An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying, for all of its funding, upon private sources, so almost invariably charging school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used for independent secondary schools, and the term private school for independent preparatory schools. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... Secondary school is a term used to describe an institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling, known as secondary education, takes place. ... Private schools, or independent schools, are schools not administered by local, state, or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public (state) funds. ... A preparatory school, or prep school in the United Kingdom, and previously in the British Empire and so the Commonwealth in current English usage, is an independent school designed to prepare a student for fee-paying, secondary independent school (public school). ...

Some independent schools, particularly the more traditional institutions, also have charitable status, which has the effect of giving them a subsidy. A charitable organization (also known as a charity) is a trust, company or unincorporated association established for charitable purposes only. ...

There are more than 2,500 independent schools in the UK, educating some 615,000 children.^[1]

Many such independent schools are either full or partial boarding schools, thus, to a substantial degree, a 'public school' education and the associated ethos, rather than mere financial status, remain defining characteristics of the upper- and professional middle classes. A boarding school is a usually fee-charging school where some or all pupils not only study, but also live during term time, with their fellow students and possibly teachers. ... Upper class refers to the group of people at the top of a social hierarchy. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Middle Class. ...

Independent schools in England

The Independent Schools Council (ISC), through seven affiliated organisations, represents 1,283 schools that together educate over 80% of the pupils in the UK independent sector. Those schools in England which are members of the affiliated organisations of the ISC are inspected under a framework agreed between ISC, the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) and the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted). Independent Schools not affiliated to the ISC in England and Independent schools accredited to the ISC in Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland are inspected through the national inspectorates in each country.^[1] This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Independent schools in Scotland

Independent schools in Scotland educate about 31,000 children. Although many of the Scottish independent schools are members of the ISC they are also represented by the Scottish Independent Schools Council, which is the body recognised by the Scottish Parliament as the body representing independent schools in Scotland. Unlike England all Scottish independent schools are subject to the same regime of inspections by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education as local authority schools and they have to register with the Scottish Executive Education Department.^[2] This article is about the country. ... For the national legislative body up to 1707, see Parliament of Scotland. ... Her Majestys Inspectorate of Education is a body with responsibility for overseeing standards in education in Scotland. ... The Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED) is the civil service department of the Scottish Executive with responsibility for schooling. ...

Most of Scotland's independent schools are in Edinburgh or Glasgow. However, notable schools in the country include Robert Gordon's College in Aberdeen, Dollar Academy in Clackmannanshire, Glenalmond College in Perth and Kinross and Gordonstoun in Elgin. For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Robert Gordons College (known by the acronym RGC) is a private co-educational day school in Aberdeen, Scotland. ... The Playfair Building Dollar Academy is one of Scotlands leading public, or independent schools, set in the shadow of the Ochil Hills in the village of Dollar, Clackmannanshire. ... Glenalmond College (formerly known as Trinity College, Glenalmond) is the name of a co-educational independent boarding school in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, for children aged between 12 and 18 years. ... Gordonstoun House Gordonstoun (originally in full, the British Salem School[] in Gordonstoun) is a Scottish co-educational independent school. ...

Selection and conditions

Independent schools are entirely free to select their own pupils (subject to the general legislation against various forms of discrimination). Nowadays most schools pay little regard to family connections, apart from siblings currently at the school. Although some credit may be given for musical or sporting promise, the principal forms of selection are academic and financial (parents' ability to pay the high fees and costs, up to £27,500 per annum for boarding pupils). Some parents make immense sacrifices to be able to send their children to these schools, because the education is seen by them to be academically beneficial (in terms of examination league tables), and to offer cultural, social and professional advantages, as well as a wide range of sporting, musical and artistic facilities. This box:      Most broadly, discrimination is the discernment of qualities and rejection of subjects with undesirable qualities. ... “GBP” redirects here. ... Social capital is a core concept in business, economics, organizational behaviour, political science, and sociology, defined as the advantage created by a persons location in a structure of relationships. ...

Many (but by no means all) independent schools are highly selective on academic grounds, using the competitive Common Entrance examinations at ages 11-13. Scholarships are offered to attract bright pupils, sometimes approaching GCSE standard. Means-tested bursaries (scholarships) to assist the education of the less well-off, a mission which may form the historic basis of the school, are usually awarded on a competitive basis but perhaps taking more factors into account. Subsequently, there will usually be fully streamed teaching for all pupils, and regular internal examinations. Facilities for dyslexia or for gifted children are common, but other special needs may only be accommodated at the school's discretion. The Common Entrance Examinations for girls (at age 11-12) or boys (at 12-13), are academic entrance examinations common to almost all private or independent schools (often known as Public Schools) in England & Wales. ... “GCSE” redirects here. ... The term means test refers to an investigative process undertaken to determine whether or not an individual or family is eligible to receive certain types of benefits from the government. ... This article is about developmental dyslexia. ... Gifted children are those considered by educational systems to have significantly higher than normal levels of one or more forms of intelligence. ...

Independent schools, as compared with state schools, are generally characterised by lower pupil-teacher ratios and more individual teaching; longer teaching hours (sometimes including Saturday morning teaching), though shorter terms; more time for organised sports; a broader view of education than that prescribed by the national curriculum, to which state school education is in practice limited; more emphasis on individual achievement, whether academic, sporting, musical, dramatic or artistic, or otherwise; more availability of traditional academic subjects such as classics; old, sometimes unsuitable but historical buildings and traditions; an emphasis on mixing with the right people, acquiring a good accent and good connections, and inadvertently developing the 'public school ethos' - these are all things sought after by not only the top independents. The old popular image of bullying, beating and buggery, which lasted from before "Tom Brown's Schooldays" through a large part of the 20th century, is hard to eradicate. However, following the arrival of mobile telephones, by which the most protective or credulous parent can feel reassured, there has been less of it in reality^{[citation needed]}. Student-Teacher ratio refers to the number of teachers in a school/university with respect to the number of students who attend the school/university. ... The National Curriculum was introduced into England, Wales and Northern Ireland, as a nationwide curriculum for primary and secondary state schools following the Education Reform Act 1988. ... For other uses, see Classics (disambiguation). ... Bullying is the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ... Corporal punishment is forced pain intended to change a persons behaviour or to punish them. ... Anal sex or anal intercourse is a form of human sexual behavior. ... Cover of 1999 re-issue by Oxford Worlds Classics Tom Browns Schooldays, first published in 1857, is a novel by Thomas Hughes, set at a public school, Rugby School for Boys, in the 1830s when Hughes himself had been a student there. ...

