"Twee" redirects here. For a definition of the word, see its entry at wiktionary.

Indie pop is a genre of alternative rock music that originated in the United Kingdom in the mid '80s, with its roots in the Scottish post-punk bands on the Postcard Records label in the early '80s such as Orange Juice and Josef K and the dominant UK independent band of the mid eighties, The Smiths.^[1] While the term 'indie' had been used for some time to describe artists on independent labels (and the labels themselves), the mid-'80s saw a steady increase in bands who had a pop sensibility but generally favoured a relatively simple guitar-based sound over the highly produced, synth-driven pop that was prevalent at the time on major record labels. The late '80s saw a shift in the UK independent scene towards a more 'rock' sound, with many bands evolving in this direction (e.g. Primal Scream and The Soup Dragons). At the same time, a second wave of bands emerged who harked back to the more jangly guitar pop that was so popular in 1986, a particular influence being the more poppy/jangly bands on the NME's C86 tape (e.g. The Pastels, and The Shop Assistants), and there emerged a distinction between 'indie pop' and the more US-influenced 'indie rock'. The more jangly indie pop bands later came to be referred to as 'C86' (after the tape itself) or Cutie or Twee due to what commentators called the "revolt into childhood" of its followers, or a term coined by John Peel: shambling bands. New Wave was a music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the early-to-mid 1980s. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... This article is about the genre of popular music. ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... A sunburst-colored Fender Precision Bass The electric bass guitar (or electric bass[1][2]; pronounced , as in base) is a bass stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ... Piano, a well-known instance of keyboard instruments A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a musical keyboard. ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... Music from the United Kingdom has achieved great international popularity since the 1960s, when a wave of British musicians helped to popularise rock and roll. ... The Tannahill Weavers Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music, which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century, when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to pop music. ... Wales is a part of the United Kingdom, but is a culturally and politically separate Celtic country. ... This is a timeline of alternative rock, from its beginnings in the 1970s to the present. ... Alternative music redirects here. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Independent record label founded by Alan Horne in Glasgow, 1979. ... For other uses, see Orange juice (disambiguation). ... Josef K was a Scottish post-punk band active in the early 1980s who released singles on legendary record label Postcard Records. ... The Smiths were an English rock band active from 1982 to 1987. ... In popular music, indie music (from independent) is any of a number of genres, scenes, subcultures and stylistic and cultural attributes, characterised by perceived independence from commercial pop music and mainstream culture and an autonomous, do-it-yourself (DIY) approach. ... For other uses, see Primal Scream (disambiguation). ... The Soup Dragons were a Scottish indie rock band of the late 1980s and early 1990s, named after a character in the 1970s childrens TV show The Clangers. ... For other uses, see NME (disambiguation). ... C86 is the name of a celebrated cassette compilation released by the British music magazine New Musical Express (NME) in 1986, featuring new bands licenced from independent labels of the time. ... The Pastels are a group from Glasgow, Scotland, UK. They have been described as an almost pop group. ... The Shop Assistants were a twee pop band from Edinburgh, Scotland, formed in 1983. ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... For other persons named John Peel, see John Peel (disambiguation). ...

Musically its key characteristics were jangling guitars, a love of sixties pop and often fey, innocent lyrics. The UK label Sarah Records and its most popular band The Field Mice, although more diverse than the label indicates, were probably its most typical proponents. Scenes also developed in the United States particularly around labels such as K Records. Genres such as Riot Grrrl and bands as diverse as Nirvana, Manic Street Preachers, and Belle and Sebastian have all acknowledged its influence. In the mid 80s, indie pop was criticised for its tweeness and underachievement but many now argue that its release and the birth of the genre was a pivotal moment for independent music in the UK.^[2] It continues to have a strong following and inspire musicians, not just in the UK but around the world with new labels, clubs and bands devoted to the sound. There and Back Again Lane is a genuine road name near Blackwells Bookshop, Park Street, Bristol, England Sarah Records was a UK independent record label, best known for its recordings of twee pop. ... The Field Mice were the most popular band on the seminal, cult indie label Sarah Records. ... K Records is an independent record label in Olympia, Washington, co-founded, owned, and operated by Calvin Johnson, formerly of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, The Go Team, The Halo Benders and, at present, in the band Dub Narcotic Sound System. ... Riot grrrl (or riot grrl) is an indie/punk feminist movement that reached its height in the 1990s but continues to exert influence over alternative cultures. ... This article is about the American grunge band. ... Manic Street Preachers (often known colloquially as The Manics) are a Welsh rock band often associated with the Britpop scene, who gained mainstream popularity in the UK in the late 1990s. ... Belle and Sebastian (sometimes written as Belle & Sebastian) are a Scottish paper pop band formed in Glasgow in January 1996. ...

