In George Orwell's dystopic novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, Ingsoc is the ideology of the totalitarian government of Oceania. Ingsoc is Newspeak for "English Socialism". George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903[1][2] – 21 January 1950) who was an English writer and journalist well-noted as a novelist, critic, and commentator on politics and culture. ... This article is about the philosophical concept and literary form. ... This article is about the Orwell novel. ... This is an overview of the ideologies of parties. ... Totalitarianism is a term employed by some political scientists, especially those in the field of comparative politics, to describe modern regimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior. ... Oceania is one of the three super-states in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the location of the novels version of London, where Winston Smith, the main character, lives. ... Newspeak is a fictional language in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Socialism refers to a broad array of ideologies and political movements with the goal of a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ...

Origins

English Socialism predominated during a communist or, more likely, socialist revolution, but as The Party is constantly rewriting history it is impossible to tell precisely how it occurred. In addition to rewriting history, The Party also is constantly rewriting the language to make ambiguous the true meanings of words and the ideas behind them, hence, "English Socialism" became the shorter and more esoteric "Ingsoc." A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, typically with socialism (state or worker ownership over the means of production) as an intermediate stage. ... A communist revolution is a social revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, normally with socialism (state ownership over the means of production) as an intermediate stage. ... Etymology Esoteric is an adjective originating during Hellenic Greece under the domain of the Roman Empire; it comes from the Greek esôterikos, from esôtero, the comparative form of esô: within. It is a word meaning anything that is inner and occult, a latinate word meaning hidden (from which...

Ingsoc as a political philosophy

In the novel, Emmanuel Goldstein's book The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, describes the actual ideology of the Party as "oligarchical collectivism", stating that Ingsoc "rejects and vilifies every principle for which the Socialist movement originally stood, and it does so in the name of Socialism", (a practice Orwell dealt with in Animal Farm). The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Political philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about the state, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what... This article is about the character in Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism as featured in the 1984 film Goldsteins book, The Theory and Practice Of Oligarchical Collectivism, is a fictional book which is an important element in both the plot and the overall theme of George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, first... Look up Oligarchy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For other uses, see Animal Farm (disambiguation). ...

The Party is personified by Big Brother, an omnipresent face constantly depicted on posters and the telescreen; like the Party itself, Big Brother is constantly watching. Ingsoc demands complete submission and tortures to achieve it, (see Room 101). Ingsoc has mastered a complex system of psychological tools and methods not only to make people confess imagined crimes and forget thoughts of rebellion, but also to actually love Ingsoc itself. Phillipp Veits Germania (1877), a personification of Germany. ... Big Brother as portrayed in the BBCs 1954 production of Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Placard redirects here: this should not be confused with Plaque or Plack Poster from the Spanish Revolution A poster is any large piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. ... Big Brothers face looms on giant telescreens in Victory Square Telescreens are featured in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Room 101 is a place introduced in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. ...

Unlike most real totalitarian regimes, Ingsoc has little if any true end or ultimate political goal other than control for its own sake. O'Brien puts it quite glibly: Richard Burton as OBrien in the 1984 film adaption. ...

The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: , or NSDAP, commonly, the Nazi Party), was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за, transliterated Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza, acronym: КПСС (KPSS)) was the ruling political party in the Soviet Union. ... Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern Socialist thought. ... Equal Rights redirects here. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by a dictator. ... -1... Look up Persecution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation). ... Much of the recent sociological debate on power revolves around the issue of the constraining and/or enabling nature of power. ...

Ingsoc as a metaphysical philosophy

Aside from being a political philosophy, Ingsoc is a metaphysical philosophy, positing that all knowledge rests in the collective mind of the Party, that reality is what the Party says it is. This is the Party's justification for altering historical texts. It uses doublethink to believe what it would otherwise know as false, and in believing the new past, the new past was, hence he who controls the past controls the future, and he who controls the present controls the past. Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), by Raphael (Stanza della Segnatura, Rome) Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. ... Doublethink is an integral concept in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the act of holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously, fervently believing both. ...

Thematic references to solipsism, regarding pure Ingsoc, are made throughout the book's third part, implying that, according to Ingsoc, the universe exists entirely in the mind of the person. It is the job of the Ministry of Love (via torture and brainwashing) and, to a lesser extent, that of the Ministry of Truth (via false propaganda) to ensure that each person's mind is shaped to undying loyalty to the Party and its ideology. In these beliefs the person exists only as part of the collective, thus convincing the collective that nothing exists other than the goodness of the Party and the evil of other nations, this is the form of the conscious universe of the person and the collective, thus the Party remains in total power. Solipsism (Latin: solus, alone + ipse, self) is the philosophical idea that My mind is the only thing that I know exists. ... The Ministry of Love (or Miniluv in Newspeak) is one of the four ministries that govern Airstrip One, Oceania in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Senate House, supposed inspiration for the Ministry of Truth The Ministry of Truth (or Minitrue, in Newspeak) is one of the four ministries that govern Oceania in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ...

