Republic of Ingushetia (English) Республика Ингушетия (Russian) ГӀалгӀай Мохк (Ingush)
Location of the Republic of Ingushetia in Russia
Coat of Arms	Flag
Coat of arms of Ingushetia	Flag of Ingushetia
Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of Ingushetia
Capital	Magas
Established	June 4, 1992
Political status Federal district Economic region	Republic Southern North Caucasus
Code	06
Area
Area - Rank	4,000 km² 83rd
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank - Density - Urban - Rural	467,294 inhabitants 73rd 116.8 inhab. / km² 42.5% 57.5%
Official languages	Russian, Ingush
Government
President	Murat Zyazikov
Chairman of the Government	Ibragim Malsagov
Legislative body	People's Assembly
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia
Official website
http://www.ingushetia.ru/

The Republic of Ingushetia (Russian: Респу́блика Ингуше́тия; Ingush: ГӀалгӀай Мохк) is a federal subject of Russia. The direct romanization of the republic's Russian name is Respublika Ingushetiya. The name Ingushetia, derives from the Georgian name for the Republic, which is Ingusheti, meaning "(land) where the Ingush live". Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ... It has been suggested that the section intro from the article Civil flag be merged into this article or section. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_Ingushetia. ... Coat of arms of Ingushetia Republic was instituted on August 26, 1994. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ingushetia. ... The Flag Of Ingushetia In the religion and philosophy of the Ingushes, the Solar emblem (In the center of the flag) represents not only the sun and the universe but also awareness of the oneness of the spirit in the past, present and future. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogising the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognised either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Magas (Russian: Мага́с) is the capital of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. ... is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... All of the federal subjects of Russia are grouped into seven federal districts (Russian: , sing. ... Russia is divided into eleven economic regions (Russian: экономические районы, sing. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 88 federal subjects (constituent units), 21 of which are republics. ... Southern Federal District (Russian: Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг; tr. ... North Caucasus economic region (Russian: ; tr. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the 88 federal subjects of Russia in order of size. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: ) was the first census of Russian Federation carried out on October 9, 2002. ... Here is a list of the 85* federal subjects of Russia in order of population according to the 2002 Census. ... Ingush language is a language spoken by approximately 230,315 people (1989) across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Uzbekistan and Russia. ... Murat Magometovich Zyazikov (Russian: Мура́т Магоме́тович Зя́зиков) (born September 10, 1957) is the president of the southern Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... The Russian Federation is divided into 88 federal subjects (constituent units), 21 of which are republics. ... Ingush language is a language spoken by approximately 230,315 people (1989) across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Uzbekistan and Russia. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... For romanization of Russian on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Romanization of Russian. ...

Geography

Ingushetia is situated on the northern slopes of the Caucasus. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ...

• Area: ca. 4,000 km²
• Borders:
  • internal: Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (SW/W/NW/N), Chechen Republic (NE/E/SE)
  • international: Georgia (S)
• Highest point: [[Gora Shan[www.gipfel-und-grenzen.de/die_hoechsten.php]] (4451 m)

Capital Vladikavkaz Area - total - % water Ranked 84th - 8,000 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked 68th - est. ... The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ...

Time zone

Ingushetia is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD). Image File history File links RTZ2. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing daylight saving Moscow Time (Russian: ) is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg, Russia. ... “UTC” redirects here. ...

Rivers

Major rivers include:

• Assa River
• Sunzha River

Mountains

A 150 km stretch of the Caucasus Mountains runs through the territory of the republic.

Natural resources

Ingushetia is rich in timber, rare metals, oil, and natural gas reserves. Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ...

Climate

Climate of Ingushetia is mostly continental.

• Average January temperature: -7°C.
• Average July temperature: +22°C
• Average annual precipitation: 1,200 mm.

Ethnicity

The Ingush are an ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. They refer to themselves as Ghalghai (from Ingush: Ghal - fortress, ghai - habitants; another Russian interpretation - citizen). The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslim and speak the Ingush language, which has a very high degree of mutual intelligibility with neighboring Chechen. Ingush language is a language spoken by approximately 230,315 people (1989) across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Uzbekistan and Russia. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... // Geography The Chechen people are mainly inhabitants of Chechnya, which is internationally recognized as part of Russia. ... The Bats people are a Caucasian people. ... The Kists are a Nakh-speaking ethnic group in Georgia related to the Chechen and Ingush peoples. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Ingush language is a language spoken by approximately 230,315 people (1989) across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Uzbekistan and Russia. ... The Chechen language has about 1,200,000 speakers, most of whom live in Russia. ...