School rules can be more easily enforced when a boarding pupil is subject to school discipline 24 hours a day, and indeed a gating (confinement to school boundaries) may be a punishment in itself; minor misdemeanours may attract detention in a particular place; work in the house or grounds; early rising, pre-breakfast exercise and reporting; or lines (writing out a text, a particularly gruelling task if the text is incomprehensible Greek with accents and breathings). Unlike the state sector, a child may be expelled under the school's statutes, at the discretion of the Head, primarily with a view to the wider interests of the school: the most usual causes being drug-taking, whether at school or away, or any notorious rejection of the school's values, such as academic dishonesty or violence. Pupils not expected to qualify for university might be asked to leave before the sixth form. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Historic detention cell Detention is a form of punishment used in schools, where a student is required to spend extra time in school. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In the Greek alphabet, vowels can carry diacritics, namely accents and breathings. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Academic dishonesty or academic misconduct is any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise, such as on an exam or essay, usually committed by students. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... England, Wales, Northern Ireland The sixth form, in the English, Welsh and Northern Irish education systems, is the term used to refer to the final two years of secondary schooling (when students are about sixteen to eighteen years of age), during which students normally prepare for their GCE A-level...

In England and Wales there are no requirements for teaching staff to have Qualified Teacher Status or to be registered with the General Teaching Council. In Scotland a teaching qualification and registration with the General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS) is mandatory for all teaching positions. Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) is required in England and Wales to become, and continue being, a teacher in the state and special educaiton sectors. ... The General Teaching Council for Scotland is a Scottish public body. ...

Preparatory schools

See also preparatory school (England)

In England and Wales a preparatory school, or prep school in current usage, is an independent school designed to prepare a pupil for fee-paying, secondary independent school. The age range is normally eight to eleven or thirteen, although it may include younger pupils as well. An independent school which only caters for under eights is a "pre-prep" and the junior departments of prep schools which cover the first years of schooling are also called "pre-preps".^[3] A preparatory school, or prep school, in current English usage, is a independent school designed to prepare a student for fee-paying, secondary independent school. ... Secondary education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

The Incorporated Association of Preparatory Schools(IAPS) is the prep schools heads association serving the top 500+ independent prep schools in the UK and Worldwide. IAPS is one of seven affiliated associations of the Independent Schools Council.^[4] This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

There are 130,000 pupils in over 500 schools of all types and sizes. Prep schools may be for boys or girls only, or may be co-educational. They may be day schools, boarding schools, weekly boarding, flexi-boarding, or a combination. They fall into the following general categories^[5] :

• Wholly independent prep schools, both charitable and proprietary.
• Junior schools linked to senior schools.
• Choir schools, which educate child choristers of cathedrals and some other large religious institutions; they all accept non-chorister pupils with the exception of Westminster Abbey Choir School. These schools are usually affiliated to Anglican churches, but may occasionally be associated with Catholic ones such as Westminster Cathedral.
• Schools offering special educational provision or facilities.
• Schools with particular religious affiliations.

This article contains a list of choir schools sorted alphabetically by countries. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Westminster Abbey Choir School (WACS) is a British boarding preparatory school and the only school in the United Kingdom exclusively for the education of boy choristers. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... Westminster Cathedral from Victoria Street Westminster Cathedral in London, England, is the mother church of the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales and the Metropolitan Church and Cathedral for the Archbishop of Westminster. ...

Terminology

Public school in the British Isles is a label applied to leading fee-charging independent schools in England and Wales which are members of the Headmasters' Conference. In Scotland and Ireland it is not commonly used in this sense for schools in those countries (and indeed in Scotland and Northern Ireland the phrase has long been an alternative name for council schools in the state sector). A public school (in the independent sense) usually teaches children from the ages of 11 (for girls) or 13 (for boys) to 18, and was traditionally a single-sex boarding school, although many now accept day pupils and are coeducational. The majority date back to the 18th or 19th centuries, but several are over 600 years old. Nine old-established schools were regulated by the Public Schools Act 1868, but today many fee paying schools are incorrectly referred to as public schools despite not being part of the Headmasters' Conference. Today nearly all such schools, no matter their history, tend to use the phrase "independent school" when referring to themselves formally. It is suggested that the origin of the term came from distinguishing such a public institution open to anybody who paid the fees from the education provided by private tutors. The earliest known reference to a "public school" dates from 1364 when the Bishop of Winchester wrote concerning "the public school" at Kingston, which was then part of the diocese of Winchester.^[6] This article describes the archipelago in north-Western Europe. ... Students in Rome, Italy. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... This article is about the country. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: ) is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... A boarding school is a usually fee-charging school where some or all pupils not only study, but also live during term time, with their fellow students and possibly teachers. ... Coeducation is the integrated education of males and females at the same school facilities. ... The Public Schools Act 1868 was passed by the UK Parliament to regulate nine major English boys schools. ... Arms of the Bishop of Winchester The diocese of Winchester is one of the oldest and most important in England. ... Kingston upon Thames, part of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is an ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned, and is now a lively suburb of London. ... The Diocese of Winchester forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. ...

This English usage of the word "public" contrasts with the expectations of many English speakers from around the world. Outside the British Isles people usually refer to fee-paying schools as private schools or independent schools; many would assume that the word "public" should imply public financial support. Indeed, in many countries "public school" is the commonplace name for any government-maintained school where instruction is provided free of charge and attendance may be compulsory up to certain age. In England such a school would commonly be called a state school, a local authority school, or a foundation or community school. Usage in Scotland has its own particular nuances; as in England nowadays, there is a tendency to avoid the phrase "public school" altogether, and to speak of "state schools" or "council schools" on the one hand and "private" or "independent schools" on the other. However, contrary to practice in England, the phrase "public school" is used in official documents (and still sometimes colloquially) to refer to Scottish state-funded schools. When the term is applied informally to independent schools located in Scotland some interpret the usage as an Anglicism or a parody of English usage. This article describes the archipelago in north-Western Europe. ... Private schools, or independent schools, are schools not administered by local, state, or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public (state) funds. ... State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately run schools. ... Local governments are administrative offices of an area smaller than a state. ... In contemporary usage, a parody (or lampoon) is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject. ...

