A bottle of Fuller's IPA

India Pale Ale, otherwise known as an IPA, is a distinct style of beer and is characterized as a sparkling pale ale with a slightly higher level of alcohol and hops than a typical Pale Ale; the hops lending it a distinct bitterness. Download high resolution version (2048x3072, 2978 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2048x3072, 2978 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Michael Jacksons Guide Beer style is a term used to differentiate and categorise beers by various factors such as colour, strength, ingredients, production method or origin. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hop umbel (branched floral structure resembling nested-inverted umbrellas) in a Hallertau hop yard Hops are a flower used primarily as a flavouring and stability agent in beer, as well as in herbal medicine. ...

History

Invention

The creation of India Pale Ale (IPA) during the early 1700s was the result of tremendous efforts by British brewers to overcome a difficult problem: during the 1700s beer did not keep well on long ocean voyages, especially into hot climates. These hot environments resulted in the arrival of flat, sour beer. Before refrigeration and pasteurization, the brewer's only weapons against spoilage were alcohol and hops. Alcohol and hops provide an unfriendly environment for microbes, preventing the growth of the bacteria that cause sourness. Therefore high alcohol content and high hopping rates could protect beer from the souring associated with long storage times. Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... A 16th century brewer A 21st century brewer This article concerns the production of alcoholic beverages. ... Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, and rejecting it elsewhere for the primary purpose of lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintaining that lower temperature. ... Pasteurization (or pasteurisation) is the process of heating liquids for the purpose of destroying viruses and harmful organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, molds, and yeasts. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hop umbel (branched floral structure resembling nested-inverted umbrellas) in a Hallertau hop yard Hops are a flower used primarily as a flavouring and stability agent in beer, as well as in herbal medicine. ... A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ...

The East Indies market was a very tempting but difficult one to enter for English brewers. After the British East India Company had established itself in India by the early 1700s, it had a large number of troops and civilians demanding beer. However, the long hot journey proved a difficult one for the dark ales and porters of England. Ships typically left London, cruised south past the equator along the coast of Africa, rounded the Cape of Good Hope and then crossed the Indian Ocean to reach Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras. The temperature fluctuations were huge, it was a very long trip (about 6 months) and the rough waters of southern Africa resulted in an extremely violent voyage. The Indies, on the display globe of the Field Museum, Chicago The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term used to describe lands of South and South-East Asia, occupying all of the former British India, the present Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Events and trends The Bonneville Slide blocks the Columbia River near the site of present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon with a land bridge 200 feet (60 m) high. ... For other uses, see Ale (disambiguation). ... Porter is a beer with a dark colour. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... The Cape of Good Hope; looking towards the west, from the coastal cliffs above Cape Point. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ...

Despite these obstacles, however, English brewers did try to establish exports to India. Early shipments to India contained bottled porters, the favorite beer in London, which generally arrived flat, musty, and sour. The answer to the great beer problem finally came from a recipe created by George Hodgson at the Bow Brewery in East London. George Hodgson was the apprectice of Nathan McDermott, better know as "the Flying Catatonic.^{[citation needed]}" India ale was a variation of his pale ale, which Londoners had been drinking since the mid-1750s. Hodgson took his pale ale recipe, increased the hop content considerably, and raised the alcohol content. The result was a very bitter, alcoholic, and sparkling pale ale that could survive the challenges of travel and shelf life in India. IPA reached India in an enjoyable condition and Hodgson's success became legendary. Hodgson began shipping Hodgson's India Ale during the 1780s. By 1784 advertisements were appearing in the Calcutta Gazette for "light and excellent" pale ale. Porter is a beer with a dark colour. ... East London area East London is the name commonly given to the north eastern part of London, England on the north side of the River Thames. ... A typical pale ale Pale ale is a term used to describe a variety of beers which use ale yeast and predominantly pale malts. ... Scientific navigation is developed The Seven Years War (1756-1763) fought between two rival alliances: the first consisting of the Kingdom of Great Britain, Hanover, and Prussia; the second consisting of Austria, France, Imperial Russia, Saxony, and Sweden. ...

