NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Indian reserve

In Canada, an Indian reserve is specified by the Indian Act as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." The Act also specifies that land reserved for the use and benefit of a band which is not vested in the Crown (for example, Wikwemikong Unceded Reserve on Manitoulin Island) is also subject to the Indian Act provisions governing reserves. The Indian Act of Canada (1876) (full title An Act respecting Indians) is an Act which establishes the rights of registered Indians and of their bands. ... Manitoulin Island is the worlds largest freshwater lake island, with an area of 2,766 square kilometres (1068 square miles). ...

Superficially a reserve is similar to an American Indian reservation, although the histories of the development of reserves and reservations are markedly different. Although the American term reservation is occasionally used, reserve is normally the standard term in Canada. In the United States an Indian reservation is land which is managed by a Native American tribe under the United States Department of the Interiors Bureau of Indian Affairs. ...

The terms First Nations reserve and First Nation are also widely used instead of Indian reserve; confusingly, First Nation also designates a group which may occupy more than one reserve. For example, the Munsee-Delaware Nation in Ontario is only one of three reserves in Western Ontario occupied by members of the Munsee-Delaware First Nation. First Nations is a common title used in Canada to describe the various societies of indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, who are not of Inuit or Métis descent. ... The Munsee-Delaware Nation No. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (French has some legal status) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total â€¢ Land â€¢ Water (% of total) Ranked... Western Ontario is a region of Ontario centred on London, Ontario. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ...

The Indian Act gives the Minister of Indian Affairs the right to "determine whether any purpose for which lands in a reserve are used is for the use and benefit of the band." Title to land within the reserve may only be transferred to the band or to individual band members. In the Cabinet of Canada, The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development really heads two different departments. ...

Reserve lands may not be seized legally, nor is the personal property of a band or a band member living on a reserve subject to "charge, pledge, mortgage, attachment, levy, seizure distress or execution in favour or at the instance of any person other than an Indian or a band" (section 89 (1) of the Indian Act). As a result reserves and their residents have great difficulty obtaining financing. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation has, however, created an on-reserve housing loan program in which members of bands which enter into a trust agreement with CMHC and lenders can receive loans to build or repair houses. In other programs loans to residents of reserves are guaranteed by the federal government. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) is a Canadian government agency. ...

Provinces and municipalities may expropriate reserve land only if specifically authorized by a provincial or federal law.

In all, there are over 600 occupied reserves in Canada, most of them quite small in area.

Few reserves have any economic advantages, such as resource revenues. The revenues of those reserves which do are held in trust by the Minister of Indian Affairs.

Reserve lands and the personal property of bands and resident band members are exempt from all forms of taxation except local taxation. Corporations owned by members of First Nations are not exempt, however. This exemption has allowed band members operating in proprietorships or partnerships to sell heavily taxed goods such as cigarettes on their reserves at prices considerably lower than those at stores off the reserves.

Some individual reserves

Ontario: Cameron Bar 13 is an First Nations reserve in the Canadian province of British Columbia. ...

Urban reserves: Asubpeeschoseewagong (Asabiinyashkosiwagong, in the Anishinaabe language), also known as Grassy Narrows #149, is an Indian reserve located 80km north of Kenora, Ontario. ... Chippewa of the Thames First Nation No. ... Curve Lake is the name of two Indian reserves 14 km north of Peterborough, Ontario. ... Islands in the Trent Waters is an Indian reserve about 15 km north of Peterborough, Ontario on islands in Buckhorn Lake, Pigeon Lake, and Stony Lake. ... Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation, or Kettle Point No. ... Magnetawan No. ... Moravian No. ... The Munsee-Delaware Nation No. ... Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation is an Ontario Indian reserve on the north shore of Lake Superior at the mouth of the Pic River. ... Six Nations of the Grand River is the name applied to two contiguous Indian reserves southeast of Brantford, Ontario, Canada – Six Nations reserve no. ... Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory is an 73 km² (18000-acre) Mohawk Indian reserve on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario, Canada, east of Belleville and immediately to the west of Shannonville. ... Wahta Mohawk Territory is an Indian reserve on the Musquash River in south-central Ontario, Canada in the District Municipality of Muskoka. ... Whitefish Lake First Nation is an Ojibwa reserve in Ontario. ...

