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Encyclopedia > Inherit the Wind

Inherit the Wind is a play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee, which opened on Broadway in January 1955, a 1960 Hollywood film based on the play, and three television remakes. It was recently brought back onto Broadway in a revival. The play's title comes from Proverbs 11:29, which in the King James Bible reads: Jerome Lawrence Schwartz (July 14, 1915 in Cleveland, Ohio - February 29, 2004 in Malibu, California) was an American playwright. ... Robert Edwin Lee (October 15, 1918 - July 8, 1994), was a playwright and lyricist. ... For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ... The year 1960 in film involved some significant events. ... Hollywood redirects here. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... The Book of Proverbs is one of the books of the Ketuvim of the Tanakh and of the Writings of the Old Testament. ... The King James or Authorized Version of the Bible is an English translation of the Christian Bible first published in 1611. ...

He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind:
and the fool shall be servant to the wise of heart.

Inherit the Wind is a fictionalized account of the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial, which resulted in John T. Scopes' conviction for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to a high school science class, contrary to a Tennessee state law that proscribed the teaching of anything besides creationism. The fictional characters Matthew Harrison Brady, Henry Drummond, Bertram Cates and E. K. Hornbeck correspond to the historical figures of William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow, John Scopes, and H. L. Mencken, respectively. The Scopes Trial (, often called the Scopes Monkey Trial) was an American legal case that tested a law passed on March 13, 1925, which forbade the teaching, in any state-funded educational establishment in Tennessee, of any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught... John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970), a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee at the age of 24, was charged on May 25, 1925 with violating Tennessees Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... Charles Darwin Darwinism is a term for the underlying theory in those ideas of Charles Darwin concerning evolution and natural selection. ... This article is about evolution in biology. ... For other uses, see High school (disambiguation). ... Science education is the field concerned with sharing science content and process with individuals not traditionally considered part of the scientific community. ... This article is about the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... For the United Kingdom Butler Education Act, see Education Act 1944. ... Creationism is a religious belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe were created in their original form by a deity or deities (often the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam), whose existence is presupposed. ... For other persons of the same name, see William Bryan. ... Clarence Seward Darrow (April 18, 1857 Kinsman Township, Trumbull County, Ohio - March 13, 1938 Chicago) was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Bobby Franks (1924) and... H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken (September 12, 1880, Baltimore – January 29, 1956, Baltimore), was a journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of the American English. ...


Despite numerous similarities between the play and history, the play was not intended as a documentary-drama about the Scopes trial, but instead as a warning against dogmatism and the "evils" of McCarthyism.[1] // Docudramas tend to demonstrate some or most of the following characteristics: A strict focus on the facts of the event being treated, as they are known; A tendency to avoid overt commentary or authorial editorializing; The use of literary and narrative techniques to flesh out or render story-like the... A 1947 comic book published by the Catechetical Guild Educational Society warning of the supposed dangers of a Communist takeover. ...

Contents

Synopsis

The play starts out with two pivotal characters named Howard and Melinda hanging out at the lawn of Hillsboro courthouse, Howard looking for worms after a large rainstorm. Howard tells Melinda, "When the whole world was covered with water, there was nuthin' but worms and blobs of jelly. And you and your whole family was worms!"


We are then introduced to Rachel, who goes to the courthouse to visit colleague Bert Cates in jail. Mr. Meeker gladly let them talk while keeping Rachel's promise of not telling her father. After a small conversation between Bert and Rachel, we find out Bert was jailed for teaching Darwinian theory in a public high school. Rachel attempts to get Bert to admit he was sorry and "did wrong" but Bert believes he did not do anything wrong. Rachel leaves after failing, not before Cates embraces her, asking her to love him.


The play switches to the arrival of Matthew Harrison Brady, and the arrival of reporters and spectators. The small town welcomes Brady into their community and throw a picnic for him and his services. The arrival of Henry Drummond, for the defense, is not received very well because he is agnostic. The play speeds up as the trial begins for Cates and the battle between the two oratorical giants of the era.


