A Boeing employee speaks at a trade union rally The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x3456, 1106 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Labor relations Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x3456, 1106 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Labor relations Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
The Boeing Company (NYSE: BA, TYO: 7661) is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William Edward Boeing. ...
For other uses, see Management (disambiguation). ...
A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers. ...
Labor relations is an important factor in analyzing "varieties of capitalism", such as neocorporatism (or corporatism), social democracy, and neoliberalism (or liberalism). For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ...
Historically, corporatism or corporativism (Italian: corporativismo) refers to a political or economic system in which power is given to civic assemblies that represent economic, industrial, agrarian, social, cultural, and professional groups. ...
Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ...
For the school of international relations, see Neoliberalism in international relations. ...
Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ...
Labor relations can take place on many levels, such as the "shop-floor", the regional level, and the national level. The distribution of power amongst these levels can greatly shape the way an economy functions.
Another key question when considering systems of labor relations is their ability to adapt to change. This change can be technological (e.g., "What do we do when an industry employing half the population becomes obsolete?"), economic (e.g., "How do we respond to globalization?"), or political (e.g., "How dependent is the system on a certain party or coalition holding power?"). This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The rise of multinational corporations and outsourcing have played a crucial part in globalization. ...
Governments set the framework for labor relations through legislation and regulation. Usually, employment law would cover issues such as minimum wages and wrongful dismissal. Legislation (or statutory law) is law which has been promulgated (or enacted) by a legislature or other governing body. ...
Employment law is the branch of the law that deals with employment related issues. ...
The minimum wage is the minimum rate a worker can legally be paid (usually per hour) as opposed to wages that are determined by the forces of supply and demand in a free market. ...
Wrongful dismissal is an idiom and legal phrase, describing a situation in which an employees contract of employment has been terminated by the employer in circumstances where the termination breaches one or more terms of the contract of employment, or a statute provision in employment law. ...
Industrial relations is the equivalent term in Australia, though in recent years the term workplace relations has also become common. This has become a prominent issue of late as the Coalition Government introduced the WorkChoices policy, a further deregulation of the labour market. The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party. ...
WorkChoices, or the Workplace Relations Act 1996 as amended by the Workplace Relations Amendment (Workchoices) Act 2005, came into effect in March 2006. ...
Deregulation is the process by which governments remove, reduce, or simplify restrictions on business and individuals in order to (in theory) encourage the efficient operation of markets. ...
Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning of the market for labour. ...
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Organized Labour |
 | | The Labour Movement | | New Unionism · Proletariat | | Social Movement Unionism | | Syndicalism · Socialism | | Labour timeline | | Labour Rights | | Child labor · Eight-hour day | | Occupational safety and health | | Collective bargaining | | Trade Unions | | Trade unions by country | | Trade union federations | | International comparisons | | ITUC · WFTU · IWA | | Strike Actions | | Chronological list of strikes | | General strike · Sympathy strike | | Sitdown strike · Work-to-rule | | Trade Unionists | | César Chávez · Samuel Gompers | | Jimmy Hoffa · A. Philip Randolph | | Ken Saro-Wiwa · Lowell girls | | James Larkin · Bob White more names Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and political governments, in particular through the implementation of specific laws governing labor relations. ...
New Unionism is a term which has been used twice in the history of the labour movement, both times involving moves to broaden the union agenda. ...
The proletariat (from Latin proles, offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is proletarian. ...
Social Movement Unionism is a trend of theory and practice in contemporary trade unionism. ...
Syndicalism refers to a set of ideas, movements, and tendencies which share the avowed aim of transforming capitalist society through action by the working class on the industrial front. ...
Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community[1] for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ...
Timeline of organized labor history 1790s - 1800s - 1810s - 1820s - 1830s - 1840s - 1850s - 1860s - 1870s - 1880s - 1890s - 1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1797 (United States) Profit sharing originated at Albert Gallatins glass works in New Geneva, Pennsylvania. ...
Labor rights or workers rights are a group of legal rights and claimed human rights having to do with labor relations between workers and their employers, usually obtained under labor and employment law. ...
is the employment of children under an age determined by law or custom. ...
The 8-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement (a. ...
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. ...
A Collective agreement is a labor contract between an employer and one or more unions. ...
A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers. ...
This is a list of trade unions and union federations by country. ...
This is a list of federations of trade unions. ...
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is the worlds largest trade union federation. ...
The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ...
The International Workers Association (IWA) (Spanish: AIT - Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores, and in German: IAA-Internationale ArbeiterInnen Assoziation) is an international anarcho-syndicalist federation of various labour unions from different countries. ...
Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by employees to perform work. ...
The following is a list of deliberate absence from work related to specific working conditions (strikes) or due to general unhappiness with the political order (general strikes). ...
A general strike is a strike action by an entire labour force in a city, region or country. ...
