FACTOID # 146: About one-quarter of all nations drive on the left-hand-side of the road. Most of them are former British colonies.
 
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Encyclopedia > Independent Republicans

The Independent Republicans were a French right-wing political group, which became a political party with the creation of the National Federation of the Independent Republicans in 1966.


The Independent Republicans came from the liberal-conservative National Center of Independents and Peasants (CNIP). In 1962, the CNIP chose to leave de Gaulle's coalition due to his European policy and the presidentialisation of the regime. But, the CNIP ministers decided to stay in government. Under the leadership of the Minister of Economy and Finances Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, they created the group of the Independent Republicans. It was the small partner of the Gaullists which tried to influence the executive's policy in favour of economic liberalism and European federalism. The National Center of Independents and Peasants (Centre National des Indépendants et Paysans) is a political party in France. ... Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (  listen?) (November 22, 1890 – November 9, 1970), in France commonly referred to as le général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... Valéry Marie René Giscard dEstaing [IPA: vÉ‘leÊ€i mɑʀi ʀəne Ê’iskɑʀ dÉ›stɛ̃] (born 2 February 1926 in Koblenz, Germany) is a French center-right politician who was President of the French Republic from 1974 until 1981. ... Gaullism is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle. ... The liberal theory of economics is the theory of economics described by classical liberal authors such as Adam Smith or the French Physiocrats. ...


In 1974, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was elected President of France. Three years later, the Republican Party (PR) was founded, and became the liberal wing of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) created in 1978. The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... The Republican Party was a French right-wing political party founded in 1977. ... The Union for French Democracy, also known by its French acronym UDF (Union pour la Démocratie Française), is a French centrist political party. ...


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Republican Party of Minnesota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (309 words)
The Republican Party of Minnesota, as its name implies, is the Minnesota branch of the United States Republican Party.
The Republican Party in Minnesota was the dominant party in the state for approximately the first hundred years of Minnesota's statehood (1858 through the 1950s).
Republicans are in the majority in the Minnesota House of Representatives, but are in the minority by five seats in the Minnesota Senate.
Jim Jeffords - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (746 words)
In 1974, he won Vermont's sole seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served for fourteen years and was the ranking Republican member of the House Education and Labor Committee.
On June 5, 2001, Jeffords left the Republican Party, with which he had always been affiliated, and announced his new status as an Independent.
Jeffords' Independent status changed the Senate composition from 50-50 (with a Republican Vice President, Dick Cheney, who would break all ties in favor of the Republicans) to 49 Republicans, 50 Democrats, and one Independent.
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