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Encyclopedia > Inner Circle (London Underground)
Circle
Colour on map Yellow
Year opened 1884
Line type Sub-Surface
Rolling stock C Stock
Stations served 27
Length (km) 22.5
Length (miles) 14
Depots Hammersmith
Neasden
Journeys made 68,485,000 (per annum)
Rail lines of
Transport for London
London Underground lines
  Bakerloo
  Central
  Circle
  District
  East London
  Hammersmith & City
  Jubilee
  Metropolitan
  Northern
  Piccadilly
  Victoria
  Waterloo & City
Other lines
  Docklands Light Railway
  Tramlink
  Overground (starts November 2007)
Portal:London Transport London Transport Portal

The Circle Line of the London Underground became known as such in 1949, when it was designated separately from its parent lines, the Metropolitan Line and the District Line, although it had been shown on Underground maps since 1947. It can be thought of as a "virtual line", as the Circle Line does not have any stations for its sole use. This is because the Circle Line was created from two previously-existing lines (see history below). The only two sections of track over which the Circle Line operates exclusively are the chords between High Street Kensington and Gloucester Road, and between Tower Hill and Aldgate. The line has interchanges with most of the major London terminals (all but Marylebone, Euston, London Bridge and Waterloo). 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... C Stock is the name given to the trains currently running on London Undergrounds Circle and Hammersmith and City lines as well as on the District Line between Edgware Road and Wimbledon. ... Transport For London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for most aspects of the transport system throughout Greater London in England. ... The London Underground is an electric railway system that covers much of Greater London and some neighbouring areas. ... The Bakerloo Line is a line of the London Underground and coloured brown on the Tube map. ... Tube Portal The Central Line is a line of the London Underground and coloured red on the tube map. ... The District Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured green on the Tube map. ... The East London Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured orange on the Tube map. ... The Hammersmith and City Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured salmon pink on the Tube map, running between Hammersmith and Aldgate East, extending to Barking in the rush hours. ... The Jubilee Line is a line on the London Underground, coloured silver grey on the Tube map. ... London Transport Portal The Metropolitan Line is part of the London Underground, coloured violet on the Tube map. ... For other uses, see Northern Line (disambiguation). ... The Piccadilly Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. ... The Victoria Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured light blue on the Tube map. ... The Waterloo & City Line is a short underground metro line in London, formally opened on 11 July 1898. ... London Transport Portal The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) is a light rail system serving the redeveloped Docklands area of east London, England. ... Tramlink (initially known as Croydon Tramlink) is a public transport tramway in south London, operated by FirstGroup on behalf of Transport for London. ... London Overground [1] is the network of rail services in London, United Kingdom to be provided by the London Rail division of Transport for London (TfL) from 11 November 2007. ... Image File history File links Portal. ... The London Underground is an electric railway system that covers much of Greater London and some neighbouring areas. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... London Transport Portal The Metropolitan Line is part of the London Underground, coloured violet on the Tube map. ... The District Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured green on the Tube map. ... The Circle Line of the London Underground became known as such in 1949, when it was separated from its parent lines, the Metropolitan Line and the District Line, although it had been shown on Underground maps since 1947. ... The National Rail network of the United Kingdom does not have one main London railway station in London, England. ... Marylebone station or London Marylebone station is a National Rail and London Underground station in central London. ... London Bridge station is a National Rail and London Underground station in the London Borough of Southwark, which occupies a large area on two levels, immediately south-east of London Bridge and 1. ... Facade of Waterloo Station, London Waterloo is a major train station and transport interchange located in the Waterloo district of London, which was itself named after the Battle of Waterloo in which Napoleon was defeated near Brussels. ...


As the name implies, trains on the line run a continuous circuit. A complete journey around the line would take 45 minutes, but time-tabling constraints mean that each train has a scheduled two-minute stop at High Street Kensington and Aldgate, extending the time required for a full circuit to 49 minutes. This allows the service to operate with seven trains in each direction with a seven-minute service interval. It has 27 stations and 14 miles (22.5 km) of track. There are usually quicker routes on other lines when travelling from south to north or vice versa. In the north, east and west of central London, the Circle Line approximately outlines Travelcard Zone 1, but in the south there is a substantial portion of the zone outside the Circle Line. It and the two-stop Waterloo & City Line are the only lines completely within Zone 1. A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ... km redirects here. ... Travelcard Zone 1 is the central zone of Transport for Londons zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal Travelcard fares within London. ... The Waterloo & City Line is a short underground metro line in London, formally opened on 11 July 1898. ...

Contents

History

see main article Metropolitan and Metropolitan District Railways

The route now known as the Circle Line was authorised when Acts of Parliament in 1853 and 1854 empowered the Metropolitan Railway (MR) and the Metropolitan District Railway (MDR) to construct the world's first underground railway in central London. From an initial section between Farringdon and Paddington stations, the route was gradually extended at each end. Financial difficulties in the construction of the section through the City of London as well as animosity between the two railway companies delayed completion of the full circuit until 6 October 1884, although it had been known as the Inner Circle since the 1870s. This is a historical article. ... An Act of Parliament or Act is law enacted by the parliament (see legislation). ... This is a historical article. ... This is a historical article. ... Farringdon station platforms Farringdon station is a London Underground and National Rail station in Farringdon, just north of the City of London in the London Borough of Islington. ... Paddington Station, March 2005 during rush hour Paddington station or London Paddington station is a major National Rail and London Underground station complex in the Paddington area of London. ... The City of London is a geographically-small city within Greater London, England. ... October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... // The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ...