The English usage dates to an era before the development of widespread national state-sponsored education in England and Wales, although Scotland had early universal provision of education through the Church of Scotland dating from the mid 16th century, and the system of education in Scotland remains separate and different from the system covering England and Wales. Some schools (often called "grammar schools") were sponsored by towns or villages or by guilds, others by cathedrals for their choir. "Private schools" were owned and operated by their headmasters, to their own profit or loss, and often in their own houses. "Public schools" often drew students from across the country to board; in the 19th-century golden era of public schools, boys from upper-class families typically began their education with home tutoring or as a day student at a local private school (what would today be called a preparatory school), and then went off to board at a public school once old enough. The Church of Scotland (CofS; Scottish Gaelic: ), known informally by its pre-Union Scots name, The Kirk, is the national church of Scotland. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Educational oversight Cabinet Secretary Scottish Executive Education Department Fiona Hyslop MSP National education budget n/a (2007-08) Primary languages English and Scottish Gaelic National system Compulsory education 1872 Literacy (2005 est)  â€¢ Men  â€¢ Women 99% 99% 99% Enrollment  â€¢ Primary  â€¢ Secondary  â€¢ Post-secondary 1,452,240 390,2602 322,980 739... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin... A guild is an association of craftspeople in a particular trade. ... In the UK and elsewhere, a head teacher is the most senior teacher in a school. ... A preparatory school, or prep school in the United Kingdom, and previously in the British Empire and so the Commonwealth in current English usage, is an independent school designed to prepare a student for fee-paying, secondary independent school (public school). ...

The term in England can be traced to the Middle Ages, an era when most education was accomplished by tutoring or monasteries. In later centuries, the landed classes educated their boys at home, with visiting resident tutors, or with the local clergyman -- that is, privately, away from the hurly-burly of the towns. In the 19th century, it became the fashion to send boys to mix with their contemporaries, that is, to be educated publicly. Public schools were independent charities, that started by often offering free education. As time passed, such schools expanded greatly in size to include many fee-paying students alongside a few charitable scholars, until they acquired their upper-class connotations. By the late 19th century, public schools were characterized not so much by the way the schools were governed or the students educated as by a very specific ethos of student life often celebrated or parodied in the novels of the day, the best-known of which is probably Tom Brown's Schooldays. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... see also Holy Orders The following terms have traditional meanings for the Anglican Church, and possibly beyond: A churchman is in principle a member of a church congregation, in practice someone in holy orders. ... Ethos (ἦθος) (plurals: ethe, ethea) is a Greek word originally meaning the place of living that can be translated into English in different ways. ... This article is about the literary concept. ... Cover of 1999 re-issue by Oxford Worlds Classics Tom Browns Schooldays, first published in 1857, is a novel by Thomas Hughes, set at a public school, Rugby School for Boys, in the 1830s when Hughes himself had been a student there. ...

Differing definitions

The head teachers of major British independent boys' and mixed schools belong to the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC), and a common definition of a public school is any school whose head teacher is a member of the HMC.^[7] It is debatable as to whether any girls' school can be considered to be a public school. Public schools are often divided into "major" and "minor" public schools, but these are not official definitions and the inclusion of a school in one or the other group is purely subjective (although a select few would be included in any list of "major" schools). Thus, in E W Hornung's book Raffles Further Adventures (1901), the following exchange takes place: "'Varsity man?" "No." "Public school?" "Yes." "Which one?" I told him, and he sighed relief. "At last! You're the very first I've not had to argue with as to what is and what is not a public school." A similar exchange takes place in "Murder must Advertise" by Dorothy L. Sayers:'"What' would you call a public shool, then?" "Eton...and Harrow" "Rugby?" "No no, that's a railway junction!"' The Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference (HMC) is an association of the headmasters or headmistressess of 242 leading day and boarding independent boys and coeducational schools in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and the Republic of Ireland. ... Ernest William Hornung (June 7, 1866 – March 22, 1921) was a British author. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Dorothy Leigh Sayers (Oxford, 13 June 1893 – Witham, 17 December 1957) was a renowned British author, translator, student of classical and modern languages, and Christian humanist. ...

Prior to the Clarendon Commission, a Royal Commission that investigated the public school system in England between 1861 and 1864, there was no clear definition of a public school. The commission investigated nine of the more established schools: two day schools (Merchant Taylors', London and St Paul's) and seven boarding schools (Charterhouse, Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Shrewsbury, Westminster and Winchester). A report published by the commission formed the basis of the Public Schools Act 1868. The Clarendon Commission was set up in order determine the state of the nine public schools in England at the time. ... In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an issue. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... For MTS Crosby, see Merchant Taylors School, Crosby. ... St Pauls School is/was the name of many schools, starting with St Pauls School in London, England, which was re-founded in 1509 to replace an earlier foundation of 1103. ... Charterhouse School (Originally, Suttons Hospital in Charterhouse), usually known simply as Charterhouse, is a famous boys English public school, located in Godalming in the county of Surrey. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... Harrow School, (originally: The Free Grammar School of John Lyon; generally: Harrow), is an independent school for boys (aged 13-18), and is located in Harrow on the Hill in the London Borough of Harrow. ... A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ... Shrewsbury School (formally known as King Edward VI Grammar School, Shrewsbury) is an independent school, located in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. ... For other uses, see Westminster School (disambiguation). ... Winchester College is a well-known boys independent school, and an example of an English public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. ... The Public Schools Act 1868 was passed by the UK Parliament to regulate nine major English boys schools. ...

Another way of determining the major public schools is to distinguish them by the players allowed to play in the Butterfly Cricket Club which was founded by an old rugbiean. Only players who came from what were and are considered the major public schools were allowed to play. The schools included Charterhouse, Eton, Harrow, Marlborough, Oakham, Rugby, Westminster and Winchester. Charterhouse School (Originally, Suttons Hospital in Charterhouse), usually known simply as Charterhouse, is a famous boys English public school, located in Godalming in the county of Surrey. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... Harrow School, (originally: The Free Grammar School of John Lyon; generally: Harrow), is an independent school for boys (aged 13-18), and is located in Harrow on the Hill in the London Borough of Harrow. ... Marlborough College is a British boarding school in the county of Wiltshire, founded in 1843 for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy, although it now accepts both boys and girls of all beliefs. ... Oakham School is an English public school in the market town of Oakham in Rutland, accepting around 1,000 students, aged from 10 to 18, both male and female, as boarders and day pupils (including about 10% from overseas). ... A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ... For other uses, see Westminster School (disambiguation). ... Winchester College is a public school situated in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, in the south of England. ...

However, the common perception of public schools is that they pre-date the 20th century and were established as boys-only schools even if they are now coeducational, with distinctive traditions and high academic performance.