The film

Inherit the Wind
Directed by Stanley Kramer
Produced by Stanley Kramer
Written by Jerome Lawrence (play)
Robert E. Lee (play)
Nedrick Young
Harold Jacob Smith
Starring Spencer Tracy
Fredric March
Gene Kelly
Dick York
Donna Anderson
Music by Ernest Gold
Cinematography Ernest Laszlo, ASC
Editing by Frederic Knudtson
Distributed by United Artists
Release date(s) October 12, 1960
Running time 128 min.
Country USA
Language English
IMDb profile

The play is the basis of a 1960 Hollywood film of the same name, starring Spencer Tracy (Drummond) and Fredric March (Brady), and featuring Gene Kelly (Hornbeck), Dick York (Cates), Harry Morgan (Judge), Donna Anderson (Rachel Brown), Claude Akins (Rev. Brown), Noah Beery, Jr. (Stebbins), Florence Eldridge (Mrs. Brady), and Jimmy Boyd (Howard). The movie was adapted by Nedrick Young (originally as Nathan E. Douglas) and Harold Jacob Smith, and directed by Stanley Kramer. Image File history File links Inherit-the-Wind-poster. ... Stanley Kramer (September 29, 1913 – February 19, 2001) was a Jewish-American film director and producer. ... Stanley Kramer (September 29, 1913 – February 19, 2001) was a Jewish-American film director and producer. ... Jerome Lawrence Schwartz (July 14, 1915 in Cleveland, Ohio - February 29, 2004 in Malibu, California) was an American playwright. ... Robert Edwin Lee (October 15, 1918 - July 8, 1994), was a playwright and lyricist. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American film and stage actor who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. ... Fredric March (August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American actor. ... For the similarly-named American actress, see Jean Kelly. ... Dick York (September 4, 1928 – February 20, 1992) was an American actor in radio, Broadway stage, and television. ... Donna Anderson (born 23 July 1925, in Akiak, Alaska, USA) is an American leading lady who had a film career as a character actress during the 1960s and 70s. ... Ernest Gold (born July 13, 1921, Vienna, Austria; died March 17 Santa Monica, California, 1999) was an Austrian-born Jewish-American Academy Award winning composer of the theme from the movie Exodus. ... Ernest Laszlo (April 23, 1898–January 6, 1984) was an American cinematographer. ... Frederic Knudtson (1906 - 1964) was an editor whose career stretched from 1932 until his sudden death in 1964, which ironically came at the peak of his career when he racked up five Academy Award nominations in six years. ... This article is about the film studio. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American film and stage actor who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. ... Fredric March (August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American actor. ... For the similarly-named American actress, see Jean Kelly. ... Dick York (September 4, 1928 – February 20, 1992) was an American actor in radio, Broadway stage, and television. ... For German porn star and director, see Harry S. Morgan. ... Donna Anderson (born 23 July 1925, in Akiak, Alaska, USA) is an American leading lady who had a film career as a character actress during the 1960s and 70s. ... Claude Marion Akins was an American actor (born May 25, 1926, in Nelson, Georgia - died January 27, 1994, in Altadena, California). ... Noah Beery (August 10, 1913 – November 1, 1994) was an American actor specializing in warm, friendly character parts similar to the ones played by his legendary uncle Wallace Beery, although Noah Beery, Jr. ... Florence Eldridge (September 5, 1901 - August 1, 1988) was an American film actress. ... Jimmy Boyd (born January 9, 1939) is an American singer, musician, and actor. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Stanley Kramer (September 29, 1913 – February 19, 2001) was a Jewish-American film director and producer. ...


At the Berlin International Film Festival, March received the Silver Bear Award for Best Actor, and the film was nominated for the Golden Bear award. The movie was also nominated for the following Academy Awards: Best Actor in a Leading Role (Spencer Tracy), Best Cinematography, Black-and-White, Best Film Editing and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium. It was also nominated for BAFTA Best Film and Best Foreign Actor. One of the A festivals in Europe. ... Binomial name Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 The Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) is a species of bear that can reach weights of 130-700 kg (300 to 1500 pounds). ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. ... Charles Rosher the first recipient in 1928 The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is awarded each year to a cinematographer for his work in one particular motion picture. ... The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934. ... The Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent film awards in the United States. ... The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organization that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, childrens film and television, and interactive media. ...


