Indonesian National Party (Partai Nasional Indonesia/PNI) is the oldest political party in Indonesia, established on 4 July 1927. The party won the first Indonesian General Election in 1955. The first Indonesian General Election was participated by more than 30 political parties. Together with PNI, Masyumi, Nadhatul Ulama (NU), and Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) were largest political parties in 1955.

The big name of PNI was shading together with the fall of Soekarno, first President of the Repulic of Indonesia in 1966. The Golkar, political party established by General Soeharto was dominating the Indonesian politics until the fall of Soeharto's regime in 1998. In 1999 General Election called by President B.J. Habibie, PNI did not manage to secure any single seats in national parliament.

After the eleventh National Congress of PNI in Jakarta on 6 July 2000, Sukmawati Soekarnoputri, one of Soekarno's daughters committed to reinstate the big name of PNI in Indonesian politics by participating in 2004 General Election with the new name PNI Marhaenisme. PNI Marhenisme held its first National Congress on 27-28 September 2003.

In 2004 General Election, PNI Marhaenisme managed to gain 0.81% votes which gave the party one seat in national parliament. The Indonesian parliament (DPR) formed after 2004 General Election was dominated by Golkar with 128 seats, followed by PDIP (1999 GE winner led by Megawati Soekarnoputri) with 109 seats.