Some suggest that only particularly old independent schools should be afforded the dignity of "public school". (see Lists of independent schools in the UK below)

Public Schools Yearbook

The Public Schools Yearbook published in 1889 named the following 25 boarding schools, all in England: Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

However, it notably omitted the Merchant Taylors' and St Paul's day schools that had been listed in the Act. It also omitted others, including Epsom College and the City of London School, a day school (which derived from a mediæval foundation of 1442) was reconstituted by a private Act of Parliament in 1835 and was held to be a public school by the Divisional Court in the case of Blake v City of London in 1886. Bedford School is a school for gifted students in Bedford, fifty miles north of London, England. ... Bradfield College is a coeducational public school located in the small village of Bradfield in the English county of Berkshire. ... Brighton College is an independent co-educational public school in Brighton, United Kingdom. ... Charterhouse School (Originally, Suttons Hospital in Charterhouse), usually known simply as Charterhouse, is a famous boys English public school, located in Godalming in the county of Surrey. ... Cheltenham College is a famous English coeducational independent school in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. ... An 1898 etching of the College Close Clifton College (grid reference ST569737) is a coeducational public school in Clifton, Bristol, England. ... // Dover College is a co-educational public school in Dover, Kent, England. ... Dulwich New College buildings. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... Coat of arms of Haileybury College This article refers to the school in England. ... Harrow School, (originally: The Free Grammar School of John Lyon; generally: Harrow), is an independent school for boys (aged 13-18), and is located in Harrow on the Hill in the London Borough of Harrow. ... Lancing College is a co-educational English Independent school, founded in 1848 by Rev. ... Malvern College is a coeducational English public school, founded in 1865. ... Marlborough College is a British independent boarding school in the county of Wiltshire. ... Mansion, Originally Radley Hall Radley College Chapel Radley College (St Peters College, Radley) is a famous English public school situated on the edge of the village of Radley near Abingdon in Oxfordshire. ... Repton School, founded in 1557, is one of the most famous co-educational public schools in the UK, located in the village of Repton, in Derbyshire, England. ... Rossall School is a British, co-educational, independent, day and boarding school in between Cleveleys and Fleetwood, Lancashire. ... A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ... Sherborne School is an English public school for boys in the town of Sherborne in north-west Dorset, England. ... Shrewsbury School (formally known as King Edward VI Grammar School, Shrewsbury) is an independent school, located in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. ... Tonbridge School is a British independent all boys boarding school in Tonbridge, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde. ... Uppingham School is a co-educational public school situated in the small town of Uppingham in Rutland, England. ... Wellington College, Berkshire, the national monument to the Duke of Wellington, is an English public school, which was granted its royal charter in 1853. ... For other uses, see Westminster School (disambiguation). ... Winchester College is a well-known boys independent school, and an example of an English public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. ... For MTS Crosby, see Merchant Taylors School, Crosby. ... St Pauls School St Pauls School is a boys public school, founded in 1509 by John Colet. ... The Tower and main entrance as seen from across Main Lawn The Grade II listed Tower and main building,[3] demonstrating the architectural theme of a large number of the buildings on campus. ... The red-brick City of London School beside the River Thames. ... Events The community of Rauma, Finland was granted its town rights. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Her Majestys High Court of Justice (known more simply as the High Court) is, together with the Crown Court and the Court of Appeal, part of the Supreme Court of Judicature in England and Wales: see Courts of England and Wales. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

A handful of day schools (non boarding) founded in the 19th century were widely considered to be "major Public schools" by the 20th century due to their reputation and alumni.

These included University College School (which for much of the previous century had gained infamy in educational circles as the 'Godless school of Gower Street'), however, by 1907, it was important enough for the King, accompanied by the Archbishop of Canterbury, to open the school's new site in Hampstead. University College School, known generally as UCS, is a British Independent school situated in Hampstead, north west London. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. ... Randall Thomas Davidson, by Leslie Ward, 1901. ... For other places with the same name, see Hampstead (disambiguation). ...

Similarly, King's College School, Wimbledon, founded by King's College London, quickly became recognised as an important school. Kings College School Wimbledon, or KCS, is an independent boys school in Wimbledon, south-west London. ... , This article is about the district of London. ... For other uses, see Kings College. ...

Both schools are now members of the exclusive Eton Group of Independent schools. The Eton Group consists of twelve leading independent schools (Eton College, Bryanston School, Dulwich College, Highgate School, Kings College School Wimbledon, Kings School, Canterbury, Marlborough College, St Pauls School, Sherborne School, Tonbridge School, University College School Hampstead, and Westminster School). ...

Perhaps the best way to tell if a school is a "Grand Public School" in modern times is to check an edition of Who's Who. The headmasters of the most prestigious schools have an entry there by virtue of their position. Whos Who, ISBN 0-713-662-751, is an annual British publication by A & C Black of very short biographies of about 30,000 famous and/or important Britons, published since 1849. ...

Origins of independent schools

Some public schools are particularly old, such as The King's School, Canterbury (founded c.600), Sherborne School (founded c.710, refounded 1550 by Edward VI), Warwick (founded c.914),The King's School, Ely (founded c.970), Bedford School (granted Letters Patent by Edward VI in 1552, though the original school is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1085) Westminster (founded 1179 if not before), High School of Dundee (founded 1239), Stamford School (re-endowed in 1532, but in existence as far back as 1309), Eton (1440), and Winchester (1382), this last of which has maintained the longest unbroken history of any school in England. These were often established for male scholars from poor or disadvantaged backgrounds; however, English law has always regarded education as a charitable end in itself, irrespective of poverty. For instance, the Queen's Scholarships founded at Westminster in 1560, are for "the sons of decay'd gentlemen". The Kings School is a British independent school situated in Canterbury, Kent. ... Sherborne School is an English public school for boys in the town of Sherborne in north-west Dorset, England. ... Edward VI King of England and Ireland Edward VI (12 October 1537–6 July 1553) was King of England and King of Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. ... The Myton Road frontage of Warwick School, dating from 1879 Warwick School is an independent school for boys in Warwick, England, and is reputed to be the third-oldest surviving school in the country after Kings School, Canterbury and St. ... The Kings School, a coeducational independent school in Ely was founded sometime before the Norman Conquest. ... Bedford School is a school for gifted students in Bedford, fifty miles north of London, England. ... Edward VI King of England and Ireland Edward VI (12 October 1537–6 July 1553) was King of England and King of Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. ... A line drawing entitled Domesday Book from Andrew Williamss Historic Byways and Highways of Old England. ... For other uses, see Westminster School (disambiguation). ... Events Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first ghettos for Jews Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castillian monarchy Philip II is... The High School of Dundee, informally Dundee High School (HSD or DHS), is one of Scotlands leading public, or independent schools, and the only public school in Dundee. ... // Events Births June 17 - King Edward I of England (died 1307) December 17 - Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (died 1256) Peter III of Aragon (died 1285) John II, Duke of Brittany (died 1305) Ippen, Japanese monk (died 1289) Deaths March 3 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (born 1187) March... Front of Stamford School House Main Field Stamford School is an English public school in the market town of Stamford, Lincolnshire. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ... Winchester College is a well-known boys independent school, and an example of an English public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. ... Year 1382 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... For other uses, see Westminster School (disambiguation). ...