The film deviates from the play, most notably by reducing the unidimensionality of some of the characters. In the film but not the play, the reporter E.K. Hornbeck (based on the real-life journalist H.L. Mencken) is an intolerant atheist, and Bertram Cates leaves the town of Hillsboro. Furthermore, the friendship of Drummond and Brady is emphasized as they respectfully explain their positions in a cordial private conversation. H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken (September 12, 1880 - January 29, 1956) was a twentieth century journalist and social critic, a cynic and a freethinker, known as the Sage of Baltimore and the American Nietzsche. He is often regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the early 20th... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ...


The film incorporates more of the actual trial transcript than does the stage play, most notably the incident in which Clarence Darrow is cited for contempt of court. The film includes a sequence where a mob harasses Cates in his jail cell and then threatens Drummond at his hotel. That same night, a conversation with Hornbeck inspires Drummond to call Brady as a witness, to expose the contradictions that result from a literal interpretation of the Bible. Clarence Seward Darrow (April 18, 1857 Kinsman Township, Trumbull County, Ohio - March 13, 1938 Chicago) was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Bobby Franks (1924) and...


The blurb for the 2002 DVD release of the film included the following factoid: "In 1960, Inherit the Wind became the world's first in-flight movie when Trans World Airlines used it to lure first-class passengers!" Mount Isa, Australia, is often incorrectly referred to as the largest city in the world by area Toronto, Canada, was never designated by UNESCO as the worlds most multicultural city Factoid can refer to a spurious (unverified, incorrect, or invented) fact intended to create or prolong public exposure or...


Cast

Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American film and stage actor who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. ... Fredric March (August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American actor. ... For the similarly-named American actress, see Jean Kelly. ... Dick York (September 4, 1928 – February 20, 1992) was an American actor in radio, Broadway stage, and television. ... Donna Anderson (born 23 July 1925, in Akiak, Alaska, USA) is an American leading lady who had a film career as a character actress during the 1960s and 70s. ... For German porn star and director, see Harry S. Morgan. ... Claude Marion Akins was an American actor (born May 25, 1926, in Nelson, Georgia - died January 27, 1994, in Altadena, California). ... For the fictional character on the TV show Scrubs, see Elliot Reid Elliott Reid (born January 16, 1920), is a character actor. ... Jimmy Boyd (born January 9, 1939) is an American singer, musician, and actor. ... Noah Beery (August 10, 1913 – November 1, 1994) was an American actor specializing in warm, friendly character parts similar to the ones played by his legendary uncle Wallace Beery, although Noah Beery, Jr. ... Norman Fell (born Norman Feld March 24, 1924 – December 14, 1998) was a Golden Globe award-winning American film and television actor most famous for his role as landlord Mr. ...

Inherit the Wind and history

Henry Drummond (Tracy, left) and Matthew Harrison Brady (March, right)
Henry Drummond (Tracy, left) and Matthew Harrison Brady (March, right)

Although the play quotes extensively from the trial transcript, the play and filmscript indulge in much poetic license, in that they did not try to present the Scopes trial as it actually happened, but instead use it as the historical launching point for a fictional story, embellishing events for dramatic effect. In this respect, Inherit the Wind resembles Arthur Miller's play The Crucible. Both employ historical events to comment on controversies at the time they were written. Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American film and stage actor who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. ... Fredric March (August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American actor. ... Artistic licence or license (US), also known as dramatic license/licence, is a colloquial term used to denote the liberties an artist may take in the name of art — for example, if an artist decided it was more artistically correct to portray St. ... Arthur Bob Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American playwright and essayist. ... For the 1996 film, see The Crucible (1996 film). ...