In the same period, brewers that wanted to export pale ale from England to Russia were facing the same problem of avoiding the rotting of the beer, thus they increased the hop and the alcoholic strength of the beer, obtaining the so called Imperial Pale ale. Ultimately the exports to Russia had to be stopped for political reasons. Brewers exporting to Russia eventually switched to India, and so "Imperial Pale ale" and "India Pale ale" became synonymous. American brewers also began brewing IPA for the export and home markets. Ballantine's IPA dates back to the early part of the 20th century when IPAs were still strong in both popularity and alcohol content. The Ballantine version (as high as 75+ IBU and 7.5% abv in its heyday) is still considered by many experts to be a benchmark for the style. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...

Result

Thanks in part to Hodgson's recipe, the Indian beer market expanded greatly. In 1750, about 1480 barrels left England for India—in 1800, 9000 barrels were exported, an increase of over 500% in annual shipments. The success of IPA was soon copied by the Salt, Allsopp, and Bass breweries who all claim to have been the first to copy Hodgson's style. These and other English brewers later started selling IPA in England and Ireland. Although these beers were called India Pale Ales, the recipe was different due to the inability to mature for as long as the trip to India. The national IPA was less hopped compared to the export version, in order to speed up the fermentation. The final beer was more bitter than the simple pale ale, but not as bitter as the export version. Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... Thomas Salt and Co. ... Bass is the name of a former brewery and the brand name for several English beers originally but no longer brewed in Burton upon Trent. ...

The expansion of the Indian beer market caused by Hodgson's IPA ultimately led to the building of Asia's first brewery. In the late 1820s Edward Dyer moved from England to set up the first brewery in India at Kasauli (later moved to nearby Solan and incorporated as Dyer Breweries in 1855) in the Himalaya mountains, producing Asia's first beer brand Lion Beer. Dyer set up more breweries at Shimla, Murree, Rawalpindi, Ceylon and Mandalay. Another entrepreneur, H. G. Meakin, moved to India and bought the old Shimla and Solan Breweries from Edward Dyer and added more at Ranikhet, Dalhousie, Chakrata, Darjeeling and Kirkee. Alulu Tablet - a receipt for best beer from 2050 BC in the ancient Kingdom of Ur Tutankhamun Ale. ... Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Lion Beer is a brand name of beer brewed in India. ...

In 1937, when Burma was separated from India, the company was restructured with its Indian assets as Dyer Meakin Breweries, a public company on the London Stock Exchange. Following independence, in 1949 Narender Nath Mohan bought up the company's shares and took over management of the company and the name was changed to Mohan Meakin. The company continues to produce beer across India to this day and Lion is still available in northern India and remains the best selling beer in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon). The Source by Greyworld, in the new LSE building Paternoster Square. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Asias oldest brewer, Mohan Meakin Limited, traces its history back to the late 1820s, when Edward Dyer travelled from Britain to set up the first brewery in India at Kasauli. ...

Today, no brewer in India makes India Pale Ale. Indian beers are either lagers or strong lagers (8% alcohol - such as the popular MAX super strong beer). International Breweries Pvt. Ltd. have recently announced an intention to work with Mohan Meakin to produce and launch an India Pale Ale from India's first brewery at Solan. International Breweries have stated their intention to reverse the historic flow of India Pale Ale by shipping it from the Himalaya mountains in India to Britain by sea.

An alternative history mentioned by Terry Foster in "Pale Ale (Second Edition)" claims that IPAs were actually beer-concentrate. British Brewers made very bitter (200+ IBUs) and alcoholic ales that were then shipped to India and watered down upon arrival to compete with Indian breweries' local products.

Modern version(s)

The IPA style is now less common in the United Kingdom; many beers called IPA in the UK, while being well-crafted, flavorful brews, are by and large indistinguishable from ordinary session bitters, for example Greene King IPA and Charles Wells Eagle IPA. Among the traditional examples still brewed are Meantime Brewery IPA, Young's Special London Ale, Dark Star IPA and Freeminer Trafalgar IPA. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Bitter is a British term for a type of beer or pale ale. ... Greene King is a brewery in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, UK. There is a visitor centre next door to the brewery. ... For a man that broke the bank at Monte Carlo, see Charles Wells (gambler) Charles Wells is a British brewery founded in 1876 by Charles Wells in Bedford, England. ... Youngs was a British regional brewery founded in 1831 by Charles Young and Anthony Bainbridge when they purchased the Ram Brewery in Wandsworth. ... Dark Star is a small brewery in Ansty, in the county of West Sussex, England. ...