The transformation of free charitable foundations into expensive institutions came about readily: the foundation would only afford minimal facilities, so that further fees might be charged to lodge, clothe and otherwise maintain the scholars, to the private profit of the trustees or headmaster; and also facilities already provided by the charitable foundation for a few scholars could profitably be extended to further paying pupils. (Some schools still keep their foundation scholars in a separate house from other pupils). After a time, such fees would eclipse the original charitable income, and the endowment would naturally become a minor part of the capital benefactions enjoyed by the school. Nowadays there is remarkably little difference between the fees of an ancient public school with magnificent facilities, grounds and endowments, and those of many minor public schools with little capital: effectively the capital and income from former benefactors finance superior facilities, which attract better staff and wealthy parents who may be generous in their turn. A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution, with the stipulation that it be invested, and the principal remain intact. ...

However, some do demand significantly higher fees than others, the most expensive being (in order) Winchester, Charterhouse, Cranleigh, Eton, Harrow, Gordonstoun, Cheltenham Ladies College, Cheltenham College, Dean Close, Bedales, Rugby and St John's School, Leatherhead Winchester College is a well-known boys independent school, and an example of an English public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. ... Charterhouse School (Originally, Suttons Hospital in Charterhouse), usually known simply as Charterhouse, is a famous boys English public school, located in Godalming in the county of Surrey. ... It has been suggested that Old Cranleighans be merged into this article or section. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... Harrow School, (originally: The Free Grammar School of John Lyon; generally: Harrow), is an independent school for boys (aged 13-18), and is located in Harrow on the Hill in the London Borough of Harrow. ... Gordonstoun House Gordonstoun (originally in full, the British Salem School[] in Gordonstoun) is a Scottish co-educational independent school. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cheltenham College is a famous English coeducational independent school in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. ... Dean Close School is a co-educational independent school in Cheltenham, England. ... Bedales School is a public school with a progressive ethos located in the village of Steep, near Petersfield, Hampshire, England. ... A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ... St. ...

One school which continues its charitable foundation ethos is Christ's Hospital, a boarding school in Horsham; fees are charged according to the family income (in 2005, about one third of the pupils paid less than £250 per year). Well-off families are discouraged - the number of pupils that pay the full fee (~£15,000) is limited to 6% of the School population. Millfield is a modern foundation with a significant proportion of its pupils on scholarships for those with limited means. Bluecoat School directs here. ... , Horsham is a market town in West Sussex, England with a population of roughly 50,000. ... Millfield is an independent school in Street, Somerset, England. ...

The educational reforms of the nineteenth century were particularly important under first Arnold at Rugby, and Butler and later Kennedy at Shrewsbury, the former emphasising team spirit and muscular Christianity and the latter the importance of scholarship and competitive examinations. Most public schools developed significantly during the 18th and 19th centuries, and came to play an important role in the development of the Victorian social elite. Under a number of forward-looking headmasters leading public schools created a curriculum based heavily on classics and physical activity for boys and young men of the upper and upper middle classes. A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ... Shrewsbury School (formally known as King Edward VI Grammar School, Shrewsbury) is an independent school, located in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. ... Muscular Christianity is the view of the Victorian-era English writers Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hughes (though the name was bestowed by others). ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ...

They were schools for the gentlemanly elite of Victorian politics, armed forces and colonial government. Often successful businessmen would send their sons to a public school as a mark of participation in the elite. Much of the discipline was in the hands of senior pupils (usually known as prefects), which was not just a means to reduce staffing costs, but was also seen as vital preparation for those pupils' later rôles in public or military service. More recently heads of public schools have been emphasising that senior pupils now play a much reduced role in disciplining. For other uses, see Gentleman (disambiguation). ... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: make in front, i. ...

To an extent, the public school system influenced the school systems of the British empire, and recognisably 'public' schools can be found in many Commonwealth countries. The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders  -  Queen Elizabeth II  -  Secretary-General Don McKinnon (since 1 April 2000) Establishment  -  Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926   -  Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931   -  London Declaration 28 April 1949  Area  -  Total...

Associations with the ruling class

The role of public schools in preparing pupils for the gentlemanly elite meant that such education, particularly in its classical focus and social mannerism, became a mark of the ruling class. For three hundred years, the officers and senior administrators of the "empire upon which the sun never set" invariably sent their sons back home to boarding schools for education as English gentlemen, often for uninterrupted periods of a year or more at a time.

The 19th century public school ethos promoted ideas of service to Crown and Empire, understood by the broader public in familiar sentiments such as "it's not whether you win or lose, it's how you play the game" and "the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton". Ex-pupils often had a nostalgic affection for their old schools and a public school tie could be useful in a career, so an "old boy network" of former pupils became important.

The English public school model influenced the nineteenth century development of Scottish private schools, but a tradition of the gentry sharing primary education with their tenants kept Scotland comparatively egalitarian.

Acceptance of social elitism was set back by the two World Wars, but despite portrayals of the products of public schools as "silly asses" and "toffs" the old "system" at its most pervasive continued well into the 1960s, reflected in contemporary popular fiction such as Len Deighton's The IPCRESS File, with its sub-text of tension between the grammar school educated protagonist and the public school background of his superiors and posh but inept colleague. Postwar social change has however gradually been reflected across Britain's educational system, while at the same time fears of problems with state education have pushed many middle-class parents towards public schools, which now prefer to be known as Independent schools. The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... Len Deighton (left) teaches Michael Caine how to break an egg on the set of The IPCRESS File. ... Panther edition front cover The Ipcress File was the first spy novel by Len Deighton, published in 1962. ... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin...

Many politicians of all parties, including Labour leaders Clement Attlee, Hugh Gaitskell and Tony Blair, have been products of independent schools. The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ... Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951. ... Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (April 9, 1906 – January 18, 1963) was a British politician, leader of the Labour Party from 1955 until his death in 1963. ... For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency...

In 2003 84.5% of senior Judges in England and Wales were educated at independent schools, as surveyed in ^[8].

Oldest independent schools in the UK

For a fuller listing of public and other independent schools in Britain, see the List of independent schools in the United Kingdom.

See also the List of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom.

Amongst the oldest independent schools in the UK are (chronologically): List of UK Independent Schools is an incomplete list of independent schools, also referred to as private schools, in the United Kingdom. ... This list is a work-in-progress, as it is built from various sources. ...