The play was intended to criticize the anti-Communist investigations of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and Senator Joseph McCarthy, though Brady — characterized in both play and screen versions as a sincere man and a figure of former greatness — cannot be mistaken for the then-junior senator of Wisconsin, who is generally considered by mainstream historians to have been a political opportunist and a hypocrite with no genuine accomplishments who was censured by the Senate. The authors used the historical Scopes trial as the background for a drama that comments on and explores the threats to intellectual freedom presented by the anti-communist hysteria. HUAC hearings The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC or HCUA,[1] 1938–1975) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... This article is about the U.S. senator from Wisconsin (1947-1957). ... Intellectual Freedom is a human right. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...


The play includes a note reminding the reader that "Inherit the Wind is not history." The characters have different names from the historical figures on whom they are based, and the play "does not pretend to be journalism." The authors go on to argue that "the issues of [Bryan and Darrow's] conflict have acquired new dimension and meaning" in the 30 years since the actual courtroom clash. They do not set the play in 1925 but instead say that "It might have been yesterday. It could be tomorrow." This timelessness of the setting can be seen as a warning about repeating the wrongs of the past, which can recur unless we are vigilant. During the play's original Broadway run, it was widely understood as a critique of McCarthyism, but subsequent interpretations have been more literal, given the resurgence of the creation-evolution controversy after the play and film appeared, and the events of the film are sometimes incorrectly taken as a near recreation of the trial. The creation-evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. ...


Despite the authors' warnings and the fact that the play and the film are about defending truth from ignorance, both play and film contain major inaccuracies. Inherit the Wind portrays the Cates/Scopes character as unfairly persecuted when, in reality, the ACLU was looking for a test case with a teacher as defendant, and a group of Dayton businessmen persuaded Scopes to be a defendant, hoping that the publicity surrounding the trial would help put the town back on the map and revive its ailing economy. Scopes was never in the slightest danger of being jailed.[citation needed] The American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, is a non_governmental organization devoted to defending civil rights and civil liberties in the United States. ...


Inherit the Wind has been criticized for stereotyping Christians as hostile, hate-filled bigots. For example, the character of Reverend Jeremiah Brown whips his congregation into a frenzy and calls down hellfire on his own daughter for being in love with Bertram Cates. In fact, no such event took place — Scopes had no girlfriend and the character of Rev. Brown is fictitious.[citation needed] The 1960 film depicts a prayer meeting during which some express hostility about Drummond and Cates, but Brady intervenes to calm the situation, urging a gentler and more forgiving strain of Christianity than the minister's. For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ...


In reality, the people of Dayton were generally very kind and cordial to Darrow, who attested to this fact during the trial as follows:

"I don't know as I was ever in a community in my life where my religious ideas differed as widely from the great mass as I have found them since I have been in Tennessee. Yet I came here a perfect stranger and I can say what I have said before that I have not found upon any body's part — any citizen here in this town or outside the slightest discourtesy. I have been treated better, kindlier and more hospitably than I fancied would have been the case in the north." (trial transcript, pp. 225–226)

The film does justice to this fact in the scene where Drummond first meets the Hillsboro town mayor, and also in Drummond's interactions with Cates' students.


Specific differences

The specific differences between the events of the Scopes trial and the dramatized versions of events in the play and in the film are as follows:

