Seal of the spanish Infantería de Marina

The Infantería de Marina or Spanish Marines is a branch of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for providing amphibious warfare from the sea utilizing the mobility of the Spanish Navy. The Infantería de Marina is integrated in the Spanish Navy Structure. Image File history File links Escudoimtranspa. ... Image File history File links Escudoimtranspa. ... The Spanish Armed Forces consists of the Army, Navy and Air Force. ... This article is about a military strategy involving land troops dispatched from naval ships. ... The Spanish Navy (in Spanish, Armada Española) is the maritime arm of the Spanish Military. ... The Spanish Navy (in Spanish, Armada Española) is the maritime arm of the Spanish Military. ...

It was formed in 1537 by Charles I of Spain (also known as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), making it the oldest Marine Corps in the world, drawing from the Compañías Viejas del Mar de Nápoles. Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... Charles (February 24, 1500 – September 21, 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516_1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V (Carlos Quinto or Carlos V) in Spain and Latin America. ... Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. ... A Marine is an elite warrior whose primary function is to serve aboard a ship and/or assault the land from the sea in amphibious warfare. ...

[edit] Mission

Search and rescue exercise in Nevada

The Infantería de Marina is an elite corps, highly specialised in amphibious warfare, that is, to project an amphibious force onto a hostile, or potentially hostile, coast. Its ability to embark on a short term notice with (land, air and naval) Navy assets, makes it a unit with a high strategic value. Adding to this a high degree of training, and the capability to deploy swiftly in international waters, results in a potent disuasory force available at a short notice in distant regions. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3008x1960, 1830 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Infanteria de Marina Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3008x1960, 1830 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Infanteria de Marina Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about a military strategy involving land troops dispatched from naval ships. ...

Infantería de Marina Uniform

One of the main characteristics of a marine is the uniform that he wears. On the sleeves of the Spanish Marines are the three "Sardinetas", which marks it as a member of the Royal House Corps. This was earned in 1762 for a heroic, though finally defeated defence of the Castillo del Morro of Havana, Cuba against a British expedition. The only other unit to wear the sardinetas and red trouser stripes is the Spanish Royal Guard. Image File history File links Unifor10. ... Image File history File links Unifor10. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Havana (Spanish (IPA pronunciation: ) in full: Ciudad de La Habana, formerly named San Cristóbal de La Habana; UN/LOCODE: CU HAV) is the capital of Cuba. ... Sir George Pocock (March 6, 1706-April 3, 1792) was a British admiral, son of Thomas Pocock, chaplain in the navy, entered the navy under the protection of his maternal uncle, Captain Streynsham Master (1682-1724), in Superbe in 1718. ...

Spanish Marines have modern assets to comply with its mission, having personnel specialised in artillery, sapping, helicopters, special operations, communications, tanks, among others. Some vehicles form the Grupo Mecanizado Anfibio del Tercio de Armada (the Mechanized Amphibious Group of the Navy Tercio).

The Marines of Spain are not only a fleet force, but as the Spanih Royal Marine Guard Company are responsible for the defence and security forces of naval bases and facilities, the naval schools and training units, and all the facilities that support the Marines themselves.

The most famous Spanish marine is without a doubt Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, author of the novel Don Quixote, who was wounded in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Another famous writer, Calderón de la Barca, also served with the marines. Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (September 29, 1547 – April 23, 1616) was a Spanish novelist, poet and playwright. ... (IPA: ) or (The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha) is a novel by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. ... Combatants Holy League: Republic of Venice Spain Papal States Republic of Genoa Duchy of Savoy Knights of Malta Ottoman Empire Commanders Don John of Austria Ali Pasha † Strength 206 galleys 6 galleasses 216 galleys 56 galliots Casualties 9,000 dead or wounded 12 galleys lost 30,000 dead or wounded... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... Pedro Calderon de la Barca Pedro Calderón de la Barca (January 17, 1600 – May 25, 1681), was an important dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age. ...

[edit] History

[edit] First period

The Infantería de Armada (Navy Infantry) was created by Charles V in 1537, when he permanently assigned the Compañías Viejas del Mar de Nápoles (Naples Old Sea Companies) to the Escuadras de Galeras del Mediterráneo (Mediterranean Galley Squadrons). But it was Philip II who established today's concept of a Landing Force. This was pure naval power projection ashore by forces coming from ships and able to fight, and not been downgraded by the fact of being based on board. This is the period of the famous Tercios (literally "One Third", due to its organisation: one third of musketeers, one third of spearers and the left third of pikers): Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... The Kingdom of Naples was born out of the division of the Kingdom of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. ... Philip II of Spain. ... Tercio was a term used by the Spanish army to describe a mixed infantry formation of about 3,000 pikemen and musketeers, sometimes referred to by other nations as a Spanish Square. ...