Trains on the route were originally hauled by steam engines, but electrification was started with an experimental section in 1900. A disagreement between the two companies over the method of electrification delayed the exercise, so that the first electric trains were introduced gradually over the 11 days to 24 September 1905. Union Pacific Big Boy #4012 at work on a cold November 29, 1941 A steam locomotive is a locomotive powered by steam. ... Electrification refers to changing a thing or system to operate using electricity. ... Modern three-phase AC locomotive (DBAG Class 152) A GG1 An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electric motors which draws current from an overhead wire (overhead lines), a third rail, or an on-board storage device such as a battery or a flywheel energy storage system. ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...


Other Circle Routes

The Inner Circle and other circular routes
The Inner Circle and other circular routes

The success of the Inner Circle lead to the operation of a number of other circular routes within the capital, over existing main line routes and sections of the MR's and MDR's Inner Circle tracks:

These routes failed to attract the passenger numbers hoped for and were eventually cut-back or ended - other services on the lines continued. Today parts of the Outer Circle and Super Outer Circle routes are operated by Silverlink trains on the North London Line. Plans to complete an outer rail loop have been relaunched under the name Orbirail.[1] Trains at Aldgate tube station Entrance to Aldgate tube station Aldgate tube station is a London Underground station located at Aldgate in the City of London. ... Mansion House entrance Mansion House is a London Underground station in the City of London, near Mansion House (although Bank is actually closer). ... Kensington (Olympia) station is a railway and tube station in West London. ... The Outer Circle was a railway route in London operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries over tracks which are now mainly owned by Network Rail but include parts of the London Underground. ... The Broad Street branch line in 1899 Class 501 train waiting for departure at Broad Street Broad Street station was a major railway station in the City of London, which served as the terminus for the North London Railway. ... Willesden Junction station is both a London Underground station and main-line station in Harlesden, NW10. ... The Super Outer Circle was a railway route in London operated between 1878 and 1880 over tracks which are now mainly owned by Network Rail but include parts of the London Underground. ... St Pancras station is a railway station in north central London, England, between the new British Library building to its west and Kings Cross station to its east. ... Earls Court tube station is a London Underground station in Earls Court (note the inconsistency of spelling between the tube station and the above-ground area). ... Cricklewood railway station is in the London Borough of Barnet in North London. ... South Acton railway station is in the London Borough of Ealing in West London. ... Silverlink Trains is a regional franchise in the British railway system with routes in suburban London and from London to Northampton. ... The North London Line is a railway line through northern London. ... Orbirail is a suggested orbital railway system around London which would involve the extended East London Line, North London Line, West London Line, South London Line and Gospel Oak to Barking Line. ...


7 July 2005 terrorist attack

On 7 July 2005, two Circle Line trains were bombed. The blasts occurred almost simultaneously at 08:50 BST, one between Liverpool Street and Aldgate and the other on a train at Edgware Road, damaging that train, and causing a tunnel to collapse on another train passing through the station. July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing daylight saving British Summer Time (BST) is the changing of the clocks in effect in the United Kingdom and Irish Summer Time (IST) in Republic of Ireland between the last Sunday in March and the last Sunday in October each... Liverpool Street station, also called London Liverpool Street, is a mainline railway station and connected London Underground station in the north eastern corner of the City of London, the main financial district, with entrances on Bishopsgate and Liverpool Street itself. ... Trains at Aldgate tube station Entrance to Aldgate tube station Aldgate tube station is a London Underground station located at Aldgate in the City of London. ... Edgware Road, Bakerloo Line Edgware Road, Hammersmith and City Line Edgware Road tube station is the name given to two separate tube stations on London Underground. ...


Following the attacks, the whole of the Circle Line was closed. While most other lines re-opened on 8 July, the Circle remained closed for several weeks, reopening a little less than a month after the attacks, on 4 August. At least 14 people were killed by the blasts in the Circle. A third attack occurred on the Piccadilly Line between King's Cross St Pancras and Russell Square. July 8 is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 176 days remaining. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... The Piccadilly Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. ...


See 7 July 2005 London Bombings for more information The 7 July 2005 London bombings were a series of coordinated terrorist bomb blasts that hit Londons public transport system during the morning rush hour. ...


Trains

All Circle line trains are in the distinctive London Underground livery of red, white and blue and are the larger size of the two sizes used on the network. C Stock is the name given to the trains currently running on London Undergrounds Circle and Hammersmith and City lines as well as on the District Line between Edgware Road and Wimbledon. ... The London Underground is an electric railway system that covers much of Greater London and some neighbouring areas. ...


