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Encyclopedia > Income quintiles
This graph shows the American definition of social class according to the New York Times using the quintiles as measurement for class. The information, originally published by the New York Times, was based on US Census data from the 2000 Census as well as the 2003 Economic census survey.[1]
This graph shows the American definition of social class according to the New York Times using the quintiles as measurement for class. The information, originally published by the New York Times, was based on US Census data from the 2000 Census as well as the 2003 Economic census survey.[1]

The Income quintiles are a commonly used measure for income distribution in the United States. Here all households are divided into quintiles, each representing roughly 20%, according to their income.[2] It is often pointed out that there seems to exsists an inequality among the quintiles with the top two quintiles control a greater share of wealth than the bottom two quintiles. The New York Times has also used the quintiles in an attempt to define social class, stating that the top quintile represented the upper class, the fourth quintiles represented the upper middle class, the middle quintile the middle class and so on.[1] There is also an inequity in regards to the racial distribution of households among the quintiles.[2] In 2005 the lower treshold for the highest fith, the top quintile, was $88,030, the treshold for the fourth quintile was $55,331, while the bottom quintile consisted of those housholds who an annual income of less than $18,500.[2] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1000x1000, 385 KB) Summary I created the graphic using my own photoshop software. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1000x1000, 385 KB) Summary I created the graphic using my own photoshop software. ... The median household income in 2003 according to the US Census Bureau was determined to be $43,389 a year[1] with the median income per household member being $23,535. ... The household is the basic unit of analysis in many microeconomic and government models. ... The median household income in 2003 according to the US Census Bureau was determined to be $43,389 a year[1] with the median income per household member being $23,535. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Upper class refers to a group of people at the top of a social hierarchy. ... This graph shows the American definition of social class according to the New York Times using the quintiles as measurement for class. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ...

Data All households Lowest fifth Second fifth Middle fifth Fourth fifth Highest fifth Top 5%
Population (in 1000s) 113,146 22,629 22,629 22,629 22,629 22,629 5,695
Lower limit (X) (X) $18,500 $34,738 $55,331 $88,030 $157,176
Mean number of income earners 1 0 1 1 2 2 2
White alone 81.93% 74.87% 81.42% 83.87% 84.92% 87.16% 87.93%
Asian alone 3.65% 2.76% 2.26% 3.47% 3.84% 5.59% 6.46%
African American or Black 12.19% 19.77% 14.75% 11.65% 9.07% 5.69% 1.04%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 1.33% 13.56% 13.83% 12.20% 8.53% 5.89% 1.19%

Type of household

Income in the US varies greatly with the type of household.[2] The vast majority, 88.35% of households in the top quintile were family households with 80.8% of all households in this quintile being composed of married couple families that featured a mean of two income earners. This contrast sharply to the lowest quintile where family households constitued a less than half, 41.3%, of all households.[2] The percentage of householders who resided alone was by far the highest in the lowest quintile with 55.57% vs. singles constituting 34.9% in the second lowest quitnile and only 6.31% in the top quintile.[2] Overall over a third of non-family households in the United States, 36.9%, had annual household incomes of less than $25,000 and were thereby part of the bottom quintile. This confirms the long standing assumption that families, espcially those with two incomes, have higher annual incomes than singles who are mostly found in the lower two quintiles.[2] Single-parent families headed by males also had significantly higher incomes than those headed by females. While 37.93% of families with a male householder and no wife present had incomes exceeding $55,331 only 21.27% of family households headed by a female had incomes in the top two quintiles.[2]


The following table shows the composition of each quintile (i.e. 90.61% of all households in the top 5% are family households):[2]

Data All households Lowest fifth Second fifth Middle fifth Fourth fifth Highest fifth Top 5%
Population (in 1000s) 113,146 22,629 22,629 22,629 22,629 22,629 5,695
Lower limit (X) (X) $18,500 $34,738 $55,331 $88,030 $157,176
Family households 68.06% 41.06% 59.97% 70.04% 80.87% 88.35% 90.61%
Married couple families 51.35% 19.03% 38.89% 51.00% 67.05% 80.08% 85.59%
Single-male family 4.32% 3.08% 4.64% 5.69% 4.89% 3.30% 2.47%
Single-female family 12.38% 18.94% 16.43% 13.35% 8.93% 4.24% 2.54%
Non-family households (of any race) 31.93% 58.92% 40.02% 29.96% 19.12% 11.64% 9.36%

See also

The median household income in 2003 according to the US Census Bureau was determined to be $43,389 a year[1] with the median income per household member being $23,535. ... There has been significant disagreement about poverty in the United States; particularly over how poverty ought to be defined. ... The median household income is commonly used to provide data about smaller geographic areas. ... The Lorenz curve was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 as a graphical representation of income distribution. ... Income, generally defined, is the money that is received as a result of the normal business activities of an individual or a business. ...

References

  1. ^ a b New York Times defenition of class according to the quintiles. Retrieved on 2006-07-08.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i US Census Bureau, income quintilea and Top 5 Percent, 2004. Retrieved on 2006-07-08.


 

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