Roots

The birth of indie pop can be traced back to the post-punk explosion in small photocopied fanzines, and small shop-based record labels, for example Glasgow's Postcard Records and London's Rough Trade Records. The publication in Record Business of the first weekly indie singles and album charts during the week ending January 19, 1980 and the adoption of such charts in the UK music press stimulated activity. To reflect this, the British musical weekly New Musical Express released an era-defining compilation cassette called C81. This cassette featured a wide range of groups, reflecting the different approaches of the immediate post-punk era. Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... A fanzine (also called a zine) is an amateur publication created by fans of a particular cultural phenomena (such as a literary genre or type of music) to address or correspond with others who share their interest. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Independent record label founded by Alan Horne in Glasgow, 1979. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Rough Trade Records, now a member of the RIAA[1], began as an independent record label, based in London, England. ... These are The Official UK Charts Company UK Official Indie Chart number one hits of 2007. ... is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a weekly magazine about popular music published in the UK. It is unlike many other popular music magazines due to its intended focus on guitar-based music and indie rock bands, instead of mainstream pop acts. ... The NME C81 Cassette Sleeve C81 was a cassette given away with the British magazine New Musical Express in 1981 (hence (C)assette 81) and released in conjunction with the record label Rough Trade. ...

History

5 years on NME followed up C81 with C86. Similarly designed to reflect the new music scene of the time in the UK, it is now seen as the birth of "indie" in the UK. The UK music press, in this period, was extremely competitive with 4 weekly papers documenting new bands and trends and the grouping of bands, often artificially, with an overarching label to heighten interest or sell copies was commonplace. NME journalists of the period now agree that C86 was a typical example but also a by product of NME's "hip hop wars";^[3] a schism on the paper (and amongst readers) between enthusiasts of the contemporary progressive black music such as Public Enemy and Mantronix and the fans of traditional white rock. C86 is the name of a celebrated cassette compilation released by the British music magazine New Musical Express (NME) in 1986, featuring new bands licenced from independent labels of the time. ... Public Enemy, also known as PE, is a hip hop group from Long Island, New York, known for their politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community. ... Mantronix was an innovative and influential 1980s old school hip-hop and electro funk music group led by DJ and keyboardist-programmer Kurtis Mantronik (Kurtis el Khaleel), and MC MC Tee (Touré Embden). ...

Featuring key early bands of the genre such as The Pastels, The Shop Assistants and Primal Scream, the tape, despite its subsequent notoriety, also featured bands with a much harder punkier shambling sound featuring tracks from as many as 5 bands from the Ron Johnson label; Their loud quirkiness was completely at odds with the Byrdsy guitars and fey melodies of what came to be known as 'C86' bands. The Pastels are a group from Glasgow, Scotland, UK. They have been described as an almost pop group. ... The Shop Assistants were a twee pop band from Edinburgh, Scotland, formed in 1983. ... For other uses, see Primal Scream (disambiguation). ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Ron Johnson Records was an UK independent record label operating between 1983 and 1988. ... L-R: David Crosby, Gene Clark, Michael Clarke, Chris Hillman, Roger McGuinn The Byrds were an American rock music group founded in Los Angeles, California in 1964 by singers and guitarists Jim McGuinn (he later changed his name to Roger McGuinn), Gene Clark, and David Crosby. ...

