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In Canada, an Indian reserve is specified by the Indian Act as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." The Act also specifies that land reserved for the use and benefit of a band which is not vested in the Crown (for example, Wikwemikong Unceded Reserve on Manitoulin Island) is also subject to the Indian Act provisions governing reserves. The Indian Act of Canada (1876) (full title An Act respecting Indians) is an Act which establishes the rights of registered Indians and of their bands. ...
Manitoulin Island Manitoulin Island is the worlds largest freshwater lake island, with an area of 2,766 square kilometres (1068 square miles). ...
Superficially a reserve is similar to an American Indian reservation, although the histories of the development of reserves and reservations are markedly different. Although the American term reservation is occasionally used, reserve is normally the standard term in Canada. BIA map of Indian reservations in the continental United States. ...
The terms First Nations reserve and First Nation are also widely used instead of Indian reserve; confusingly, First Nation also designates a group which may occupy more than one reserve. For example, the Munsee-Delaware Nation in Ontario is only one of three reserves in Western Ontario occupied by members of the Munsee-Delaware First Nation. First Nations is a common title used in Canada to describe the various societies of indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, who are not of Inuit or Métis descent. ...
The Munsee-Delaware Nation No. ...
Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal it began, loyal it remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th) - Land 917,741 km² - Water 158,654 km² (14. ...
Western Ontario is a region of Ontario centred on London, Ontario. ...
The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ...
The Indian Act gives the Minister of Indian Affairs the right to "determine whether any purpose for which lands in a reserve are used is for the use and benefit of the band." Title to land within the reserve may only be transferred to the band or to individual band members. In the Cabinet of Canada, The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development really heads two different departments. ...
Reserve lands may not be seized legally, nor is the personal property of a band or a band member living on a reserve subject to "charge, pledge, mortgage, attachment, levy, seizure distress or execution in favour or at the instance of any person other than an Indian or a band" (section 89 (1) of the Indian Act). As a result reserves and their residents have great difficulty obtaining financing. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation has, however, created an on-reserve housing loan program in which members of bands which enter into a trust agreement with CMHC and lenders can receive loans to build or repair houses. In other programs loans to residents of reserves are guaranteed by the federal government. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation is a Canadian government agency of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. ...
Provinces and municipalities may expropriate reserve land only if specifically authorized by a provincial or federal law.
In all, there are over 600 occupied reserves in Canada, most of them quite small in area.
Few reserves have any economic advantages, such as resource revenues. The revenues of those reserves which do are held in trust by the Minister of Indian Affairs.
Reserve lands and the personal property of bands and resident band members are exempt from all forms of taxation except local taxation. Corporations owned by members of First Nations are not exempt, however. This exemption has allowed band members operating in proprietorships or partnerships to sell heavily taxed goods such as cigarettes on their reserves at prices considerably lower than those at stores off the reserves.
Most reserves are self-governed under guidelines established by the Indian Act.
Some individual reserves
British Columbia: Ontario: Cameron Bar 13 is an First Nations reserve in the Canadian province of British Columbia. ...
Chippewa of the Thames First Nation No. ...
Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation, or Kettle Point No. ...
Curve Lake is the name of two Indian reserves 14 km north of Peterborough, Ontario. ...
Islands in the Trent Waters is an Indian reserve about 15 km north of Peterborough, Ontario on islands in Buckhorn Lake, Pigeon Lake, and Stony Lake. ...
Magnetawan No. ...
Moravian No. ...
The Munsee-Delaware Nation No. ...
Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation is an Ontario Indian reserve on the north shore of Lake Superior at the mouth of the Pic River. ...
Six Nations of the Grand River is the name applied to two contiguous Indian reserves southeast of Brantford, Ontario, Canada – Six Nations reserve no. ...
Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory is an 73 km² (18000-acre) Mohawk Indian reserve on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario, Canada, east of Belleville and immediately to the west of Shannonville. ...
Wahta Mohawk Territory is an Indian reserve on the Musquash River in south-central Ontario, Canada in the District Municipality of Muskoka. ...
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