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An infrared camera, or a thermographic camera, is a device that forms an image using infrared radiation, similar to a common camera that forms an image using visible light. Instead of the 450-750 nanometre range of the visible light camera, infrared cameras operate in range of wavelengths vaguely between 800-10,000 nm. Image of a small dog taken in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation. ...
Radiation has a variety of different meanings. ...
A camera is a device used to take pictures (usually photographs), either singly or in sequence, with or without sound, such as with video cameras. ...
The optical spectrum (light or visible spectrum) is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. ...
Prism splitting light Light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye or, in a technical or scientific setting, electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. ...
The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ...
All objects emit a certain amount of black-body radiation as a function of their temperatures. Generally speaking, the higher an object's temperature is, the more infrared radiation as black-body radiation it emits. A special camera can detect this radiation in a way similar to an ordinary camera does visible light. An infrared camera normally shows warmer areas as brighter and cooler areas as darker. It works even in total darkness because ambient light level does not matter. This makes it useful for rescue operations in smoke-filled buildings and underground. As the temperature decreases, the peak of the black body radiation curve moves to lower intensities and longer wavelengths. ...
Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ...
A camera is a device used to take pictures (usually photographs), either singly or in sequence, with or without sound, such as with video cameras. ...
Images from infrared cameras tend to be monochromatic because the cameras are generally designed with only a single type of sensor responding to a particular wavelength of infrared radiation. This is simpler than a colour camera, which has multiple types of sensor (usually three, tuned to red, green and blue light, allowing it to show colour pictures), but is adequate for night-vision applications. The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ...
Night vision is seeing in the dark. ...
For use in temperature measurement, the image from an infrared camera is sometimes processed to convert it to colour (as colours are more noticeable than grayscale levels to the human eye). This is called false colour, and has no relationship to the true colours in the scene, or the true wavelengths of the radiation (visible colours are seen due to different wavelengths). Each colour is assigned arbitrarily to a certain range of intensities of the monochrome signal, in the same way as different height (altitude) ranges on a relief maps are assigned arbitrary colours. For example, the brightest (warmest) parts of the image are customarily coloured white, intermediate temperatures reds and yellows, and the dimmest (coolest) parts blue. A scale should be shown next to a false colour image to relate colours to temperatures. Their resolution is considerably lower than of optical cameras, mostly only 160x120 or 320x240 pixels. Thermographic cameras are much more expensive than their visible-spectrum counterparts, and higher-end models are often deemed as dual-use and export-restricted. It has been suggested that false-color image be merged into this article or section. ...
The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ...
Dual-use is a term often used in politics and diplomacy to refer to technology which can be used for both peaceful and military aims, usually in regard to the proliferation of nuclear weapons. ...
Thermal imaging photography finds many other uses. For example, firefighters use it to see through smoke, find persons, and localize hotspots of fires. With thermal imaging, power lines maintenance technicians locate overheating joints and parts, a telltale sign of their failure, to eliminate potential hazards. Where thermal insulation becomes faulty, building construction technicians can see heat leaks to improve the efficiencies of cooling or heating air-conditioning. Thermal imaging cameras are also installed in some luxury cars to aid the driver, the first being the 2000 Cadillac DeVille. Some physiological activities, particularly responses, in human beings and other warm-blooded animals can also be monitored with thermographic imaging. Firefighter in full turn out gear with a pickhead axe. ...
Smoke is a suspension in air of small particles resulting from incomplete combustion of a fuel. ...
Transmission towers Transmission lines in Lund, Sweden Electric power transmission, or more accurately Electrical energy transmission, is the second process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ...
This page refers to thermal insulation. ...
Construction on the North Bytown Bridge in Ottawa, Canada. ...
The Cadillac Deville is Cadillacs largest and most luxurious car model. ...
Infrared cameras can be broadly divided into two types: those with cooled infrared image detectors and those with uncooled detectors.
Cooled infrared detectors Cooled detectors are typically contained in a vacuum-sealed case and cryogenically cooled. This greatly increases their sensitivity since their own temperatures are much lower than that of the objects from which they are meant to detect radiation. Typical cooling temperatures range from 70ºK to 110ºK, 80ºK being the most common. Without cooling, these sensors (which detect and convert light in much the same way as common digital cameras, but are made of different materials) would be 'blinded' or flooded by their own radiation. The drawbacks of cooled infrared cameras are that they are expensive both to produce and to run. Cooling and evacuating are power- and time-consuming. The camera may need several minutes to cool down before it can begin working. Although the components that lower temperature and pressure make generally bulky and expensive, cooled infrared cameras provide superior image quality compared to uncooled ones.
Materials used for infrared detection include a wide range of narrow gap semiconductors. Examples: Narrow gap semiconductors are semiconducting materials with an energy gap that is comparatuively small comapred to silicon. ...
Indium antimonide - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
HgCdTe (mercury cadmium telluride) is an alloy of CdTe and HgTe and is third for technological importance after Si and GaAs. ...
Lead sulfide and several other lead salts are used as detection element material in various infra-red sensors. ...
Uncooled infrared detectors Uncooled thermal cameras use sensors that operate at room temperature. Modern uncooled detectors all use sensors that work by the change of resistance, voltage or [current (electricity)|current]] when heated by infrared radiation. These changes are then measured and compared to the values at the operating temperature of the sensor. Uncooled infrared sensors can be stabilized to an operating temperature to reduce image noise, but they are not cooled to low temperatures and do not require bulky, expensive cryogenic coolers. This makes infrared cameras smaller and less costly. However, their resolution and image quality tend to be lower than cooled detectors. This is due to difference in their fabricational processes, still limited by available technology. Electrical resistance is a measure of the degree to which an electrical component opposes the passage of current. ...
In the physical sciences, potential difference is the difference in potential between two points in a conservative vector field. ...
Uncooled detectors are mostly based on pyroelectric materials or microbolometer technology. Pyroelectricity is the electrical potential created in certain materials when they are heated. ...
A Microbolometer is a specific type of bolometer used as a detector in a thermal camera. ...
Modern digital cameras are based on Charge-coupled device (CCD) chips. By the nature of the materials used in them, these chips are sensitive not only to visible light but also to 'near' infrared radiation (that is, infrared radiation that is just below visible light). Therefore when a TV remote control is working, the infrared radiation shows on the camera image and creates interference. Fortunately this can be remedied in many modern digital cameras as they are capable of filtering infrared light. A SiPix digital camera next to a matchbox to show scale. ...
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a sensor for recording images, consisting of an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. ...
Some other cameras have a special night mode or night vision mode, where an infrared LED illuminates the scene and the camera is in infrared (only) mode. The resulting picture is black-and-white. Various light-emitting diodes (5 mm reds, 3 mm greens and yellows) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits incoherent monochromatic light when electrically biased in the forward direction. ...
A so-called X-ray effect has been described using an infrared filter (800-1000nm wavelength) with night mode in bright sunlight. Clothes then appear semi-transparent. In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz...
An infrared filter is a filter to remove visible light and only pass infrared light in different wavelenghts. ...
Some makes of infrared cameras US - Rockwell
- Raytheon
- DRS
- BAE SYSTEMS NA
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