The Kings School is a British independent school situated in Canterbury, Kent. ... Events Saint Augustine is created Archbishop of Canterbury. ... The Kings School, Rochester is a public school in Rochester, Kent. ... Events April 13 - Sabinianus becomes Pope, succeeding Gregory I. September 13 - Pope Sabinianus is consecrated. ... Founded in the English City of York by St Paulinus of York in 627, St. ... Events April 11 - Paulinus, a Roman missionary, baptizes King Edwin of Deira December 12 - Battle of Nineveh: Byzantine Emperor Heraclius defeats the Persians Births Deaths November 10 - Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury Categories: 627 ... Sherborne School is an English public school for boys in the town of Sherborne in north-west Dorset, England. ... Wells Cathedral School is a British independent school located in Somerset. ... This article is for the year 909. ... The Myton Road frontage of Warwick School, dating from 1879 Warwick School is an independent school for boys in Warwick, England, and is reputed to be the third-oldest surviving school in the country after Kings School, Canterbury and St. ... Events Town of Warwick, England founded on the River Avon Vikings conquer much of Ireland Byzantine Empire battles with Bulgaria over city of Adrianople, which changes hands several times Reconstruction of Nanjing after a long dissertation; it marked the beginning of contemporary Nanjing City. ... The abbey gateway, now home to the schools History and Economics departments. ... Events Otto I the Great founds missionary dioceses of Brandenburg, Havelburg, Ribe, Aarhus, and Schleswig Births Deaths Categories: 948 ... The Kings School, a coeducational independent school in Ely was founded sometime before the Norman Conquest. ... Events Major volcano eruption in Mashu Japan Devastating decade long famine begins in France Byzantine Emperor John I successfully defends the Eastern Roman Empire from massive barbarian invasion Construction completed on Al-Azhar mosque in Cairo, worlds oldest Islamic university Births Leif Ericson, Norse explorer Seyyed Razi, important Muslim... Norwich School is situated in Norwich, Norfolk, England, and is one of the oldest schools in the country, with a traceable history as far back as 1096. ... Events Bernhard becomes Bishop of Brandenburg First documented teaching at the University of Oxford Beginning of the Peoples Crusade, the German Crusade, and the First Crusade Vital I Michele is Doge of Venice Peter I, King of Aragon, conquers Huesca Phayao, now a province of Thailand, is founded as... The High School of Glasgow is a co-educational Independent School now located in the Anniesland area of Glasgow, Scotland, with a role of just over 1,000 pupils between the ages of 3 and 18. ... Events March 26 - Henry I of Englands forces defeat Norman rebels at Bourgtheroulde. ... Bristol Cathedral School Bristol Cathedral School (grid reference ST582726) is a public school in Bristol, England. ... Events Henry Jasomirgott was made count palatine of the Rhine. ... For other uses, see Westminster School (disambiguation). ... Events Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first ghettos for Jews Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castillian monarchy Philip II is... The High School of Dundee, informally Dundee High School (HSD or DHS), is one of Scotlands leading public, or independent schools, and the only public school in Dundee. ... // Events Births June 17 - King Edward I of England (died 1307) December 17 - Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (died 1256) Peter III of Aragon (died 1285) John II, Duke of Brittany (died 1305) Ippen, Japanese monk (died 1289) Deaths March 3 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (born 1187) March... Abingdon School is an independent day and boarding school for boys in Abingdon, Oxfordshire. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... August 5 - Henry I becomes King of England. ... The Royal Grammar School Worcester (RGS Worcester) is one of the oldest British independent schools, founded before 1291. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... The entrance to the old buildings (no longer occupied by the school) in Hill Street Bablake School is an coeducational independent school located in Coundon, Coventry, England. ... Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. ... Wisbech Grammar School is an independent school in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire for ages five to 18. ... Year 1379 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Winchester College is a well-known boys independent school, and an example of an English public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. ... Year 1382 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Hereford Cathedral School is a co-educational independent school and member of the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference. ... Year 1384 was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Oswestry School is a British independent school for both boys and girls. ... Year 1407 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Durham School is an independent British day and boarding school for girls and boys (age 3-18) in Durham. ... // Events Council of Constance begins. ... Sevenoaks School is a consistently top-ranking English coeducational independent school, located in the town of Sevenoaks, Kent. ... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of Université de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ... The red-brick City of London School beside the River Thames. ... Events The community of Rauma, Finland was granted its town rights. ... St Dunstans College is a co-educational independent school in South East London, England. ... Events Mehmed II Sultan of the Ottoman Empire is forced to abdicate in favor of his father Murad II by the Janissaries. ... Magdalen College School is an independent school for boys located on the edge of central Oxford, England. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... Stockport Grammar School (SGS) is a co-educational independent school in Stockport, England, founded in 1487 by the 1482 Lord Mayor of London Sir Edmond Shaa. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Loughborough Grammar School (commonly LGS) is a fee-paying independent boys secondary school in Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK. It is one of three schools known as the Loughborough Endowed Schools, along with Loughborough High School and Fairfield Preparatory School. ... 1496 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Giggleswick School Giggleswick School is an independent co-educational boarding school in Giggleswick, near Settle, North Yorkshire, England. ... 1507 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... St Pauls School St Pauls School is a boys public school, founded in 1509 by John Colet. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The QEGS school logo. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Royal Grammar School is a public school in Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wolverhampton Grammar School is a Grammar school located in the city of Wolverhampton. ... Year 1512 (MDXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Nottingham High School is a leading UK independent fee-paying boys public school situated about a mile north of Nottingham city centre. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pocklington School, is a public school in Pocklington, East Yorkshire, England. ... 1514 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Manchester Grammar School (MGS) is an independent boys school (ages 11-18) in Fallowfield, Manchester, England. ... 1515 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bolton School is a public school (independent school) situated in the town of Bolton, Greater Manchester in the North-West of England. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Kings Bruton is an independent co-educational secondary school based in Bruton, Somerset, England. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... The gates of the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne Royal Grammar School, known locally as The RGS, is a long-established co-educational, independent school. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... A view of the schools cricket ground. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... Ipswich School is a private day and boarding school in Ipswich, Suffolk, England, serving pupils of both sexes from two to eighteen years of age. ... Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ... The College of Richard Collyer, or Collyers, is a coeducational sixth form college in Horsham, West Sussex, England. ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... Bristol Grammar School is a co-educational public school in Clifton, Bristol, England. ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... Front of Stamford School House Main Field Stamford School is an English public school in the market town of Stamford, Lincolnshire. ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... Berkhamsted Collegiate School is a public school in Hertfordshire, England, formed in 1997 by the amalgamation of the original Berkhamsted School, founded in 1541 by John Incent, Dean of St Pauls Cathedral, Berkhamsted School for Girls, established in 1888, and Berkhamsted Preparatory School. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... The Kings School, Gloucester is an independent school in the United Kingdom, taking students from the ages of 3-18, with around 500 students. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... The Kings School, Worcester (KSW) is an independent British Public School founded by Henry VIII in 1541. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... The Kings School, Chester is a coeducational independent school in Chester, England. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Dauntseys School Dauntseys School is a co-educational independent day and boarding school in the village of West Lavington, Wiltshire, South West England. ... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... King Henry VIII School is an independent school comprising a senior school (ages 11–18) and associated junior school (ages 7–11) located in Coventry, England. ... Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... Bradford Grammar School was founded in 1548 and granted its Charter as the Free Grammar School of King Charles II in 1662. ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Bedford School is a school for gifted students in Bedford, fifty miles north of London, England. