing individual regions, which were given a common framework in the Inclosure Consolidation Act of Events January 1 - Legislative union of Ireland completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. January 1 - Giuseppe Piazzi discovers the first (and largest) asteroid Ceres. January 20 - John Marshall is appointed Chief Justice of the United States. February 3 - William... 1801.

While the villagers received compensation for their strips, it was minimal, and the loss of rights for the rural populace led to an increased dependency on the The Poor Law was the system for the provision of social security in operation in England and the United Kingdom from the 16th century until the establishment of the Welfare State in the 20th century. The Act of 1601 Acts of 1572, 1576 and 1597 prescribed relief for the poor... Poor Law. Only a few found work in the (increasingly mechanised) inclosed farms. Most were forced to relocate to the cities and find work in the emerging A factory (previously manufactory) is a large industrial building where goods or products are manufactured. Most factories are large warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for assembly line production. History of the factory The worlds first factory was the Venice Arsenal (founded 1104) in Venice, Italy, where... factories, opening the way for the The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the massive social, economic, and technological change in 18th century and 19th century Great Britain. It commenced with the introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered automated machinery (primarily in textile manufacturing). The technological and economic progress of the... Industrial Revolution.

By the end of the Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. In the sense of the Common Era... 19th century the process of inclosure was largely complete.

External references

In The Sibling Society (ISBN 0679781285), the The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... American Poets are authors of poems. Poets are often regarded as imaginative thinkers or writers. List of poets Apocalypse poets List of surrealist poets Mystic poets Symbolist Poets War poet List of Contemporary Turkish Poets Georgian poets List of Albanian language poets List of Afrikaans-language poets List of Arabic language... poet Robert Bly (born December 23, 1926 in Madison, Minnesota) is a United States poet. He was educated at St. Olaf, Harvard, and the University of Iowa. He inspired the Mythopoetic Mens Movement. His work Iron John: A Book About Men (1990 ISBN 0201517205) is an international bestseller which has been... Robert Bly said that inclosure caused deep damage to the previous closeness between fathers and sons—an estrangement he says continues to this day.

In Chapter Seven of Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeievich Kropotkin (Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) ( December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates... Peter Kropotkin describes inclosure at great length. [1] (http://www.calresco.org/texts/mutaid7.htm)

External references GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

See also

External references