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The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) defines physical specifications communications protocol standards for the short-range exchange of data over infrared light, for uses such as personal area networks (PANs). The current edition Dragonlance logo, as seen on all books published in the more recent times. ...
The Irda are a fictional species in the fantasy world of Dragonlance. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 402 pixelsFull resolution (1464 × 736 pixels, file size: 144 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Port IrDA na USB Fot. ...
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Note: USB may also mean upper sideband in radio. ...
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The CXT70 is a mobile phone created by Siemens, one of the first to have IrDA Categories: | | | ...
This article concerns communication between pairs of electronic devices. ...
“Standard†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Data (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Infrared (disambiguation). ...
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. ...
- IrDA is a very short-range example of free-space optical communication.
- IrDA interfaces are used in palmtop computers, mobile phones, and laptop computers (many laptops no longer offer IrDA in favor of Bluetooth).
- IrDA specifications include IrPHY, IrLAP, IrLMP, IrCOMM, Tiny TP, IrOBEX, IrLAN and IrSimple. IrDA has now produced another standard, IrFM, for Infrared financial messaging (i.e., for making payments) also known as "Point & Pay".
For the devices to communicate via IrDA they must have a direct line of sight. Free-space optical communication involves the use of optical links across the space between two points, either within the Earths atmosphere, or in outer space. ...
In telecommunication and computer communication, the term network interface has the following meanings: The point of interconnection between a user terminal and a private or public network. ...
Palm IIIxe PDA Personal digital assistants (PDAs or palmtops) are handheld devices that were originally designed as personal organizers, but became much more versatile over the years. ...
For the band, see Laptop (band). ...
Bluetooth logo This article is about the electronic protocol named after Harald Bluetooth Gormson. ...
Specification may refer to several different concepts: Specification (standards) refers to specific standards Specificatio - a legal concept Specification (regression) refers to the practice of translating theory into a regression model Category: ...
IrFM is a wireless payment standard developed by the American company IrDA. External link http://www. ...
IrFM is a wireless payment standard developed by the American company IrDA. External link http://www. ...
Specifications
IrPHY The mandatory IrPHY (Infrared Physical Layer Specification) is the lowest layer of the IrDA specifications. The most important specifications are: - Range (Standard: 1 m, low-power to low power: 0.2 m, Standard to low power: 0.3 m)
- Angle (minimum cone +-15°)
- Speed (2.4 kbit/s to 16 Mbit/s)
- Modulation (Base band, no carrier)
- Infrared window
IrDA transceivers communicate with infrared pulses in a cone that extends minimum 15 degrees half angle off center. The IrDA physical specifications require that a minimum irradiance be maintained so that a signal is visible up to a meter away. Similarly, the specifications require that a maximum irradiance not be exceeded so that a receiver is not overwhelmed with brightness when a device comes close. In practice, there are some devices on the market that do not reach one meter, while other devices may reach up to several meters. There are also devices that do not tolerate extreme closeness. The typical sweet spot for IrDA communications is from 5 cm to 60 cm away from a transceiver, in the center of the cone. IrDA data communications operate in half-duplex mode because while transmitting, a device’s receiver is blinded by the light of its own transmitter, and thus, full-duplex communication is not feasible. The two devices that communicate simulate full duplex communication by quickly turning the link around. The primary device controls the timing of the link, but both sides are bound to certain hard constraints and are encouraged to turn the link around as fast as possible. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are radiometry terms for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. ...
In telecommunications, duplex means two-way when referring to communications channels. ...
In telecommunications, duplex means two-way when referring to communications channels. ...
Transmission rates fall into three broad categories: SIR, MIR, and FIR. Serial Infrared (SIR) speeds cover those transmission speeds normally supported by an RS-232 port (9600 bit/s, 19.2 kbit/s, 38.4 kbit/s, 57.6 kbit/s, 115.2 kbit/s). Since the lowest common denominator for all devices is 9600 bit/s, all discovery and negotiation is performed at this baud rate. MIR (Medium Infrared) is not an official term, but is sometimes used to refer to speeds of 0.576 Mbit/s and 1.152 Mbit/s. Fast Infrared (FIR) is deemed an obsolete term by the IrDA physical specification, but is nonetheless in common usage to denote transmission at 4 Mbit/s. “FIR” is sometimes used to refer to all speeds above SIR. However, different encoding approaches are used by MIR and FIR, and different approaches frame MIR and FIR packets. For that reason, these unofficial terms have sprung up to differentiate these two approaches. The future holds faster transmission speeds (currently referred to as Very Fast Infrared, or VFIR) which will support speeds up to 16 Mbit/s. There are (VFIR) infrared transceivers available such as the TFDU8108 operating from 9.6 kbit/s to 16 Mbit/s. The UFIR (Ultra Fast Infrared) protocol is also in development. It will support speeds up to 100 Mbit/s. RS-232 (also referred to as EIA RS-232C or V.24) is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data communication equipment). ...