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... King Edwards School (KES) (grid reference SP052836) is an independent secondary school in Birmingham, England, founded by King Edward VI in 1552. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... King Edwards School (KES), Bath in South-West England is a Private School providing education for pupils aged 3 - 18. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Shrewsbury School (formally known as King Edward VI Grammar School, Shrewsbury) is an independent school, located in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Leeds Grammar School was a independent school in Leeds established in 1552. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Bromsgrove School was founded in 1553 and is located in the small Worcestershire town of Bromsgrove, UK. First known as a chantry school in the Middle Ages with the earliest recorded date of 1476, it was re-established as a Tudor Grammar School between 1548 and 1553. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Bluecoat School directs here. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... King Edwards School, Witley (commonly known as KESW or KES) is a British co-educational Independent school boarding and day school in Surrey, England with approximately 480 pupils. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Tonbridge School is a British independent all boys boarding school in Tonbridge, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... King Edward VI School (often referred to as KES) is a selective Independent Co-educational secondary school in Southampton, United Kingdom. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Gresham’s School is an independent coeducational boarding school at Holt in North Norfolk, England, founded in the year 1555, a member of the HMC. // Big School, 1903, architect Sir John Simpson Greshams School was established at Holt by Sir John Gresham in 1555, during the reign of Queen... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Oundle School is a famous public school located in the ancient market town of Oundle in Northamptonshire, England. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Hampton School is a prestigious public school for boys, located in Hampton, London, England. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Brentwood School Brentwood School is a public school in Brentwood, Essex, England. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Repton School, founded in 1557, is one of the most famous co-educational public schools in the UK, located in the village of Repton, in Derbyshire, England. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Solihull School is a British independent (public) day school in Solihull, West Midlands, England. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... // Kingston Grammar School is an independent selective co-educational school in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey. ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... For MTS Crosby, see Merchant Taylors School, Crosby. ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Elizabeth College is a public school situated in the town of St Peter Port, Guernsey. ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ... Felsted School is a public school in the village of Felsted in Essex, England. ... Events March 27 — Naples bans kissing in public under the penalty of death June 22 — Fort Caroline, the first French attempt at colonizing the New World September 10 — The Battle of Kawanakajima Ottoman Turks invade Malta Modern pencil becomes common in England Conquistadors crossed the Pacific Spanish founded a colony... Highgate School is a British Independent School in London, England. ... // Events March 1 - the city of Rio de Janeiro is founded. ... A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Logo of Colfes School Colfe’s is a co-educational independent day school in Lee, London. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... // The School St Edmunds College is the oldest Catholic School in England. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... Bury Grammar School is an independent grammar school in the town of Bury in the English county of Lancashire (now Greater Manchester), that has existed since c. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Harrow School, (originally: The Free Grammar School of John Lyon; generally: Harrow), is an independent school for boys (aged 13-18), and is located in Harrow on the Hill in the London Borough of Harrow. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Sutton Valence School Independant school near Maidstone, Kent, UK. Contains around 540 pupils. ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Woodbridge School is a public school (i. ... Events March 17 - formation of the Cathay Company to send Martin Frobisher back to the New World for more gold May 28 - Publication of the Bergen Book, better known as the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord, one of the Lutheran confessional writings. ... St Bees School, private boarding school in Cumbria,England St Bees School, Cumbria, situated in a rural location on the edge of the Lake District in the village of St Bees on the Cumbrian coast, is an independent school. ... 1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Oakham School is an English public school in the market town of Oakham in Rutland, accepting around 1,000 students, aged from 10 to 18, both male and female, as boarders and day pupils (including about 10% from overseas). ... 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Uppingham School is a co-educational public school situated in the small town of Uppingham in Rutland, England. ... 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Queen Elizabeths Hospital School Queen Elizabeths Hospital (more commonly known as QEH) is an independent school for boys in Clifton, Bristol, England. ... Bold text{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style=margin-left: 15px; |- | align=center colspan=2 | Years: 1587 1588 1589 - 1590 - 1591 1592 1593 |-vdsf gno[gldw[pvkijxaiamknn csogfhbvdowkhbfkqhjkhrjkhwgfhbjkpnkfokfgok3pkpk9pjhkt9erktyujkip9kijker9thhrkg9hkitr9gtkih9t0ykltk[u0jo0iey9uhyit90ertyhige9rity9riyh9ujirtyuhjnh-4e9tyigh9thiuy0h8tyh34tu8uy8u8u8u8rtu5y8ru8thu0tru0ut0rhutuh0trhu0hseogtrhr8uyhju8t89er9te9r8fy8shit ass dick bitch fuck | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1560s 1570s 1580s - 1590s - 1600s 1610s 1620s |- | align=center | Centuries... Queen Elizabeth Grammer School, Wakefield (QEGS), was founded by [Royal Charter] of [Queen Elizabeth I] in 1591. ... Year 1591 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Stonyhurst College is a Roman Catholic English Jesuit independent boarding school near Clitheroe, Lancashire, England. ... Events May 18 - Playwright Thomas Kyds accusations of heresy lead to an arrest warrant for Christopher Marlowe. ... Emanuel School is a co-educational public school in Battersea, South-West London, England. ... Events February 27 - Henry IV is crowned King of France at Rheims. ... Map sources for Wellingborough at grid reference SP8967 Wellingborough is a town in Northamptonshire, England situated some eleven miles from the county town of Northampton. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... Whitgift School is an independent day school educating approximately 1,200 boys aged 10 to 18 in South Croydon, London in a 45-acre parkland site. ... Events February 5 - 26 catholics crucified in Nagasaki, Japan. ... Aldenham School is a public school and preparatory school located in Hertfordshire, England, near the village of Aldenham. ... For other uses, see: 1597 (number). ... Kimbolton School is a public school in the village of Kimbolton, in rural Cambridgeshire. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Blundells School is a British public school. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Downside School is a Roman Catholic Public School in Stratton-on-the-Fosse near Bath, situated next to Downside Abbey. ... Year 1607 (MDCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Charterhouse School (Originally, Suttons Hospital in Charterhouse), usually known simply as Charterhouse, is a famous boys English public school, located in Godalming in the county of Surrey. ... Events June 23 - Henry Hudsons crew maroons him, his son and 7 others in a boat November 1 - At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeares romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time. ... Batley Grammar School is a co-educational public school located at Carlinghow Hill in Upper Batley, West Yorkshire, UK. The school was founded in 1612 by the Rev. ... Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Monmouth School is a public school for boys in Monmouth, South Wales. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... The School Badge The Haberdashers Askes Boys School is a British independent school in Elstree, near Borehamwood, in Hertfordshire. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... The Perse School is a fee-paying secondary day school for boys 11–18 and girls at 16+ situated in Cambridge, England. ... Events June 2 - First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. ... Dulwich New College buildings. ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... See also Merchant Taylors School, Northwood. ... Year 1620 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Latymer Upper School, founded in 1624 by Edward Latymer, is a selective independent school in Hammersmith, west London, lying between King Street and the Thames. ... Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... Chigwell School is an English co-educational public school in Chigwell, in the Epping Forest district of Essex. ... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... Exeter School is a selective independent co-educational day school for children between the ages of 7 and 18 located in Exeter, Devon, England. ... Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ... The Red Maids School is an Independent school in Bristol. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Hutchesons Grammar School was founded by the brothers George Hutcheson and Thomas Hutcheson, in 1641. ... Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... The Maynard School is a private and selective day school for girls aged 7-18 in the city of Exeter in Devon. ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... George Heriots School is an independent primary and secondary school on Lauriston Place in Edinburgh, Scotland, with around 1600 pupils. ... // Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. ...

