The Indian space program has been set up by the government of India for the advancement of space science and technology and its application in assisting in all-round development of the nation. The program involves developing satellites (mainly communication, remote sensing, meteorological) and launch capability for placing them in orbit (now polar and geostationary). The principal agency conducting the space program is the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), under the aegis of the Department of Space, Government of India. For other uses, please see Satellite (disambiguation) A satellite is an object that orbits another object (known as its primary). ... In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the measurement or acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object. ... A satellite in a polar orbit passes above or nearly above both poles of the planet (or other celestial body) on each revolution. ... A geostationary orbit (abbreviated GEO) is a circular orbit directly above the Earths equator (0º latitude). ... The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is Indias national space agency. ...

Objectives

• develop technologies, building satellites, launch vehicles, ground systems
• use of space technologies to aid development: resource management, education, communication
• Military Applications?
• Recent thrust in Communications applications
• Commercial space operations: Antrix Corporation.

History

• Precursor: Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR)
• Setting up of the Space Commission and Department of Space(DoS), 1972
• Existing establishments brought under DoS. (ISRO, ...)
• The roles of Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan.
• The aims set out for the program.
• India's first satellite, the Aryabhata placed in Orbit in 1975 by the Soviet Cosmos-3M launch vehicle.
• India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle was the SLV-3, successfully launched in 1980 after a failed attempt in 1979.
• Manned space program, Rakesh Sharma, 1984.
• Second generation satellites
• Other significant operational milestones
• Lunar Mission Planned: Chandrayan Astrosat

• Dr. Abdul Kalam, the current President of India served in ISRO, notably as the Project Director of the india's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SVL-3).
• Cooperation with other countries: technology transfer, training, use of facilities, commercial links, satellite launches
• Relation with defence research, technology transfer denials.
• Place amongst global space programs.

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai (from NASA archive) Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (August 12, 1919 – December 31, 1971) was a great Indian physicist. ... Prof. ... Aryabhata was Indias first satellite, named after the great Indian astronomer of the same name. ... Rakesh Sharma is also an Omani cricketer. ... Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil ஏ. பி. ேஜ. அப்துல் கலாம்), born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India), usually referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, is the President of India. ...

Present

• Budgetary Allocation for the Department of Space was Rs. 2267 crore (Rs. 22.67 Billion ) for the Financial year 2003-04 [1].
• Employment statistics: ISRO employs approximately 17000 people[2]
• Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India holds charge of DoS.
• Mr G Madhavan Nair is Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation; Chairman, Space Commission; Secretary, Department of Space

Missions

• Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is a series of multipurpose Geo-Stationary satellites launched to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, search and rescue needs of India. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia-Pacific Region.

• Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites providing remote sensing services, mainly for use in natural resource management and economic planning. The first was launched in 1988.[3]
• Commercial use of IRS-1C/D
• The future versions are named based on their area of application including OceanSat, CartoSat, ResourceSat.

• Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)is an expendable launch system developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV, commercially viable only through India's Cold War ally, Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geo Transfer Orbits.

• Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) was developed to launch satellites into geostationary orbit. It is a three-stage launch vehicle with the solid propelled first stage, liquid propelled second and cryogenic final stage.
• India's quest for the Cryogenic Engine.

Image taken by INSAT 2-E Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is a series of multipurpose Geo-Stationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, search and rescue needs of India. ... Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites, mostly built, launched and maintained by ISRO of India as part of the Indian space program. ... PSLV or Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ... The GSLV or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle was developed by India (Indian Space Research Organization) to launch satellites into geostationary orbit. ...

Planned Missions

• In September 2004 ISRO announced the Chandrayan I mission to launch a remote sensing satellite to orbit the Moon, set for 2007.

September is the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with 30 days. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chandrayaan I Chandrayaan I (Means Journey to Moon (Chandra=Moon, yaan=Journey) in Sanskrit and Hindi languages) is the name for a mission of the Indian space agency to send an unmanned spacecraft to the Moon which will then take a polar orbit around. ... In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the measurement or acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object. ... A satellite is any object that orbits another object (which is known as its primary). ... Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0. ... 2007 (MMVII) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Establishments

• ISRO headquartered in Bangalore
• Launch Facilities: VSSC, SDSC and Balasore Rocket Launching Station.
• Satellites are designed and built at the ISRO Satellite Center (ISAC) in Bangalore, and sensors, payloads designed and built at

ISRO Satellite Application Center (SAC) in Ahmedabad.

• Launch Vehicles are developed at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC), at Tiruvananthapuram.
• Liquid propulsion modules, including cryogenic engines, are developed at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Center near Tiruvananthapuram.
• the INSAT Master Control Facility for satellite station keeping ("Mission Control") is in Hassan
• role of National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)
• role of Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)

ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU), Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSC), * National Mesosphere/Stratosphere Troposphere Radar Facility (NMRF).

• Antrix Corporation.

People

• Vikram Sarabhai
• Satish Dhavan :News item on Satish Dhawan
• U. R. Rao :Prof U R Rao Among Ten International Space Personalities - news item
• K. Kasturirangan :Biodata
• Abdul Kalam
• Madhavan Nair :Madhavan Nair

Dr. Vikram Sarabhai (from NASA archive) Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (August 12, 1919 – December 31, 1971) was a great Indian physicist. ... Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil ஏ. பி. ேஜ. அப்துல் கலாம்), born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India), usually referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, is the President of India. ...

External links

• Indian Space Research Organisation