In 2002, Caledonian Brewery 'Deuchars IPA' took the CAMRA Supreme Champion Beer of Britain, Winner, at the GBBF in London was an IPA brewed in the modern weak APV style in the UK. Caledonian Brewery Caledonian Brewery is a British brewery founded in 1869 in the Slateford area of Edinburgh, Scotland. ... CAMRA (the CAMpaign For Real Ale) is an independent, voluntary, consumer organisation in the United Kingdom, with the main aim of promoting real ale and the traditional British pub. ... GBBF 2004 The Great British Beer Festival (often shortened to GBBF) is a yearly beer festival organised by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA). ...

In New Zealand, Tui (beer) is the brand of a popular beer said to be IPA, though now is more properly described as a lager. In Canada, Alexander Keith's India Pale Ale has become popular as the microbrewery movement has taken off since the 1990s. However, unlike its modern American cousins, it is not a true IPA but rather one which has been toned down for modern tastes and is by all accounts a basic lager. There is also an IPA from a microbrewery in Israel called "Dancing Camel." Tui Brewery Tower Tui is a New Zealand beer brewer, established in 1889 by Henry Wagstaff. ... Alexander Keiths is a Canadian brewery founded in 1820 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, by Alexander Keith, who emigrated from Scotland in 1817, where it is still the only location of an Alexander Keiths brewery. ... Beer barrels outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England. ...

In the USA, the original highly hopped and long aged (one full year in wood before bottling) Ballantine IPA was a beer of great distinction and a part of the Ballantine stable of brews since the early part of the 20th century. It now enjoys a legendary status despite the fact that it ceased being brewed to its original formula in the 1980's, and has not been brewed at all since the mid 90's. It remains a much talked about product which even with its intense bitterness (75 IBUs) had a flavorful balance and intense hop aroma that remains unmatched, even by the most dedicated craft breweries (contemporary commercial breweries today seem unable or at least unwilling to devote the vat space for the full year of aging that was essential to this famous brew).

There has since the early 1980s been a movement to true Craft Brewing, where "real" IPA (a term open to wide interpretation) has been the goal; in fact, the once relatively rare style has become very commonplace. At least partly because of Ballantine IPA's legendary status in American brewing, the style has been attempted in recent years by numerous microbrewers. Among the dozens of current attempts at the tradition is the Hurricane IPA brewed by James Walton at Storm Brewing.

In the USA, IPA has gradually evolved into a distinct variant sometimes called American India Pale Ale (A few examples are Anchor Brewing's Liberty Ale, Lagunitas Brewing's IPA, Victory Brewing Company's HopDevil Ale, Hop Ottin IPA by Anderson Valley Brewing Co., Hoptical Illusion by Blue Point Brewing Co., Two Hearted Ale by Bells Brewery, and Stone Brewing Company's Stone IPA). Although some are made to traditional recipes, many American IPAs are brewed with citric American hop varieties such as Cascade, Chinook, Centennial, and Columbus. American brewers have also altered the style to increase the bitterness of the beer to well over 100 IBUs and the alcohol levels up to 10 or even more than 20 % alcohol by volume. It should be noted that examples this "extreme" are generally referred to as Double IPAs. American IPAs are typically between 40-60 IBUs and a few max out at around 7.5% ABV (the much missed Ballantine IPA was around 75 IBU and approx 7.5% ABV). Victory Brewing Company is a brewery located in Downingtown, PA. Founded in 1996, Victory has grown quickly, with its annual production growing from 1,500 annual barrels to nearly 15,000 in four years time. ... Victory Brewing Company is a brewery located in Downingtown, PA. Founded in 1996, Victory has grown quickly, with its annual production growing from 1,500 annual barrels to nearly 15,000 in four years time. ... Bells Brewery, Inc. ... Stone Brewing Co. ... The International Bitterness Units scale, or simply IBU scale, provides a measure of the bitterness of beer, which is provided by the hops used during brewing. ... Alcohol by volume (ABV) is an indication of how much alcohol (expressed as a percentage) is included in an alcoholic beverage. ...