Saskatoon is a city located in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. ...

See also

Categories: First Nations reserves | Subnational entities Country subdivision can be any type of subdividing the territory of a country. ... A political division is a geographic region accepted to be in the jurisdiction of a particular government entity. ... Outline map of Canadas Census Divisions in 2001 Note: This page refers only to subdivisions in Canada. ... A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. ... A bailiwick is the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff. ... may refer to Banner (Inner Mongolia) Sanjak Categories: Government stubs | Subnational entities ... A borough is a local government administrative subdivision used in the Canadian province of Quebec, in some states of the United States, and formerly in New Zealand. ... A sign in Linlithgow, Scotland. ... A canton is a territorial subdivision of a country, e. ... Circle is an administrative country subdivision. ... // Circuits in the common law In law, a circuit is an appellate judicial district commonly seen in the court systems of many nations. ... A panorama of Sydney, Australia at night. ... A commune is an administrative subdivision of various European and African countries, including Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Senegal, and the Scandinavian countries. ... A community as subnational entity can be found in Belgium. ... A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... Council may refer to a Local government area in Australian English Categories: | ... A croft is a fenced or enclosed area of land, usually small and arable with a crofters dwelling thereon. ... A department is geographic area of a centralized country which functions as an administrative unit. ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ... A division is a subnational entity. ... A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. ... A governorate is a subnational entity. ... A hamlet is (usually â€” see below) a small settlement, too small or unimportant to be considered a village. ... A hundred is an administrative division, frequently used in Europe and New England, which historically was used to divide a larger region into smaller geographical units. ... A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... A neighbourhood (CwE) or neighborhood (AmE) is a geographically localized community located within a larger city or suburb. ... Parish Hall of St. ... Periphery is an administrative division in Greece. ... The term prefecture (from the Latin Praefectura) indicates the office, seat, territorial circonscription of a Prefect; consequentally, like that word, is its applied in English in relation to actual Prefects, whose title is just that (or the forms it takes in other, especially Romance, languages), in the broadest sense in... This article is about political regions. ... Region can be used to mean either: any more or less well-defined geographical area of a country or continent, defined by geography, culture or history in political geography, an administrative subdivision of a country or of the European Union. ... In a broad definition, a republic is a state whose political organization rests on the principle that the citizens or electorate constitute the ultimate root of legitimacy and sovereignty. ... For information on the fictional Shire of J. R. R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings, see Shire (Middle-earth) A shire is an administrative area of Great Britain. ... Most countries with a federal constitution are made up of a number of entities called states. ... The Subdistrict is one of the smallest Political_divisions_of_China. ... Subprefecture is an administrative level that is below prefecture or province. ... A territory is a defined area (including land and waters), usually considered to be a possession of an animal, person, organization, or institution (from the word terra, meaning land). In politics, a territory is an area of land under the jurisdiction of a governmental authority. ... Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a residential community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... The term township generally means the district or area associated with a town. ... A village is a human residential settlement commonly found in rural areas. ... A Voivodship (also voivodeship, Romanian: voievodat, Polish: wojewÃ³dztwo, Serbian: vojvodstvo or vojvodina) was a feudal state in medieval Romania, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Serbia (see Vojvodina), ruled by a Voivod (voivode). ... In Australia, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an electoral area of a borough, city, council, county, district, parish, shire or town (Local Government Area). ... An administrative county is an administrative area in the British Isles. ... An autonomous (subnational) entity is a subnational entity that has a certain amount of autonomy. ... A banner (Mongolian: khoshuu, Chinese: 旗, pinyin: qí) is an administrative division of Inner Mongolia. ... An autonomous (subnational) entity is a subnational entity that has a certain amount of autonomy. ... Spains fifty provinces (provincias) are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities (comunidades aut nomas), in addition to two African autonomous cities (ciudades aut nomas) (Ceuta and Melilla). ... In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 (xi n). ... An autonomous region or autonomous district is a subnational region with special powers of self-rule. ... Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. ... An autonomous (subnational) entity is a subnational entity that has a certain amount of autonomy. ... An autonomous region or autonomous district is a subnational region with special powers of self-rule. ... In its final decades of its existence, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR), often called simply Soviet republics. ... The Capital District (or Capital-Saratoga Area) is a term that refers to four counties that surrounds the Capital of New York and includes the counties of Schenectady County, Albany County, Saratoga County and Rensselaer County. ... Capital Region is a common term for the region or district surrounding a state, provincial or national capital city. ... A capital territory is normally a specially designated territory where a countrys seat of government is located. ... A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... Outline map of Canadas Census Divisions in 2001 Note: This page refers only to subdivisions in Canada. ... In England a civil parish (usually just parish) is the lowest unit of local government, lower than districts or counties. ... A civil township is a widely-used unit of local government in the United States, subordinate to a county. ... County borough was a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom to refer to a borough or a city independent of county administration. ... A federation (Latin: foedus, covenant) is a state comprised of a number of partially self-governing regions (often themselves referred to as states) united by a central (federal) government. ... ... The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela encompass all of Venezuelas off shore islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Venezuela. ... The Federal Capital Territory may refer to: the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria the former name for the Australian Capital Territory ... Local governments are administrative offices of an area smaller than a state. ... A Local Council (LC, formerly Resistance Council -RC) is a form of local elected government within the districts of Uganda. ... A Metropolitan Borough (or Metropolitan District) is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. ... The six metropolitan counties shown within England The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level subnational entity in current use in England. ... A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. ... National Capital District may refer to National Capital District, Papua New Guinea ... The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) is a special Union Territory of India. ... National Territory is the translation of the Territorio nacional a term used for territories in Argentina. ... A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century. ... In the Holy Roman Empire, an imperial free city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the emperor only â€” as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes (FÃ¼rsten) of... An imperial province was a Roman province where the Emperor had the sole right to appoint governors. ... In the United States an Indian reservation is land which is managed by a Native American tribe under the United States Department of the Interiors Bureau of Indian Affairs. ... A regional municipality (or region) is a type of Canadian municipal government which works much like a county; the method of government depends on how it is defined. ... Following is a list of the regional county municipalites, territories, and newly amalgamated cities (villes) in the province of Quebec. ... Rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Sheep eating grass in rural Australia Rural areas are sparsely settled places away from the influence of large cities and towns. ... In local government on the British Isles, a rural district was a predominantly rural area used for local government. ... A rural municipality is a form of municipality in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. ... Sanitary Districts were established in England and Wales in 1875 and in Ireland in 1878. ... A residential area is a type of land use where the predominant use is residential. ... A residential community is a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents, as opposed to commercial businesses and/or industrial facilities, all three of which are considered to be the three main types of occupants of the typical community. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Special administrative region may be: Special Administrative Region (Peoples Republic of China), present-day administrative divisions (as of 2006) set up by the Peoples Republic of China to administer Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999) Special Administrative Region (Republic of China), historic administrative divisions set up... Special capital district is an administrative country subdivision term used for the capital areas in some countries. ... An urban area is a term used to define an area where there is an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... Urbanized area (or urban area) is a term used to define an area where there is an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... In the British Isles an urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area. ... Sanitary Districts were established in England and Wales in 1875 and in Ireland in 1878. ... This is a list of native terms for subnational entities. ... This is a list of current subnational entities, some of which may be states in the legal sense of the word, by country: See also: ISO 3166-2 country subdivision codes based on ISO 3166-1 country codes. ... The following is a matrix of the primary subnational entities. ...