Demographics

Main article: Ingush people

• Population: 467,294 (2002)
  • Urban: 198,496 (42.5%)
  • Rural: 268,798 (57.5%)
  • Male: 218,194 (46.7%)
  • Female: 249,100 (53.3%)
• Females per 1000 males: 1,142
• Average age: 22.2 years
  • Urban: 22.4 years
  • Rural: 22.1 years
  • Male: 21.4 years
  • Female: 22.9 years
• Number of households: 64,887 (with 463,532 people)
  • Urban: 28,751 (with 197,112 people)
  • Rural: 36,136 (with 266,420 people)
• Vital statistics (2005)
  • Births: 6,777 (birth rate 14.0)
  • Deaths: 1,821 (death rate 3.8)
• Ethnic groups

According to the 2002 Russian Census (2002), ethnic Ingushes make up 77.3% of the republic's population. Other groups include Chechens (20.4%), Russians (1.2%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population. The Ingush are a people of the northern Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: ) was the first census of Russian Federation carried out on October 9, 2002. ... The Ingush are a people of the northern Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... // Geography The Chechen people are mainly inhabitants of Chechnya, which is internationally recognized as part of Russia. ...

The Ingush are a people of the northern Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... // Geography The Chechen people are mainly inhabitants of Chechnya, which is internationally recognized as part of Russia. ...

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Ingushetia

The following list is incomplete. ...

Early Ingush History

• 10,000-8,000 BC migration of proto-Ingush people to the slopes of the Caucasus from the Fertile Crescent domestication of animals, and irrigation are used.^[1]

• 6000-4000 BC Neolithic era. Pottery is known to the region. Old settlements near Ali-Yurt and Magas, discovered in the modern times, revealed tools made out of stone: stone axes, polished stones, stone knives, stones with holes drilled in them, clay dishes etc. Settlements made out of clay bricks discovered in the plains. In the mountains there were discovered settlements made out of stone surrounded by walls some of them dated back 8000 BC.^[2]

• 4000-3000 BC Rise of the Sino-Caucasian culture. Invention of the wheel (3000 BC), horseback riding, metal works (copper, gold, silver, iron) dishes, armor, daggers, knives, arrow tips. The artifacts were found near Naser-Kort, Muzhichi, Yi-E-Borz (now Surkhakhi), Abi-Goo (now Nazran).^[2]

This map shows the extent of the Fertile Crescent. ...