A sympathy strike is a labour strike that is initiated by workers in one industry and supported by workers in a separate but related industry. ...
A sitdown strike is a form of civil disobedience in which an organized group of workers, usually employed at a factory or other centralized location, take possession of the workplace by sitting down at their stations, effectively preventing their employers from replacing them with scab labor or, in some cases...
Work-to-rule is a job action in which employees do no more than the minimum required by the rules of a workplace, and follow safety or other regulations to the letter in order to cause a slowdown. ...
A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers. ...
César Estrada Chávez (March 31, 1927 – April 23, 1993) was a Mexican American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers. ...
Samuel Gompers (January 27, 1850[1] - December 13, 1924) was an American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. ...
For other uses, see Hoffa (disambiguation). ...
Asa Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 – May 16, 1979) was a prominent twentieth century African-American civil rights leader and founder of the first black labor union in the United States. ...
Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa (October 10, 1941 - November 10, 1995) was a Nigerian author, television producer and environmental activist. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Statue of James Larkin on OConnell Street, Dublin (OisÃn Kelly 1977) James (Big Jim) Larkin (Irish: Séamas Ó Lorcáin)(1874-1947), an Irish trade union leader and socialist activist, was born in Liverpool, England on 28 January 1874, of Irish parents. ...
Binomial name Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bobwhite Quail or Northern Bobwhite, Colinus virginianus, is a ground_dwelling bird native to North America. ...
| | Academic Disciplines | | Labour in economics | | Labour history (discipline) | | Industrial relations | | Labour law | | This Box | | view • talk • edit | In classical economics and all micro-economics labour is a measure of the work done by human beings and is one of three factors of production, the others being land and capital. ...
Labor history (or labour history) is a broad field of study concerned with the development of the labor movement and the working class. ...
This article is in need of attention. ...
Perspective theories
When studying the theories of industrial relations, there are three major perspectives that contrast in their approach to the nature of workplace relations. The three views are generally described as the unitary, pluralist and Marxist perspectives. The Marxist perspective is sometimes referred to as the Conflict Model. Each offers a particular perception of workplace relations and will therefore interpret such events as workplace conflict, the role of trade unions and job regulation very differently.
Unitary perspective In unitarism, the organisation is perceived as an integrated and harmonious whole with the ideal of "one happy family", where management and other members of the staff all share a common purpose, emphasising mutual cooperation. Furthermore, unitarism has a paternalistic approach where it demands loyalty of all employees, being predominantly managerial in its emphasis and application.
Consequently, trade unions are deemed as unnecessary since the loyalty between trade unions and organisations are considered mutually exclusive, where there can't be two sides of industry. Conflict is perceived as disruptive and the pathological result of agitators, interpersonal friction and communication breakdown.
Pluralistic perspective In pluralism the organisation is perceived as being made up of powerful and divergent sub-groups, each with its own legitimate loyalties and with their own set of objectives and leaders. In particular, the two predominant sub-groups of in the pluralistic perspective are the management and trade unions.
Consequently, the role of management would lean less towards enforcing and controlling and more toward persuasion and co-ordination. Trade unions are deemed as legitimate representatives of employees, conflict is dealt by collective bargaining and is viewed not necessarily as a bad thing and if managed could in fact be channeled towards evolution and positive change.
Marxist Perspective This view of industrial relations looks the nature of the capitalist society, where there is a fundamental division of interest between capital and labour, and sees workplace relations against this background. This perspective sees inequalities of power and economic wealth as having their roots in the nature of the capitalist economic system. Conflict is therefore seen as inevitable and trade unions are a natural response of workers to their exploitation by capital. Whilst there may be periods of acquiescence, the Marxist view would be that institutions of joint regulation would enhance rather than limit management's position as they presume the continuation of capitalism rather than challenge it.
See also Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Economic and finance related The rise of multinational corporations and outsourcing have played a crucial part in globalization. ...
Specialization, also spelled Specialisation, is an important way to generate propositional knowledge, by applying general knowledge, such as the theory of gravity, to specific instances, such as when I release this apple, it will fall to the floor. Specialization is the opposite of generalization. ...
The tertiary sector of industry, also called the service sector or the service industry, is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing and primary goods production such as agriculture), and primary industry (extraction such as mining and fishing). ...
The secondary sector of industry is the manufacturing sector of industry. ...
Employment related A Collective agreement is a labor contract between an employer and one or more unions. ...
A union organizer (sometimes spelled organiser) is one type of employee or elected official of a trade union. ...
In labor economics, the efficiency wage hypothesis argues that wages, at least in some markets, are determined by more than simply supply and demand. ...
An employment contract is an agreement entered into between an employer and an employee at the commencement of the period of employment and stating the exact nature of their business relationship, specifically what compensation the employee will receive in exchange for specific work performed. ...