• Tercio Nuevo de la Mar de Nápoles.
• Tercio de la Armada del Mar Océano.
• Tercio de Galeras de Sicilia.
• Tercio Viejo del Mar Océano y de Infantería Napolitana.

Of the Tercios above, the first is considered the core of the Infantería de Marina, and it bears in its coat of arms two crossed anchors that became the Corps' coat of arms until 1931. A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ...

In 1704, the Tercios became regiments: Regimientos de Bajeles (Vessel's Regiments), Regimiento de la Armada (Navy Regiment), R. del Mar de Nápoles (Naples' Sea Regiment), and R. de Marina de Sicilia (Sicily's Navy Regiment), detaching some small units to the Army, and the main body remained in the Navy becoming the Cuerpo de Batallones de Marina (Navy Battalions Corps). Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ...

Just a few of the battles that the marines served in during this very busy period were:

• Algiers expedition (1541).
• Battle of Lepanto (1571).
• Tunisia expedition (1573).
• The conquest of Terceira Island (Azores) (1582).
• Great Britain expedition (1599).
• San Salvador (Brazil) expedition (1625).

This article is about the capital of Algeria. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Combatants Holy League: Republic of Venice Spain Papal States Republic of Genoa Duchy of Savoy Knights of Malta Ottoman Empire Commanders Don John of Austria Ali Pasha † Strength 206 galleys 6 galleasses 216 galleys 56 galliots Casualties 9,000 dead or wounded 12 galleys lost 30,000 dead or wounded... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Map of Terceira Island, Azores. ... Motto: Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos (Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem: A Portuguesa (national) Hino dos Açores (local) Capital Ponta Delgada (Presidency of the Regional Government) Angra do Heroísmo (Supreme Court)1 Horta (Legislative Assembly)2 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese... Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1599 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ...

[edit] Second period

In 1717 the Cuerpo de Batallones de Marina was definitively settled and organized, reaching its full strength of twelve battalions. The first ones were named: Armada, Bajeles, Marina, Oceano, Mediterráneo and Barlovento. Their mission was to form the "Main body of landing columns and ship's soldiers tasks" in a time that boarding was still a critical part of battle at sea. They were also gun crews. // Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region. ...

In a 1793, a woman, Ana Maria de Soto, desguised as a man, and answering to the name of Antonio Maria de Soto, enlisted in the 6th company of 11º Battalion of the Navy, being licensed with pension and honors in 1798, when shw was discovered of being a woman. She was the first female Marine of the world. The UKs Royal Marines in a Rigid Raider assault watercraft A marine corps (from French corps de marine) is a branch of a nations armed forces incorporating Marines, intended to be capable of mounting amphibious assaults using infantry, armour, aircraft, and watercraft. ...

The major actions they took part in during this period were:

• Sardinia, 1717.
• Naples and Sicily, 1732.
• Defence of Havana, 1762.
• Algiers expedition, 1775.
• Battle of Pensacola (1781).
• Siege of Toulon, 1793.
• Defense of Ferrol, 1800.
• Recapture of Buenos Aires, 1806.

Sardinia (pronounced ; Italian: Sardegna; Sardinian: Sardigna or Sardinna) in the is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily). ... // Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... Havana (Spanish (IPA pronunciation: ) in full: Ciudad de La Habana, formerly named San Cristóbal de La Habana; UN/LOCODE: CU HAV) is the capital of Cuba. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... ... The Battle of Pensacola marked the culmination of Spains reconquest of Florida from Britain during the American Revolutionary War. ... The Battle of Toulon took place in 1793. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ferrol can refer to: EUROPE Ferrol, Spain City and Naval Station in North Western Spain, European Union Note: Place of birth of both Francisco Franco (1892) the Spanish dictator and Pablo Iglesias (1850) founder of PSOE and UGT. ASIA Ferrol, Romblon Small Town in the Philippines Note: The Philippines got... 1800 (MDCCC) was an exceptional common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. ... BUE redirects here. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

[edit] Third period

Though Spain's empire was dismembered in the nineteenth century the marines continued to be active abroad.