Modern Ingush History

Ingushes are known by the following names: Ghalghai, Gelgai, Kist, Koost, Amazons, Gergar, Narts, Gegar, Dzoordzook, Glivi, Ongusht, Alans, Galash, Tsori, Jairakh, Khamhoi, Metshal, Fyappi, and Nyasareth. ^[3] The history of the Ingush is closely related to that of the Chechens. From the 9th to the 12th centuries, Georgian missionaries partially Christianized the Ingushes. The remains of several temples, notably the Tkha-bya-Yer-d (the temple of 2000) the Al-Bee-Yer-d can be found in Ingushetia. Ingushes reverted to Islam in the beginning of the 19th century with the help of a Chechen Islamic scholar Shaikh-Kunta-Khadzhi Kishiev who brought peaceful teaching of Islam. Ingushes readily accepted the religion. Russian historians claim that Ingushes willfully came under Russian rule in 1810. However, the reality was very different. Russian Barron Rozen on 29 June 1832 reported in the letter to Count Chernishevski that "on the 23-d of this month I exterminated eight Ingush villages. On the 24-th near Targim I exterminated nine more villages" (No.42). 12 November 1836 Barron Rozen in letter No.560 claimed that highlanders of Dzheirkah, Kistin, and Ghalghai were "partially subdued". The colonization of Ingush land by Russians and Ossetians started in the middle of the 19th century. Russian General Evdokimov and Ossetian colonel Kundukhov in 'Opis No.436' "gladly reported" that "the result of colonization of Ingush land was successful:
Ingush village Ghazhien-Yurt was renamed to Stanitsa Assinovskaya in 1847.
Ingush village Ebarg-Yurt was renamed to Stanitsa Troitskaya in 1847.
Ingush town Dibir-Ghala was renamed to Stanitsa Sleptsovskaya in 1847.
Ingush village Magomet-Khite was renamed to Stanitsa Voznesenskaya in 1847.
Ingush village Akhi-Yurt was renamed to Stanitsa Sunzhenskaya in 1859.
Ingush village Ongusht was renamed to Stanitsa Tarskaya in 1859.
Ingush town Ildir-Ghala was renamed to Stanitsa Karabulakskaya in 1859.
Ingush village Alkhaste was renamed to Stanitsa Feldmarshalskaya in 1860.
Ingush village Tauzen-Yurt was renamed to Stanitsa Vorontsov-Dashkov in 1861.
Ingush village Sholkhi was renamed to Khutor Tarski in 1867."
The Russians also built the fortress Vladikavkaz (ruler of the Caucasus) on the place of Ingush village of Zaur. Russian General Yermolov in his letter to Tsar of Russia wrote: "It would be a grave mistake for Russia to alienate such a militaristic nation as Ingushes" He suggested the separation of Ingushes and Chechens and the separation must be very deep for Russia to win the war in the Caucasus. The strategy worked. The last organized rebellion in Ingushetia occurred in 1865 when 5000 Ingush nationals started a fight but lost to superior Russian forces. It was labeled "Nazranovski boont". The rebellion signaled the end of the First Russo-Caucasian War. The same year Russian Tsar offered help in deportation of Ingushes and Chechens to Turkey and the Middle East by claiming that "Muslims need to live under Muslim rulers". It seems that he wanted to liberate the land for Ossetians and Cossaks. Some Ingushes fell for the trap and willingly went into exile to deserted territory in the Middle East where majority of them died and the rest were assimilated. It was estimated that 80% of Ingushes left Ingushetia in 1865. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the Ingushes were promissed that their villages and towns will be returned back. The Soviets lied and confiscated the remaining Ingush properties and unified Chechnya and Ingushetia into Chechen-Ingush ASSR. In 1944 near the end of World War II Ingushes and Chechens were falsely accused of collaborating with the Nazis and the entire Ingush and Chechen populations were deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia with great loss of life - an estimated two thirds (In 2006 European Parliament classified the deportation of 1944 as genocide). They were rehabilitated in the 1950s, after the death of Stalin, and were allowed to return home in 1957. However, much of Ingushetia's territory had been settled by Ossetians and part of the region had been transferred to North Ossetia. The returning Ingush faced considerable animosity from the Ossetians. The Ingush were forced to buy their houses back from the Ossetians and Russians. It all led to a peaceful Ingush protest in Grozny in 1975. The protesters were crushed by the Soviet troops with extreme prejudice. In 1991 Chechnya declared independence from Russia. The Ingushes' choice was to remain in Russia to peacefully resolve the conflict with Ossetia. They were also hoping that Russians will return their land back for their loyalty to Russia. However, it seems that politicians in Ossetia and Russia had other plans. By repeatedly killing of Ingush civilians in Ossetia they fueled the rebellion in 1992. The violence flared during the Ossetian-Ingush conflict in late October 1992 when another ethnic cleansing of Ingush population started. Sixty thousands of Ingush civilians were forced from their homes in the Prigorodny District of North Ossetia.^[4]. As the result of the conflict Ruslan Aushev was appointed as the first president of Ingushetia. Partial stability returned under his rule in Ingushetia. In 1995 when the first Russo-Chechenian war started the number of refugees in Ingushetia from both conflicts doubled. According to the UN per every citizen of Ingushetia there was one refugee from Ossetia and Chechnya. This created a tremendous problem for the economy. It collapsed after Aushev's success. The second Russo-Chechen war which started in 1999 brought more misery to Ingushetia. In 2001 President Aushev was forced to leave his presidency. A new president Murat Zyazikov a former KGB general took his place. The situation worsened under his rule and continues to decline. Hundreds of young Ingush men are abducted by Russian and Ossetian death squads yearly. The Ingush mountains are closed for Ingush nationals. Ingushetia is now surrounded by lawless Chechnya on the East, blocked by Ossetians on the West, and by Russian and Ossetian boardguard FSB troops on the South. The number of terrorist attacks in Ingushetia on the rise especially after the number of Russian security forces were tippled. According to Russian news agency GAZETA.RU the murder of an ethnic-Russian school teacher in Ingushetia was done by two ethnic-Russians and an ethnic-Ossetian soldiers. The Police detective I.Mezhoev of Ingushetia who solved the crime was shot at and badly wounded by "unknown" assailants.^[5] // Geography The Chechen people are mainly inhabitants of Chechnya, which is internationally recognized as part of Russia. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Shaikh (Arabic: شيخ ),(also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning elder of tribe, lord or a revered old man. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Ossetians (oss. ... Map of Ossetia Ossetia is a region in the northern Caucasus Mountains, inhabited by the Ossetians. ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Stanitsa (Russian: , pronounces stah-nee-tsah) is a village inside a Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско, kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army). ... Khutor or hutor (Russian: ; Ukrainian: , Khutir) was usually a single-homestead rural settlement (farmstead) in Ukraine, Russia, and some parts of Central Asia. ... Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov, or Ermolov (1777-1861), was the premier Russian military hero during the golden age of Russian Romanticism. ... The Ossetians (oss. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... Assimilation, from Latin assimilatio meaning to render similar, is used to describe various phenomena: The process of assimilating new ideas into a schema (cognitive structure). ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... This article is about Siberia as a whole. ... Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic or national group. ... Rehabilitation in the context of Soviet or Russian topics is often a false friend used to translate the Russian term reabilitatsiya as applied to convicted persons. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვი&#4314... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... The Ossetians (oss. ... Capital Vladikavkaz Area - total - % water Ranked 84th - 8,000 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked 68th - est. ... The Ingush are a people of the northern Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... The Ossetians (oss. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ossetian-Ingush conflict - armed conflict between Ossetian and Ingush people in Prigorodny District, region of North Ossetia-Alania, started in 1992. ... Ethnic cleansing refers to various policies or practices aimed at the displacement of an ethnic group from a particular territory in order to create a supposedly ethnically pure society. ... Ruslan Aushev is the former Ingushetia president (March 1993 to December 2001). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ... Murat Magometovich Zyazikov (Russian: Мура́т Магоме́тович Зя́зиков) (born September 10, 1957) is the president of the southern Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... // A death squad is an armed squad of men that kills civilians. ... The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts that can be considered terrorism. ... Map of Ossetia Ossetia is a region in the northern Caucasus Mountains, inhabited by the Ossetians. ...