Over time the cassette became a shorthand for a movement within the British indie scene, often derided for its twee or "cuteness", jangly guitars, the bowl haircuts of its singers and asexual looks of its followers. This was applied to bands whether they had been on the tape or not such as The June Brides and Biff Bang Pow!. Some later became associated with the sound but had yet to emerge such as Talulah Gosh, Razorcuts or the BMX Bandits who in 1990 released an album called C86. The entire Sarah Records roster was dogged with associations with C86 and later as "Sarah bands" although the label's first release wasn't until 1987. In popular music, indie music (from independent) is any of a number of genres, scenes, subcultures and stylistic and cultural attributes, characterised by perceived independence from commercial pop music and mainstream culture and an autonomous, do-it-yourself (DIY) approach. ... The June Brides were an English pop music group, formed in Coventry in 1983, by Phil Wilson and Simon Beesley of International Rescue. ... Biff Bang Pow! were an indie pop band from London, England, active between 1983 and 1991, centring around Creation Records boss Alan McGee. ... Talulah Gosh were a guitar-pop group from Oxford, England and one of the leading bands of the twee pop movement, taking their name from the headline of an NME interview with Clare Grogan. ... Razorcuts were an indie pop band formed in 1985 in London. ... BMX Bandits is a Scottish 1960s-influenced guitar pop band who have been making music from 1986 to the present day. ... This article is about the year. ... There and Back Again Lane is a genuine road name near Blackwells Bookshop, Park Street, Bristol, England Sarah Records was a UK independent record label, best known for its recordings of twee pop. ...

Talulah Gosh are often cited as an archetypal C86/Indie pop band but emerged after the tape was compiled.

A link between a genre and the C86 tape is often disputed by journalists and the bands on the tape. Everett True has argued that "C86 didn't actually exist as a sound, or style. I find it weird, bordering on surreal, that people are starting to use it as a description again".^[4] Geoff Taylor from Age of Chance agreed. "We never considered ourselves part of any scene. I’m not sure that the public at large did either, to be honest We were just an independent band around at that same time as the others."^[5] Bob Stanley acknowledges that participants at the time reacted against lazy labelling but insists they shared an approach; Image File history File links Talulahgosh. ... Image File history File links Talulahgosh. ... Talulah Gosh were a guitar-pop group from Oxford, England and one of the leading bands of the twee pop movement, taking their name from the headline of an NME interview with Clare Grogan. ... Age Of Chance were an alternative rock-dance crossover band from Leeds, England active from 1985 to 1992. ...

Of course the "scene", like any scene, barely existed. Like squabbling Marxist factions, groups who had much in common built up petty rivalries. The June Brides and the Jasmine Minks were the biggest names at Alan McGee's Living Room Club and couldn't stand the sight of each other. Only when the Jesus and Mary Chain exploded and stole their two headed crown did they realise they were basically soulmates.^[6]

Nicky Wire remembers that it was the bands' very independence that gave the scene coherence; "People were doing everything themselves: making their own records, doing the artwork, gluing the sleeves together, releasing them and sending them out, writing fanzines because the music press lost interest really quickly."^[7] This articles trivia section has too much trivia. ...

Influences

Simon Reynolds talking about the political/cultural aspect of the scene referred to a "revolt into childhood". Style magazine i-D in an article from 1986 similarly concluded that the followers of the genre had an ingenuous devotion. Simon Reynolds (born 1963 in London), is an influential British music critic who is well-known for his writings on electronic dance music and for coining the term post-rock. ... i-D is a British magazine dedicated to fashion, music, art and youth culture. ...

Childlike innocence and assumed naivety permeate the Cutie scene – their clothes are asexual, their haircuts are fringes, their colours are pastel. Cuties like Penguin modern classics, sweets, ginger beer, vegetables, and anoraks. Heroes include Christopher Robin…Buzzcocks and The Undertones.^[8] Christopher Robin is a character created by A. A. Milne. ... For the panel game, see Never Mind the Buzzcocks. ... The picture cover of The Undertones 1979 Youve Got My Number (Why Dont You Use It!) single The Undertones are a Northern Irish rock band formed in Derry, Northern Ireland in 1975. ...