Criticisms

It is not a requirement in the independent sector, as opposed to the state sector, to be a qualified teacher to teach in schools. The Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) is a one-year course in England, Wales and Northern Ireland for undergraduate degree holders that allows them to train to be a teacher. ...

The former classics-based curriculum was also criticised for not providing skills in sciences or engineering. It was Martin Wiener's opposition to this tendency which inspired his 1981 polemic "English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit: 1850-1980". It became a huge influence on the Thatcher government's opposition to old-school gentlemanly Toryism. Martin Joel Wiener is an American academic and author. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (née Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 until 1990, being the first and to date only woman to hold either post. ... For other uses, see Tory (disambiguation). ...

Some parents complain that their rights and their children’s are compromised by vague and one-sided contracts which allow Heads to use discretionary powers unfairly, such as in expulsion on non-disciplinary matters. They believe independent schools have not embraced the principles of natural justice as adopted by the state sector, and private law as applied to Higher Education.^[9] The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Natural justice is a legal philosophy used in some jurisdictions in the determination of just, or fair, processes in legal proceedings. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The exclusivity of independent schools has attracted political antagonism ever since the First World War. Many of the best-known independent schools are prohibitively expensive for ordinary parents, although some are based on charitable foundations originally established up to a thousand years ago to provide free education for the talented poor, but now only offer a few competitive scholarships and bursaries. The Thatcher government introduced the Assisted Places Scheme in England and Wales in 1980, whereby the state paid the school fees of those students capable of gaining a place but unable to afford the fees. This was essentially a response to the decision of the previous Labour government in the mid-1970s to remove government funding of direct-grant grammar schools, most of which then became private schools; some Assisted Places students went to the former direct-grant schools such as Manchester Grammar School. The scheme was terminated by the Labour government in 1997, since then the private sector has moved to increase its own means-tested bursaries. Generally political attacks have been resisted by concern that there should be no totalitarian state control of education, and undoubtedly by influential 'Old Boys' (former pupils) who tend to be fiercely protective of their Old Schools. Pending the enactment of the Charities Bill, which fell at the 2004 general election but has again been passed by the House of Lords in 2005, many independent schools now make a point of sharing their sporting, musical or other facilities with the public or with local state schools, and supplementing their charitable endowments with an increased number of subsidised scholarships and bursaries. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin... The Manchester Grammar School (MGS) is an independent boys school (ages 11-18) in Fallowfield, Manchester, England. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ...

In 2005, students at fee-paying schools made up 43.9% of those selected for places at Oxford University and 38% of those granted places at Cambridge University, although such students made up only 7% of the school population (source: The Times 2 March 2006). The public schools may give a better education to their more motivated students; their antagonists argue that other children's unfulfilled potential deserves Tertiary Education. The Labour Government has brought financial pressure to bear on the universities to admit a higher proportion of state school applicants than would be obtained simply by their A-level grades and interview performance, on the basis that applicants are academically crammed by an independent school education, and receive an undue advantage from the interview system. The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ...

See also

• Boarding school
• Preparatory school
• Fee fixing scandal
• Education in the United Kingdom
• List of United Kingdom topics
• School and university in literature

A boarding school is a usually fee-charging school where some or all pupils not only study, but also live during term time, with their fellow students and possibly teachers. ... A preparatory school, or prep school in the United Kingdom, and previously in the British Empire and so the Commonwealth in current English usage, is an independent school designed to prepare a student for fee-paying, secondary independent school (public school). ... In September 2005, fifty British Independent schools were found guilty of operating a fee-fixing cartel by the Office of Fair Trading. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Shortcut: UK topics This is a list of topics related to the United Kingdom. ... School in literature Christine Anlauff: Good morning, Lehnitz F. Anstey: Vice Versa Louis Auchincloss: The Rector of Justin Alan Bennett: The History Boys E.R. Braithwaite: To Sir, with Love Sasthi Brata: My God Died Young Anthony Buckeridge: Jennings Goes to School Frances Hodgson Burnett: Sara Crewe (aka A Little...

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} ISC
2. ^ SISC Frequently asked questions
3. ^ IAPS What is a prep school?
4. ^ What is IAPS
5. ^ What is a prep school and IAPS:
6. ^ Education in History website of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames
7. ^ London based national newspapers and broadcasting media tend to use the terms private, public, and independent, interchangeably, quite often in the same article, but they usually quote membership of the HMC a criteria. Some examples:
   • Rebecca Smithers A-level student sues for £100,000 over 'grade fixing', The Guardian 7 October, 2002.
   • Jenny Booth Red tape drove me out, says Downside's head, The Daily Telegraph 13 October, 2002.
   • David Millward University eases entry rules to lure state pupils, The Daily Telegraph 19 February, 2003.
   • Glen Owen Public schools switch scholarship funds from the rich to the poor, in The Times 29 April, 2003.
   • Staff, Head attacks elite public schools, BBC 2 July, 2004.
   • Tony Halpin Public schools plead to be let off fines over fee-fixing, The Times 1 October, 2005 "The Headmasters’ and Headmistresses’ Conference of leading public schools is due to hold its annual conference next week. "
8. ^ Judges education, survey results
9. ^ Phelps...Clark...and now Rycotewood? Disappointment damages for breach of the contract to educate by David Palfreyman, at the Oxford Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies (OxCHEPS), 2003

The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article concerns the British newspaper. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article concerns the British newspaper. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Schools 'cull pupils to lift A-level rank' By Geraldine Hackett and Tom Baird in The Times
• 'To fail them all their days' By Ben Locker and William Dornan in The Times