(P) = the published play
(M) = the 1960 movie
(M/P) = both versions
  • (M) When Bertram Cates is arrested in the classroom and the sheriff asks his name, Cates replies "Come off it Sam, you've known me all my life." In reality, Scopes was born in Kentucky, went to high school in Illinois, and moved to Dayton in 1924 after graduating from the University of Kentucky.
  • (M/P) Brady, in answer to Drummond's question about the Origin of Species, says he has no interest in "the pagan hypotheses of that book". In reality, Bryan was familiar with Darwin's writings and quoted them extensively during the trial.
  • (M/P) Brady was opposed to Darwinism only on religious grounds. Moreover, while Bryan was a fundamentalist in his theological views, his political and economic views were quite progressive. He opposed eugenics, and rejected the way in which Social Darwinism and its doctrine of "only the strong survive" had been invoked to justify the cutthroat tactics of many a Gilded Age Robber Baron.
  • (M/P) In answer to a question from Drummond, Brady declares that the original sin of Adam and Eve was their discovery of sexual intercourse. In reality, the confrontation between Bryan and Darrow never mentioned sex, and virtually all forms of Christianity approve marital intercourse.
  • (M/P) Brady betrays Cates' girlfriend, the local preacher's daughter, by questioning her in court about information she told him in confidence. In real life, Scopes did not have a girlfriend,[citation needed] and Bryan did not ask anyone who was under oath to betray any confidences.
  • (M/P) When the verdict is announced, Brady protests, loudly and angrily, that the fine is too lenient. In reality, Scopes was fined the minimum the law required, and Bryan offered to pay the fine.
  • (M/P) Drummond is portrayed as involved in the trial out of a desire to prevent Cates from being jailed by bigots. In reality Scopes was never in danger of being jailed. In his autobiography and in a letter to H.L. Mencken, Darrow later acknowledged that he took part in the trial simply to attack Bryan and the fundamentalists.
  • (M) The plot line regarding Mr and Mrs Stebbins and the death of their son by drowning is allegedly based on a true incident. In fact the event occurred several years earlier — before Scopes ever moved to Dayton — and is believed to have motivated George Rappleyea to turn against fundamentalist Christianity.
  • (M/P) After the trial and Brady's death, Drummond says that Brady had once been a great man. E.K. Hornbeck brushes that aside saying that the man had died of a "busted belly." According to Jeffery P. Moran's The Scopes Trial, it was Darrow who claimed that Bryan had died of a busted belly, with Mencken gloating "Well, we killed the son of a bitch."
  • (P) Hornbeck is depicted as an atheist. H. L. Mencken was in fact an agnostic whose writings attacked only certain aspects of Christianity, such as infant damnation, Biblical literalism, predestination, and hostility to Darwin. But he had no real quarrel with the Protestant mainstream of his day, and admired Catholic ritual. Mencken was no progressive paragon and did not trust democracy based on universal suffrage. His German sympathies were so strong that he opposed American participation in both world wars, and dismissed criticism of Hitler in the 1930s.

The 1859 edition of On the Origin of Species First published in 1859, The Origin of Species (full title On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life) by British naturalist Charles Darwin is one of the pivotal... Charles Darwin Darwinism is a term for the underlying theory in those ideas of Charles Darwin concerning evolution and natural selection. ... Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution: Logo from the Second International Eugenics Conference [10], 1921, depicting it as a tree which unites a variety of different fields. ... Social Darwinism is the idea that Charles Darwins theory can be extended and applied to the social realm, i. ... <math> </math></math> The Breakers, a gilded-age mansion in Newport, Rhode Island. ... John D. Rockefeller Sr. ... Original Sin redirects here. ... Michelangelos The Creation of Adam, a fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, shows God creating Adam, with Eve in His arm. ... Michelangelos The Creation of Eve, a fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, shows God creating Eve from the side of Adam. ... It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ... H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken (September 12, 1880 - January 29, 1956) was a twentieth century journalist and social critic, a cynic and a freethinker, known as the Sage of Baltimore and the American Nietzsche. He is often regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the early 20th... George Washington Rappleyea was a New Yorker who was the manager of the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company in Dayton, Tennessee in the summer of 1925 when he became the chief architect of the Scopes Trial. ... H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken (September 12, 1880, Baltimore – January 29, 1956, Baltimore), was a journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of the American English. ... The term agnosticism and the related agnostic were coined by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1869. ... Predestination (also linked with foreknowledge) is a religious concept, which involves the relationship between the beginning of things and their destinies. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, intelligence, or economic or social status. ... Hitler redirects here. ...

