India's Antarctic Programme opened in 1981 when the first Indian Expedition was flagged off for Antarctica from Goa. Subsequently, annual Antarctic expeditions are being sent through Department of Ocean Development / National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research (NCAOR). So far, twenty-one such expeditions have been launched including one to the Weddell Sea and one being the krill expedition to the Southern Ocean. Dr. S. Z. Quasim was the leader of the first Indian Expedition, which was launched in December 1981.
The Antarctic Ocean, sometimes called the Southern Ocean, is the watery belt surrounding Antarctica.
The Antarctic is a cold ocean, covered by sea ice during the winter from Antarctica's coast northward to approximately 60°S. Direction of the surface circulation and major surface boundaries of the Antarctic Ocean.
Along the Antarctic coast is the westward-flowing East Wind Drift.
The 23rd IndianAntarctic Expedition was launched in December,2003 from Cape Town, South Africa.
Engineers of Indian Army in the XXIII IAE were assigned a summer period logistic task to create base and the structure to house the Absolute Gravimeter at an appropriate location adjacent to Maitri building.
The establishment of National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) at Goa as an exclusive polar research laboratory by the Department of Ocean Development is a reflection of Indias sustained and far-fetched interests in Antarctic science and protection of its environment.
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