Class structure under Ingsoc

Under Ingsoc, society is composed of three classes:

1. The Inner Party, who make policy, effect decisions, and run the government, they are simply referred to as The Party.
2. The Outer Party, who work the state jobs and are society's middle class. "Members are allowed no vices other than cigarettes and Victory Gin." The Outer Party also are the most scrutinised, constantly monitored with two-way telescreens and other surveillance technologies.
3. The Proles, who are the lower class, the rabble whom the Inner Party keeps happy and sedate with beer, gambling, sport, casual sex, and prolefeed ("rubbishy texts"). The proles are the proletariat, Marx's term for the working class. The Proles are 85% of Oceania's populace.

The classes mix little, although the narrator describes an evening at the cinema, where proles and Party members both attend. The protagonist also is able to patronize a prole pub without attracting much attention — or so he thinks — and to visit the flat of O'Brien, a member of the Inner Party, pretext of borrowing a newer edition of the Newspeak dictionary. In the world of George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Party which controls Oceania is split into two halves: the Inner Party and the Outer Party. ... In the world of George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Party which controls Oceania_fiction is split into two halves: the Inner Party and the Outer Party. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... Unlit filtered cigarettes. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Proles is a Newspeak term in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four to describe the proletariat class. ... Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. ... Prolefeed is a Newspeak term in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. ... The proletariat (from Latin proles, offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is proletarian. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a 19th century philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... Oceania is red on the fictitious 1984 world map Note: At the end of the novel, there are news reports that Oceania has captured all of Africa, though as propaganda, the credibility of the reports are uncertain. ... Pub redirects here. ... Richard Burton as OBrien in the 1984 film adaption. ... Newspeak is a fictional language in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ...

In keeping with themes of secrecy, deception, and contradiction present in other aspects of this work, Ingsoc, through its propaganda, claims to be egalitarian. The Proles, and some members of the Outer Party, often are hideously exploited while the Party élite live comfortably, and goods are as scarce and costly as Ingsoc propaganda depicts them to have been under capitalism.

Other political ideologies in 1984

Eastasia and Eurasia, the other two superstates formed and ruled by an ideology in and of similar manner as Oceania, each have their Ingsoc equivalents. Eurasia, formed from Russia's conquest of Europe, names its ideology Neo-Bolshevism, and the Chinese name for their ideology for ruling Eastasia is commonly translated as Death-Worship, or, more precisely, the Obliteration of the Self. A superstate is an agglomeration of nations, often linguistically and ethnically diverse, under a single political-administrative structure. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

This fact, that the three ideologies are virtually indistinguishable in their tenets, is known to all three ruling oligarchies and is constantly denied via doublethink. This denial of similarity among them, and the three-fold, mutual vilification of each other permits eternal war among the three superstates. Without said war, the lower classes would lack focus for the hatred and triumph with which the Inner Parties psychologically dominate them. Doublethink is an integral concept in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the act of holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously, fervently believing both. ... This article is about the Orwell novel. ...

Unexplained, in the novel, is how Ingsoc and its ruling Inner Party established and maintained control of the British Isles, the British Commonwealth, and the entire Americas in a historically-short period, (roughly 30 years, per the novel's chronology). Goldstein's book claims Oceania was created "with the absorption of .... the British Empire by the United States". This article explains the archipelago in north-western Europe. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ...

See also

• George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, Chapter 1
• Thoughtcrime
• Newspeak
• Doublethink
• Norsefire

George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903[1][2] – 21 January 1950) who was an English writer and journalist well-noted as a novelist, critic, and commentator on politics and culture. ... This article is about the Orwell novel. ... In George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four the government attempts to control not only the speech and actions, but also the thoughts of its subjects, labeling disapproved thoughts with the term thoughtcrime or, in Newspeak, crimethink. In the book, Winston Smith, the main character, writes in his diary... Newspeak is a fictional language in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Doublethink is an integral concept in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the act of holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously, fervently believing both. ... Norsefire is the fictional right-wing political party currently ruling the United Kingdom in Alan Moore and David Lloyds V for Vendetta comic book series. ...

External links

• Flag-Burning: a Detriment to the Oceanian Way, a satire by Alexander S. Peak
• Students for an Orwellian Society
• Flags of Ingsoc and Neo-Bolshevism at Flags of the World