Rather more caustically, David Stubbs, in a derogatory Melody Maker review of the C86 tape, claimed that these were bands "for whom Camberwick Green is a sort of Palestine" David Stubbs is a British journalist. ... This article is about the music newspaper. ... Windy Miller Camberwick Green (1966) is a British childrens television series, originally seen on BBC One, featuring stop-motion puppets. ... A 2003 satellite image of the region. ...

Musically in his book Time Travel, pop historian Jon Savage traced the origins of C86 and Indie Pop to the Velvet Underground's eponymous third album but perhaps a more obvious musical influence however was the pop side of post punk rock: bands such as The Television Personalities, the Swell Maps and Dolly Mixture and the quirky childlike lyrics of Jonathan Richman. C86 was also rooted in the Scottish post-punk bands of the early 1980s on the independent Postcard label: Orange Juice, Aztec Camera, The Fire Engines and Josef K (although those bands soul/funk/disco influences were usually forgotten). Other influences were the DIY punk ethic represented by fanzines from the period such as The Legend!, Are You Scared To Get Happy?, Baby Honey, Rox, Simply Thrilled, Pure Popcorn and Hungry Beat! who often featured flexis of bands who then became associated with C86. The movement continued to hold sway into the 1990s with many of the riot grrl bands citing C86 as an influence and finally reached a commercial peak with the success of Belle and Sebastian. The most significant punk rock influences are the The Undertones, Buzzcocks and The Ramones, who had catchy pop melodies in their songs. This article is about the genre of popular music. ... Jon Savage real name Jonathan Sage (born 1953) is a writer, broadcaster and music journalist, best known for his award winning history of the Sex Pistols and punk music, Englands Dreaming (1991). ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... The Velvet Underground and Nico (from left to right: John Cale, Nico, Lou Reed, Sterling Morrison, and Maureen Tucker) The Velvet Underground (Affectionately known as The Velvets, or V.U. for short) was an American rock and roll band of the late 1960s. ... The Velvet Underground is the eponymous third album by The Velvet Underground, their first with Doug Yule, John Cales replacement. ... Post-punk was a popular musical movement beginning at the end of the 1970s, following on the heels of the initial punk rock explosion of the mid 1970s. ... Television Personalities is an English post-punk group with a varying line up. ... Swell Maps were an experimental English rock group of the 1970s from Birmingham, that foreshadowed the birth of post-punk. ... The cover of the Dolly Mixtures 1995 re-release of Demonstration Tapes double-album (originally released in 1983) Dolly Mixture was a British new wave band formed in 1978 by bassist and vocalist Debsey Wykes, guitarist Rachel Bor, and drummer Hester Smith. ... Jonathan Richman (born 16 May 1951) is an American proto-punk musician. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Independent record label founded by Alan Horne in Glasgow, 1979. ... For other uses, see Orange juice (disambiguation). ... Aztec Camera was a Scottish New Wave music band from Glasgow. ... The Fire Engines are a post punk band from Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Josef K was a Scottish post-punk band active in the early 1980s who released singles on legendary record label Postcard Records. ... For other uses, see Soul (disambiguation). ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... This article is about the music genre. ... The DIY punk ethic refers to the idea of doing it yourself, i. ... Are You Scared To Get Happy? was an influential music fanzine published from Bristol, United Kingdom between 1985 and 1987 by Matt Haynes, later the co-founder of Sarah Records. ... This article is about the year. ... Riot grrl (also frequently spelled riot grrrl) is a form of hardcore punk rock music, known for its militant feminist stance. ... Belle and Sebastian (sometimes written as Belle & Sebastian) are a Scottish paper pop band formed in Glasgow in January 1996. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... The picture cover of The Undertones 1979 Youve Got My Number (Why Dont You Use It!) single The Undertones are a Northern Irish rock band formed in Derry, Northern Ireland in 1975. ... For the panel game, see Never Mind the Buzzcocks. ... The Ramones (L-R, Johnny, Tommy, Joey, Dee Dee) on the cover of their debut self-titled album (1976), cementing their place at the dawn of the punk movement. ...