An indentured servant (also called a bonded laborer) is a labourer unde from the employer in exchange for an extension to the period of their indenture, which could thereby continue indefinitely. ...
Labour law (American English: labor) or employment law is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which addresses the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organizations. ...
A skilled worker is any worker who has some special skill, knowledge, or (usually acquired) ability in his work. ...
Skill is a measure of a workers expertise, specialization, wages, and supervisory capacity. ...
CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a worker wants, but is unable, to work. ...
The National Labor Relations Board, an agency within the United States government, was created in 1935 as part of the National Labor Relations Act. ...
Workplace Fairness is a public education and advocacy organization, originally founded in 1994 as the National Employee Rights Institute. ...
Remuneration is pay or salary, typically monetary compensation for services rendered, as in a employment. ...
The payment of commission as remuneration for services rendered or products sold is a common way to reward sales people. ...
An Employee stock option is a call option on a companys own stock issued as a form of non-cash compensation. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
A wage is a compensation which workers receive in exchange for their labor. ...
International The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues. ...
Australia Liam Banger Jacksons Australian Industrial Relations Tribunal, or AIRT (known from 1969 to 1973 as the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, and from 1973 to 1988 as the Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission), is a tribunal with powers under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth). ...
An Australian Workplace Agreement (AWA) is an individual written agreement on terms and conditions of employment between an employer and employee in Australia, under the Workplace Relations Act 1996. ...
WorkChoices, or the Workplace Relations Act 1996 as amended by the Workplace Relations Amendment (Workchoices) Act 2005, came into effect in March 2006. ...
New South Wales & Ors v Commonwealth is a High Court of Australia case that challenged the constitutional validity of the federal governments WorkChoices legislation. ...
In December 2005, the caucus of the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party, established a Taskforce to examine the adverse effects of the Government’s industrial relations changes (Work Choices) on individuals, families and communities. ...
United Kingdom The Industrial Relations Act 1971 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, since repealed. ...
A Review Body in the United Kingdom is a government mechanism to replace collective bargaining for certain groups of employees in the public sector, for example doctors and nurses in the National Health Service. ...
Acas (formerly the Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service) is an independent non-departmental public body of the Government of the United Kingdom. ...
United States of America Health insurance is a form of group insurance, where individuals pay premiums or taxes in order to help protect themselves from high or unexpected healthcare expenses. ...
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent agency of the United States Government charged with conducting elections for union representation and with investigating and remedying unfair labor practices. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Canada - Employment Standards Act
- Canada Industrial Relations Board
The Employment Standards Act is an Act of the Legislature of Ontario. ...
The main responsibility of the CIRB is to interprete and administer the Industrial Relations and Occupational Health and Safety sections of the Canadian Labour Code. ...
Journals and Publications Industrial and Labor Relations Review is a publication of the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. ...
The Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law is a law journal that publishes articles in the field of labor and employment law. ...
External links - Labor and Worklife Program at Harvard Law School
- National Labor Relations Board: http://www.nlrb.gov
- West Virginia University Industrial and Labor Relations Program: http://www.be.wvu.edu/msir/index.htm
- Pennsylvania State University Labor and Industrial Relations Program: http://lsir.la.psu.edu/
- Cornell University Industrial and Labor Relations School: http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/
- Michigan State University School of Labor and Industrial Relations: http://www.lir.msu.edu/
- University of Illinois Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations: http://www.ilir.uiuc.edu
- University of Minnesota Industrial Relations Center: http://www.irc.csom.umn.edu/index.aspx
- Society for Human Resource Management: http://www.shrm.org
- Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology: http://www.siop.org
- Queen's University Centre for Industrial Relations http://www.industrialrelationscentre.com
- Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (UK) http://www.industrialrelationscentre.com
Harvard Law School (colloquially, Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. ...
References - Ackers,Peter and Adrian.Wilkinson 2003.Understanding Work and Employment:Industrial relations in transition .Oxford,Oxford University Press.
- Iversen, Torben. 1996. Power, Flexibility, and the Breakdown of Centralized Wage Bargaining: Denmark and Sweden in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Politics 28, no. 4 (July): 399-436.
- Jochem, Sven. 2000. Nordic Labour Market Policies in Transition. West European Politics 23, issue 3 (July): 115-(?).
- Thelen, Kathleen. 1993. West European Labor in Transition: Sweden and Germany Compared. World Politics 46, no. 1 (October): 23-49.
- Turner, Lowell. 1998. Fighting for Partnership: Labor and Politics in Unified Germany. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
- Mullins, Laurie J, 2005, Management and Organisational Behaviour, FT Prentice Hall.
- Salamon, Michael, 2000, Industrial Relations Theory and Practice (4th Edition), FT Prentice Hall.
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