Indiana limestone is a common term for Salem limestone, a geological formation primarily found in southern Indiana. Salem limestone, like all limestone, is a rock primarily formed of calcium carbonate. The limestone was deposited over millions of years as marine fossils decomposed at the bottom of a shallow inland sea which covered most of the present-day Midwestern United States.
The first Indiana limestone quarry was started in 1827, and by 1929Hoosier quarries yielded 340,000 m³ (12 million cubic feet) of usable stone. Buildings such as the Empire State Building, The Pentagon, and the U.S. Holocaust Museum feature Indiana limestone in their exteriors.
Indiana Geological Survey explanation of Indiana Limestone (http://igs.indiana.edu/geology/minRes/indianaLimestone/index.cfm)
IndianaLimestone, which is a Mississippian-age grainstone of very uniform texture and grade, has gained world-wide acceptance as a premier dimension stone.
IndianaLimestone is a freestone, which means that it exhibits no preferential direction of splitting and can, therefore, be cut and carved in an almost limitless variety of shapes and sizes.
IndianaLimestone is chemically pure, averaging 97 percent plus calcium carbonate and 1.2 percent calcium-magnesium carbonate, thus qualifying the material as a chemical stone.
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