Twee pop and indie pop in the US

In the United States, a similar revolution in underground pop had been taking place in Olympia, Washington. Beat Happening, an indie band fronted by Calvin Johnson and Heather Lewis, who additionally started a record label called K Records, led this "revolution." Their aesthetic was quite similar to their British cohorts, with hand-drawn photocopied sleeves and stripped-down instrumentation playing pure pop gems that were well out of step with the then-current hardcore punk scene. The first Beat Happening record, on K, was released in 1985. Other labels sprang up across the country, including Bus Stop (Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, from 1987); Picturebook (Barrington, Illinois, from 1987), Harriet (Cambridge, Massachusetts, from 1989) and Slumberland (Silver Spring, Maryland, from 1989, later California), bringing together the American sound of Beat Happening, which was a little rawer and more pared-down, with the British indie pop of Sarah and others, which was sometimes softer, more harmonious, and more twee. Important groups included Tiger Trap and Honeybunch. Coordinates: , Country State County Thurston Incorporated January 28, 1859 Government  - Mayor Mark Foutch Area  - Total 18. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... Beat Happening was a 1980s twee pop band, the most popular of International Pop Undergrounds roster of influential alternative rock stars. ... For other people with this name, see Calvin Johnson. ... K Records is an independent record label in Olympia, Washington, co-founded, owned, and operated by Calvin Johnson, formerly of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, The Go Team, The Halo Benders and, at present, in the band Dub Narcotic Sound System. ... Harriet, 2002 Harriet is a Galápagos tortoise believed to be, at an estimated 175 years, the oldest known living animal in the world. ... Slumberland Records is a United States independent record label formed in 1989 in Washington, D.C.. The label has released recordings from artists including Velocity Girl, Honeybunch, The Lilys, Stereolab, St. ... Tiger Trap was an all-female twee-pop foursome composed of high school friends Angie Loy and Rose Melberg, with Heather Dunn and Jen Bruan. ...

A punk-influenced variant of indie pop, prominent in the mid-1990s, was dubbed "cuddlecore". Led by bands such as cub, Bunnygrunt and Maow, cuddlecore was marked by harmony vocals and pop melodies atop a punk-style musical backing. Cuddlecore bands were usually, although not always, all-female and essentially represented a more pop-oriented variation on the then-current riot grrrl scene. For the band, see 1990s (band). ... cub (not capitalized) was an indie rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia which formed in 1992 and disbanded in 1997. ... Bunnygrunt are an American indie pop band from St. ... Maow was a Canadian indie rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia. ... Riot grrrl (or riot grrl) is an indie/punk feminist movement that reached its height in the 1990s but continues to exert influence over alternative cultures. ...

In the United States indie pop is also commonly known as twee or twee pop. The term has been rejected and then adopted by many of the bands whose sound has been described this way. This has spawned inside jokes like the T-shirts that read "Twee as Fuck" or "Twee Fucker".^[9] In 2002 Tullycraft recorded the track "Twee," featuring the line "Fuck me, I'm twee." Disenchanted Hearts Unite Album Cover Tullycraft is an American twee pop band formed by the members of two now defunct bands, Crayon and Wimp Factor 14. ...

International

In addition to the United Kingdom and the United States, there has been a significant school of bands since 1985 in New Zealand, recording for Flying Nun Records, most notably the trio of The Bats, The Chills, and The Clean. Instantly recognizable for their insistent jangle-guitar strums and sweet, high male choirboy voices, these bands were the model for much of what followed in other countries. Not just English-speaking countries, either; France, Germany, Sweden, Japan, Philippines, Greece, Spain, Canada, Peru and Mexico all have significant indie pop scenes. Elefant Records (Spain) and Summershine Records (Australia) are notable labels in the international development of indie pop. Flying Nun Records is probably the most influential independent record label in New Zealand. ... The Bats are an influential New Zealand rock band formed in 1982 in Christchurch by Paul Kean (bass), Malcolm Grant (drums), Robert Scott (guitar, vocals) and Kaye Woodward (vocals, other instruments). ... Taking a leaf out of the Beatles Help!, the Chills signal COLD in semaphore on the cover of their first studio album. ... The Clean were an influential first-wave punk band that formed in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1978. ...