Inherit the Wind on television

In 1965 the play aired on television with Melvyn Douglas as Drummond and Ed Begley as Brady. In 1988, a rewrite of the Kramer movie shown on NBC starred Jason Robards as Drummond, Kirk Douglas as Brady and Darren McGavin as Hornbeck. Another version aired in 1999 with another pair of Oscar winners, Jack Lemmon and George C. Scott, as Drummond and Brady respectively, and Beau Bridges as Hornbeck. For their performances, Douglas, Begley, and Bridges received Emmy nominations, Robards won the Emmy Award and Lemmon won a Golden Globe award and an Emmy nomination. The 1988 production also won the Emmy for Outstanding Drama/Comedy Special. Melvyn Edouard Hesselberg (April 5, 1901 – August 4, 1981), better known as Melvyn Douglas, was an American actor who won all three of the entertainment industrys highest awards, two Oscars, one Tony and an Emmy. ... Edward James Begley (March 25, 1901 – April 28, 1970) was an American film actor. ... The National Broadcasting Company or NBC is an American television broadcasting company based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch[1] on December 9, 1916) is an iconic Academy Award-winning American actor and film producer known for his cleft chin, his gravelly voice and his recurring roles as the kinds of characters Douglas himself once described as sons of bitches. He is also father... William Lyle Richardson (May 7, 1922 – February 25, 2006), who adopted the name Darren McGavin, was an American actor best known for playing the title role in the television horror series Kolchak: The Night Stalker, and also his portrayal in the movie A Christmas Story of the grumpy father given... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... John Uhler Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001), better known as Jack Lemmon, was a two-time Academy Award and Cannes Award-winning American actor and comedian. ... George Campbell Scott (October 18, 1927 - September 22, 1999) was a stage and film actor, director, and producer. ... Beau Bridges, (born Lloyd Vernet Bridges III on December 9, 1941 in Los Angeles, California), is an American actor. ... Melvyn Edouard Hesselberg (April 5, 1901 – August 4, 1981), better known as Melvyn Douglas, was an American actor who won all three of the entertainment industrys highest awards, two Oscars, one Tony and an Emmy. ... Edward James Begley (March 25, 1901 – April 28, 1970) was an American film actor. ... Beau Bridges, (born Lloyd Vernet Bridges III on December 9, 1941 in Los Angeles, California), is an American actor. ... An Emmy Award. ... An Emmy Award. ... The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and television programs, given out each year during a formal dinner. ... An Emmy Award. ... An Emmy Award. ...


See also

  • Trial movies

Trial movies is a film Genre of movies . ...

Footnotes

  1. ^ Showdown in Tennessee. Retrieved on 2007-12-02.

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links and references

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
For the in-memory database management system, see In-memory database. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Internet Broadway Database The Internet Broadway Database (IBDb) is an online database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel. ... Stanley Kramer (September 29, 1913 – February 19, 2001) was a Jewish-American film director and producer. ... Not as a Stranger was a 1954 novel written by Morton Thompson. ... French movie poster for The Pride and The Passion The Pride and the Passion is an 1957 historical film drama made by Stanley Kramer productions and released by United Artists. ... The Defiant Ones is a 1958 film which tells about two escaped prisoners who are shackled together, one white and one black, who must co-operate in order to survive. ... On the Beach is a 1959 movie based on Nevil Shutes novel of the same name featuring Gregory Peck (USS Sawfish captain Dwight Lionel Towers), Ava Gardner (Moira Davidson), Fred Astaire (scientist Julian – John in the novel – Osborne) and Anthony Perkins (Australian naval officer Peter Holmes). ... Judgment at Nuremberg (released in the UK as Judgement at Nuremberg) (1961) is a fictionalized film account of the post-World War II Nuremberg Trials, written by Abby Mann and directed by Stanley Kramer, starring Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Marlene Dietrich, Maximilian Schell, Judy Garland, Montgomery Clift, Werner... Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World is an American motion picture directed by Stanley Kramer about the madcap pursuit of $350,000 of stolen cash by a diverse and colourful group of strangers. ... Ship of Fools is a 1965 film which tells the overlapping stories of several passengers aboard an ocean liner during the 1930s. ... For the 1981 album by Black Uhuru, see Guess Whos Coming to Dinner (album). ... The Secret of Santa Vittoria is a 1969 film made by Stanley Kramer Productions and distributed by United Artists. ... Bless the Beasts and Children is a 1971 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout. ... The Domino Principle is a 1977 thriller starred by Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen and Richard Widmark. ...

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