Its most important actions in this period were:

• Santo Domingo (1804)
• Cochinchina (Vietnam) (1858).
• Mexico (1862).
• Cuba and Philippines (1898).
• Morocco (1911)

These actions were the scenarios for the Batallones Expedicionarios (Expeditionary Battalions), some of them lasting up to ten years in campaigning abroad. 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants United States Republic of Cuba First Philippine Republic Spanish Empire Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Casualties 3,289 U.S. dead (only 332 from combat); considerably higher although undetermined Cuban and Filipino casualties Unknown[1... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

[edit] Fourth period

At the end of the WW I, the Battle of Gallipoli made almost all countries abandon the idea of amphibious assault. The world's marine corps fell into a deep crisis, with the Infantería de Marina being no exception, though it enjoyed success in its innovative Alhucemas amphibious assault in 1925, when it employed coordinated air and naval gunfire to support the assault. Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... Combatants British Empire Australia India Newfoundland New Zealand United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire German Empire Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Otto von Sanders Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Strength 5 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) 6 divisions Casualties 150,000 250,000 The Battle of Gallipoli took place on the Turkish peninsula... 19th-century Spanish map showing the Peñón de Alhucemas Peñón de Alhucemas, or Lavender Rock, is one of the Spanish territories in North Africa off the Moroccan coast, along with the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, the island of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The "Expeditionary Mission", was considered a "colonial force", and denounced as an instrument of imperialism, and so condemned to extinction by the government of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ...

During the bitterly fought Spanish Civil War the Corp split and served both sides, performing garrison duties, leading landing parties, and providing expert gun and machine gun crews. After the civil war the defeated republic's death decree for the Infantería Marina was revoked and its strength was increased during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. Combatants Spanish Republic Soviet Union Nationalist Spain Italy Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939, was a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by... Francisco Yannick Kneusje Tengo Angel Fernandez Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo (4 December 1892 – 20 November or possibly 19 November[1] 1975), abbreviated “Francisco Franco y Bahamonde” and commonly known as “Generalísimo Francisco Franco” (pron. ...

[edit] Fifth period

Amphibious Tractor LVT-4

In 1957, the Grupo Especial Anfibio (Amphibious Special Group) was created, and the Infanterí­a de Marina returned to its primary duty as a Landing Force Mission. In 1958 it established a beachhead in Spanish Sahara and Ifni during the Ifni War. The capabilities and strength of the Infantería de Marina were increased: new amphibious vehicles, anti-tank weapons, individual equipment and artillery. Image File history File linksMetadata LVT-4. ... Image File history File linksMetadata LVT-4. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Spanish Sahara was the name used for the modern territory of Western Sahara when it was ruled by Spain, created from the Spanish territories of Rio de Oro and La Aguera in 1924. ... Ifni was a Spanish province on the African coast in what is now Morocco, south of Agadir and across from the Canary Islands. ... The Ifni War, also known as the 1957 Invasion of Spanish Sahara and, in Spain, the Forgotten War (la Guerra Ignorada), was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents and indigenous Sahrawi rebels that began in October 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege of...

M-109 A5

The Tercio de Armada became the main amphibious unit and has experienced several restructures that led to the E-01 Plan, which defines the requirements and structures from the year 2000 for the Infantería de Marina. The Spanish Marines have been present in Europe, Central America and Asia in an anonymous role as an "emergency force" ready to evacuate civilians in conflict areas, or as a deterrence force in providing cover for the actions of allied forces. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2648x1648, 1108 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Infanteria de Marina Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2648x1648, 1108 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Infanteria de Marina Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... The M109 during operations in the Balkans The M109 self-propelled 155 mm howitzer was first introduced in the early 1960s. ... This article is about the year 2000. ...

[edit] See also

• Alonso Pita da Veiga at the "Battle of Pavia" surrendered King Francis I of France (1513-1525)
• Miguel de Cervantes Spain's most famous marine, injured at the Battle of Lepanto (1571), where the Spanish marines played a decisive part.

Alonso Pita da Veiga, born in Ferrol in 15th century Galicia, was the most remarkable young officer of the Spanish Tercios fighting under the orders of Count Fernando de Andrade in the Battle of Pavia (Italy), between the years 1513-1525, becoming a lord with the right to wear a... Combatants France Holy Roman Empire, Spain Commanders Francis I of France Charles de Lannoy, Antonio de Leyva Strength 17,000 infantry 6,500 cavalry 53 guns[citation needed] 19,000 infantry 4,000 cavalry 17 guns[citation needed] Casualties 12,000 dead or wounded[citation needed] 500 dead or wounded... Francis I (François Ier in French) (September 12, 1494 – March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (September 29, 1547 – April 23, 1616) was a Spanish novelist, poet and playwright. ... Combatants Holy League: Republic of Venice Spain Papal States Republic of Genoa Duchy of Savoy Knights of Malta Ottoman Empire Commanders Don John of Austria Ali Pasha † Strength 206 galleys 6 galleasses 216 galleys 56 galliots Casualties 9,000 dead or wounded 12 galleys lost 30,000 dead or wounded...

[edit] External links

• El Tercio de Armada (BRIMAR) (SP Marines Brigade)
• Spanish Marines History
• Spanish Marines Portal
• Spanish Marines Articles