It' useful to mention a fourth category, outside IrDA specifications, named CIR (Classical InfRared), commonly used in remote controls, based on a raw protocol who uses sequences of pulse and space. It's possible to manage CIR via software like Lirc. For other uses, see Remote control (disambiguation). ...
LIRC (Linux Infrared Remote Control) is an open source package that allows you to receive and send infrared signals with your Linux computer system. ...
IrLAP The mandatory IrLAP (Infrared Link Access Protocol) is the second layer of the IrDA specifications. It lies on top of the IrPHY layer and below the IrLMP layer. It represents the Data Link Layer of the OSI model. The most important specifications are: This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model for short) is a layered, abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design, developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative. ...
- Access control
- Discovery of potential communication partners
- Establishing of a reliable bidirectional connection
- Negotiation of the Primary/Secondary device roles
On the IrLAP layer the communicating devices are divided into a Primary Device and one or more Secondary Devices. The Primary Device controls the Secondary Devices. Only if the Primary Device requests a Secondary Device to send is it allowed to do so.
IrLMP The mandatory IrLMP (Infrared Link Management Protocol) is the third layer of the IrDA specifications. It can be broken down into two parts. First, the LM-MUX (Link Management Multiplexer) which lies on top of the IrLAP layer. Its most important achievements are: - Provides multiple logical channels
- Allows change of Primary/Secondary devices
Second, the LM-IAS (Link Management Information Access Service), which provides a list, where service providers can register their services so other devices can access these services via querying the LM-IAS.
Tiny TP The optional Tiny TP (Tiny Transport Protocol) lies on top of the IrLMP layer. It provides: - Transportation of large messages by SAR (Segmentation and Reassembly)
- Flow control by giving credits to every logical channel
IrCOMM The optional IrCOMM (Infrared Communications Protocol) lets the infrared device act like either a serial or parallel port. It lies on top of the IrLMP layer. A male DE-9 connector used for a serial port on a PC style computer. ...
This article is about the Centronics style port. ...
IrOBEX The optional IrOBEX (Infrared Object Exchange) provides the exchange of arbitrary data objects (e.g. vCard, vCalendar or even applications) between infrared devices. It lies on top of the Tiny TP protocol, so Tiny TP is mandatory for IrOBEX to work. OBEX (occasionally IrOBEX) is a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of binary objects between devices. ...
The correct title of this article is . ...
vCalendar is an older standard exchange format for calendar data promulgated by the Internet Mail Consortium (IMC). ...
IrLAN The optional IrLAN (Infrared Local Area Network) provides the possibility to connect an infrared device to a local area network. There are three possible methods: As IrLAN lies on top of the Tiny TP protocol, the Tiny TP protocol must be implemented for IrLAN to work. A wireless access point (WAP or AP) is a device that connects wireless communication devices together to create a wireless network. ...
A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ...
IrSimple IrSimple achieves at least 4 to 10 times faster data transmission speeds by improving the efficiency of the infrared IrDA protocol. IrSimple protocol maintains backward compatibility with the existing IrDA protocols.
IrSimpleShot One of the primary targets of IrSimpleShot (IrSS) is to allow the millions of IrDA-enabled camera phones to wirelessly transfer pictures to printers and printer kiosks. IrSimpleShot communication combines the familiarity of a TV Remote Control with high-speed (up to 16 Mbit/s) IrDA connectivity.
Popularity IrDA was popular on laptops and some desktops during the late 90s through the early 2000s. However, it has been displaced by other wireless technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth, favored because they don't need a direct line of sight, and can therefore support hardware such as mice and keyboards. It is still used in some environments where interference makes radio-based wireless technologies unusable. Wi-Fi (or Wi-fi, WiFi, Wifi, wifi), short for Wireless Fidelity, is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) currently based on the IEEE 802. ...
Bluetooth logo This article is about the electronic protocol named after Harald Bluetooth Gormson. ...
See also This is a list of device bandwidths: the channel capacity (or, more informally, bandwidth) of some computer devices employing methods of data transport is listed by bit/s, kilobit/s (kbit/s), megabit/s (Mbit/s), or gigabit/s (Gbit/s) as appropriate and also MB/s or megabytes per...
External links
Literature Charles D. Knutson with Jeffrey M. Brown, IrDA Principles and Protocols, 2004, ISBN 0-9753892-0-3 |
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