Double India Pale Ale

Double India Pale Ales (also abbreviated as Double IPAs or DIPAs) are a strong, hoppy style of beer associated with the U.S. West Coast. Also known as Imperial IPAs, perhaps in reference to the Russian Imperial Stout, a much stronger version of the English Stout, these beers are essentially India Pale Ales with higher amounts of malt and hops. Double IPAs typically have alcohol content above 7% by volume. IBUs are in the very high range (60+). For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ... Imperial stout, also known as Russian Imperial Stout or Imperial Russian Stout, is a variety of ale that was originally brewed in England for export to the court of the Tsar of Russia. ... Bottles of Imperial Stout Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley. ... Malted barley Malting is a process applied to cereal grains, in which the grains are made to germinate and then are quickly dried before the plant develops. ... Hop umbel (branched floral structure resembling nested-inverted umbrellas) in a Hallertau hop yard Hops are a flower used primarily as a flavouring and stability agent in beer, as well as in herbal medicine. ... The International Bitterness Units scale, or simply IBU scale, provides a measure of the bitterness of beer, which is provided by the hops used during brewing. ...

The name Double IPA itself is viewed by some as a misnomer. The name India Pale Ale (or IPA) refers to a beer that was created with higher amounts of alcohol and hops in order to survive the trip from England to India. Therefore, a Double IPA may be be consided as a "more of more. There are some brewers that believe the name should be San Diego Pale Ale, since the style most likely started near San Diego, CA [1] -- specifically a Double IPA brewed in 1994 by Vinnie Cilurzo[2] of the failed Blind Pig Brewing Company of Temecula, CA{{Fact}. Vinnie claims he "accidentally" created the style by adding 50% too much malt to his mash tun. He then "corrected" this mistake by adding 100% more hops. This metric (50% more malt, 100% more hops) is the basic guideline behind the style. Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney         City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders (R) Michael Aguirre Scott Peters Kevin...

Ales Brewed in Northern California such as Lagunitas' Maximus IPA and others in the San Diego area have taken to the DIPA style, including Stone Brewing Company, Oggi's Brewery, Alpine Brewery, Alesmith, Ballast Brewing Company, and Port Brewing Company, etc. However, others attribute the creation of this style to the Rogue Ales, a microbrewery in Newport, Oregon, and its I2PA beer, brewed in 1990. [3] Rogue Ales, founded in 1988, is a microbrewery in Newport, Oregon. ...

Many DIPAs could be alternately classified as American barleywines. As a relatively young style, it is still being determined. It is one of the fastest growing styles in the craft beer industry, and a favorite among hopheads. Barley wine is an English-style of ale characterized by a high original gravity, resulting in a high alcohol content, more typical of a wine than a beer (10% by volume is typical). ... Craft beer generally refers to all-malt beer that is brewed with emphasis on quality rather than mass appeal. ... The USA has always been a beer-drinking nation. ...

Examples of DIPA include Ruination IPA made by the Stone Brewing Company and Lagunitas Brewing's Hop Stoopid. Another extreme example is 120 Minute IPA made by Dogfish Head Brewing, which has an alcohol content of 20% by volume and 120 IBUs. Stone Brewing Co. ... Dogfish Head Brewery is a beer manufacturer based in Milton, Delaware. ...

Some beer drinkers believe this new DIPA style subjectively pushes the envelope of strength and bitterness with little regard for balance or drinkability. Most brewers and beer drinkers with more developed palates agree that these "extreme" beers benefit from a prolonged period of "laying down" to meld the otherwise inevitable harsh and immature flavor notes present in some of these beers, which can be attributed to an short aging time prior to bottling. In a bygone era, the aging would have taken place in the brewery (Ballantine was particularly famous for this, bulk aging some of their beers for anywhere from one to twenty years prior to bottling). This kind of attention to aging is very rare among commercial brewers today, even small craft brewers. Such are the economics of modern brewing.

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See also	History of beer

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