Military history of Ingushetia

In all of recorded history and reconstructable prehistory the Ingush people have never undertaken battle except in defense^[6]. However, Ingush were hired in a number of wars. For example, when Persians attacked Georgia, King Alexander and his 100 Roman bodyguards took shelter with his wife's Ingush relatives. Half of the Ingush army was sent and defeated the Persians. II-III BC Georgian kings received military assistance in their conquest from Ingush people^[7]. During World War I, 500 knights from an Ingush regiment of the Wild Division boldly attacked German Iron Division. The Russian Emperor Nicholas II, assessing the performance of the Ingush and Chechen regiments during the Brusilov breakthrough on the Russian-German front in 1915 wrote in his telegram to the Governor-General of the Tersky region Fleisher: "The Ingush regiment pounced upon the German "Iron division" like an avalanche. It was immediately supported by the Chechen regiment. The Russian history, including the history of our Preobrazhensky regiment, does not know a single instance of a horse cavalry attacking an enemy force armed with heavy artillery: 4.5 thousand killed, 3.5 thousand taken prisoner, 2.5 thousand wounded. Less than in an hour and a half the "iron division" ceased to exist, the division that had aroused fear in the best armies of our allies. On behalf of me, the royal court and the whole of the Russian army send our best regards to fathers, mothers, sisters, wives and brides of those brave sons of the Caucasus whose heroism paved the way for the destruction of German hordes. Russia bows low to the heroes and will never forget them. I extend my fraternal greetings, Nicholas II, August 25th, 1915".^[8] The Ingush are a people of the northern Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... The Ingush are a people of the northern Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Nicholas II can refer to: Pope Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II of Russia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Nicholas II can refer to: Pope Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II of Russia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In 1941, when Germans attacked the USSR, the whole Russian front was retreating 40 km a day. Out of 6,500 defenders of Brest Fortress 6000 Soviet troops capitulated. 500 troops were fresh conscripts of Ingush and Chechen origin. Defenders held the fortress for over a month against the Germans. They even managed to stage several attacks from the Fortress. The last defender's name has been unknown for a long time. Recently, the memoirs of Stankus Antanas, a Lithuanian national and former Waffen SS officer, were published in Ingushetia. He recalls that in July 1941, his regiment was ordered to "finish off" the remaining Soviet soldiers in the fortress. When the Nazis decided that no defenders had been left alive, a Waffen SS general lined up his soldiers on the parade ground to award them with decorations for capturing the fortress. Then a tall and smart Red Army officer came out from the fortress's underground bunker. "He was blind because of his wounds and walked with his left arm extended forward. His right hand rested on a gun holster. He walked along the parade grounds wearing a ragged uniform, but his head was held high. The entire division was shocked at the sight. Approaching a shell-hole, he turned his face toward the west. The German general suddenly saluted this last defender of the Brest Fortress, and the rest of the officers followed suit. The Red Army officer drew a handgun and shot himself in the head. He fell on the ground facing Germany. A deep-drawn sigh aired over the parade grounds," Antanas recounts. "We all stood 'frozen' in awe of this brave man." His documents identified him as a man called Barkhanoyev. Decades later, official records revealed it was Umatgirei Barkhanoyev from the Ingush village of Yandare^[9]. Hitler and Mussolini personally visited the ruins of the Fortress after it was captured. A stretch of the ring barrack of the Citadel with projecting semi-tower on the left Brest Fortress in Brest, Belarus, formerly known as Brest-Litovsk Fortress (the Polish name of the city was Brześć Litewski), is one of the most important Soviet WWII war monuments marking the heroic and... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ...