Today

In 2004 the UK focused Rough Trade Shops compilation Indiepop Vol 1 effectively documented the history of the sound acknowledging that it pre- and post-dated 1986. Labels such as Matinee, Shelflife Records, Siesta and websites like Indiepages, Twee.net and Indie-MP3: Keeping C86 Alive continue to be influenced by the C86/indie pop sound. As well as releasing or showcasing tracks from new bands, they have reissued and repackaged much of the material produced at the time. British clubs such as How Does it Feel to be Loved?^[10] continue to air tracks from the tape and is dedicated to indiepop from 20 years ago and today. It is Sweden, however, where the sound has most taken hold with a raft of labels and new bands such as I'm from Barcelona claiming C86 and Sarah records as their inspiration.^[11] Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Shelflife Records is a Portland and Seattle based independent record label run by Ed Mazzucco and Matthew Bice and has produced such bands as Language of Flowers, Acid House Kings, and The Radio Dept. ... Im From Barcelona is an indie-pop act from Jönköping, Sweden, best known for its 29 band members and eclectic mix of instruments such as clarinets, saxophones, flutes, trumpets, banjos, accordions, kazoos, guitars, drums, and keyboards among others. ...

See also

• List of indie pop artists
• Riot Grrrl
• DIY punk ethic
• Fanzine
• Indie rock
• Sarah Records
• Northern Soul

This is a list of indie pop artists. ... Riot grrrl (or riot grrl) is an indie/punk feminist movement that reached its height in the 1990s but continues to exert influence over alternative cultures. ... The DIY punk ethic refers to the idea of doing it yourself, i. ... A fanzine (see also: zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre) for the pleasure of others who share their interest. ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... There and Back Again Lane is a genuine road name near Blackwells Bookshop, Park Street, Bristol, England Sarah Records was a UK independent record label, best known for its recordings of twee pop. ... The Verve see A Northern Soul This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

External links

• Radio Indie - Indie radio
• C86 Profile - Indie C86 Archives Blog
• Rough Trade - Indiepop Vol1 Tracklisting
• Creation Records - Indie History 1983-2000
• Pitchfork Media - Article archiving the history of Indie Pop

Notes

is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Alternative Music

Articles and books

• Bladh, Krister Everything went Pop!, C86 and more, A wave and its rise and wake (pdf) 2005
• Cavanagh, David The Creation Records Story: My Magpie Eyes Are Hungry for the Prize (Virgin Books, 2000) ISBN 1-85227-775-0
• "Fire Escape Talking","Anoraky in the UK,C86, the punk that refuses to die" ("Fire Escape Talking blog", July 7, 2006)
• Fitchett, Alastair, C86 (Tangents Blog, July 25, 2005)
• Hann, Michael Fey City Rollers (The Guardian, 13th October 2004)
• Hasted, Nick "How an NME cassette launched indie music" ("The Independent", October 27, 2006)
• Pearce, Kevin A Different Story; The Ballad of the June Brides(Tangents, March 2001)
• Reynolds, Simon Rip It Up and Start Again: Post Punk 1978-1984 (Faber and Faber, 2005) ISBN 0-571-21569-6
• Reynolds, Simon The C86 Indie Scene is back (Time Out, Oct 23 2006)
• Rogers, Jude Smells like Indie Spirit (The Observer, July 8, 2007)
• Stanley, Bob, Where were you in C86? (The Times October 20, 2006)
• True, Everett C86 Q&A(Plan B Blog July 22, 2005)
• Wire, Nicky The Birth of Uncool(The Guardian, October 25, 2006)