In 1994-1996 Ingush volunteers fought alongside Chechens in the Russian-Chechen war. Ingushetia kept out of the war by determined non-violence^[10].

In response to an escalation in attacks by insurgents, Moscow in late July 2007 sent in an additional 2,500 interior ministry troops, almost tripling the number of special forces in Ingushetia. ^[11]

Politics

The head of government and the highest executive post in Ingushetia is the President.

Recent presidents :

• Ruslan Aushev: November 10, 1992 (Head of the Republic until March 7, 1993)—December 28, 2001
• Akhmed Malsagov (interim): December 28, 2001—May 23, 2002
• Murat Zyazikov: May 23, 2002—present

Recent Chairmen of the Government: Ruslan Aushev is the former Ingushetia president (March 1993 to December 2001). ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Murat Magometovich Zyazikov (Russian: Мура́т Магоме́тович Зя́зиков) (born September 10, 1957) is the president of the southern Russian republic of Ingushetia. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

• Ruslan Tatiyev: March 1993—July 1993
• Tamerlan Didigov: July 1993—March 1994
• Mukharbek Didigov: March 1994—December 1996
• Belan Khamchiyev: December 1996—August 1998
• Magomet-Bashir Darsigov: August 1998—November 25, 1999
• Akhmed Malsagov: November 25, 1999—June 15, 2002
• Sultan Gireyev (acting): June 15, 2002—August 26, 2002
• Viktor Aleksentsev: August 26, 2002 (acting to September 30, 2002)—June 19, 2003
• Timur Mogushkov: June 19, 2003—June 30, 2005
• Ibragim Malsagov: June 30, 2005—present

The parliament of the Republic is the People's Assembly comprising 34 deputees elected for a four year term. The People's Assembly is headed by the Chairman. As of 2006, the Chairman of the People's Assembly is Makhmud Sultanovich Sakalov. is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ...

The Constitution of Ingushetia was adopted on February 27, 1994. is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...

Ingushetia is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation. Logo of the UNPO The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is a democratic, international organization. ...

The capital was moved from Nazran to Magas in December 2002. Nazran (Russian: Назра́нь) is a town in Russia. ... Magas (Russian: Мага́с) is the capital of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. ...

Economy

There are some natural resources in Ingushetia: mineral water in Achaluki, oil and natural gas in Malgobek, forests in Dzheirakh, metals in Galashki. The local government is considering the development of tourism however this is problematic due to the standoff between NATO and Russia in the region. In many places, mineral water is often colloquially used to mean carbonated water (which is usually carbonated mineral water, as opposed to tap water). ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... This article is about forests as a massing of trees. ... For alternative meanings see metal (disambiguation). ... “Tourist” redirects here. ... This article is about the military alliance. ...

Religion

Most Ingush people are Sunni Muslims of various Sufi orders. Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ...

See also

• Music of Ingushetia

Traditional Ingush musical instruments include the zurna (similar to a clarinet), dekhch-pandr (similar to a balalaika), kekhat pondur (accordion, played mostly by girls), violin (with three strings), drums and tambourine. ...

References

Science is the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• (English) About Ingushetia
• (Russian) Official website of Ingushetia.
• (Russian) Ingushetiya.ru—an unofficial website of Ingushetia.
• (Russian) The first president of Ingushetia Ruslan Aushev's website.
• (English) History, Language and culture of Ingushetia at Berkeley. CA.
• (Russian) Ingush Music/Video/Literature website.
• (Russian) Magas, Ingush youth website.
• (Russian) President of Ingushetia's website.

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