Future

The Circle Line could cease to exist in its current form in 2011 and be merged with the Hammersmith & City Line to form a spiral route. The new route would run from Hammersmith to Paddington and then do a complete loop of the current Circle Line, terminating at Edgware Road. The Hammersmith and City Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured salmon pink on the Tube map, running between Hammersmith and Aldgate East, extending to Barking in the rush hours. ... Hammersmith tube station is a London Underground station in Hammersmith. ... Paddington station or London Paddington is the name of a major railway station in the Paddington area of London, which is the London terminus for long distance trains to the West of England and South Wales and some West London commuter services. ... Edgware Road, Bakerloo Line Edgware Road, Hammersmith and City Line Edgware Road tube station is the name given to two separate tube stations on London Underground. ...


Orbital routes have an intrinsic timetabling robustness problem. The trains are constantly "in orbit" so there is little scope for "recovery time" if they are delayed. A single delay can have long lasting knock on effects and be much more disruptive than on a non-orbital railway. Recovery time can be created by timetabling for longer stops at some stations but this increases journey times and reduces train frequency. The proposed spiral route would remove this problem because there would be adequate recovery time at both ends of the route.[2][3][4]


Map


Stations

in order, clockwise from Paddington

Paddington Station, March 2005 during rush hour Paddington station or London Paddington station is a major National Rail and London Underground station complex in the Paddington area of London. ... Maidenhead Railway Bridge The Great Western Main Line is a main line railway in England, which includes routes westwards from London to South Wales, Cornwall and other districts. ... Edgware Road, Bakerloo Line Edgware Road, Hammersmith and City Line Edgware Road tube station is the name given to two separate tube stations on London Underground. ... Baker Street tube station is a station on the London Underground located on Baker Street. ... Great Portland Street tube station Great Portland Street is a London Underground station near Regents Park. ... Categories: Circle Line stations | Hammersmith & City Line stations | Metropolitan Line stations | London Underground stubs ... Euston station, also known as London Euston, is a major railway station to the north of central London and in the London Borough of Camden. ... The WCML running alongside the M1 motorway at Watford Gap in Northamptonshire A Virgin Pendolino and freight train on the WCML The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important intercity railway lines in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. ... Kings Cross St Pancras tube station is the London Underground station serving both Kings Cross and St Pancras main line stations in the London Borough of Camden. ... The Midland Main Line is a main railway line in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. ... The East Coast Main Line viaduct at Durham. ... Farringdon station platforms Farringdon station is a London Underground and National Rail station in Farringdon, just north of the City of London in the London Borough of Islington. ... Barbican tube station Barbican is a London Underground and mainline rail station serving the Barbican Centre in the City of London. ... Moorgate station is a London Underground and National Rail station in the City of London, on Moorgate, north of London Wall. ... Liverpool Street station, also called London Liverpool Street, is a mainline railway station and connected London Underground station in the north eastern corner of the City of London, the main financial district, with entrances on Bishopsgate and Liverpool Street itself. ... The Great Eastern Main Line is the railway line from London Liverpool Street to Ipswich and Norwich. ... Trains at Aldgate tube station Entrance to Aldgate tube station Aldgate tube station is a London Underground station located at Aldgate in the City of London. ... Categories: Circle Line stations | District Line stations | London Underground stubs ... For the station called Monument on the Tyne and Wear Metro, see Monument Metro station Bank and Monument are interlinked stations, spanning the length of King William Street in the City of London. ... Cannon Street is a National Rail and London Underground station complex in the City of London, the financial district of London in England. ... Categories: Circle Line stations | District Line stations | London Underground stubs ... Blackfriars station is a London Underground and National Rail station complex in the City of London, England. ... Categories: Circle Line stations | District Line stations | London Underground stubs ... Embankment station, April 2002 Embankment tube station is a London Underground station in the City of Westminster. ... For other items relating to Westminster, see Westminster (disambiguation) Westminster tube station on the London Underground serves the Circle, District and Jubilee lines. ... Image File history File links Wheelchair. ... Entrance to St Jamess Park Underground station St Jamess Park is a London Underground station by St Jamess Park in the City of Westminster. ... Victoria station in London is a London Underground and National Rail station in the City of Westminster. ... Sloane Square tube station is a London Underground station in Sloane Square, Chelsea. ... Located on Cromwell Road in South Kensington, London, South Kensington tube station is the closest London Underground station to the Natural History, Science and Victoria and Albert Museums, as well as to Imperial College. ... District line building Piccadilly line building Gloucester Road is a London Underground station in Kensington, near the intersection of Gloucester Road and Cromwell Road. ... High Street Kensington is a London Underground station at High Street in Kensington. ... Notting Hill Gate tube station is a London Underground station in Notting Hill. ... Bayswater tube station Bayswater tube station platform Bayswater tube station platform Bayswater tube station is a London Underground station in Travelcard Zone 1 on the Circle and District lines. ...

Trivia

  • The Circle Line Pub Crawl aims to visit each Circle Line station in turn, drinking a half pint or shot in a pub near to each. This is a popular event on the Saturday closest to Waitangi Day.
  • There were, in 2004, three occurrences of a Circle Line Party. These were promoted by grassroots organisations such as the Space Hijackers, and involve the "hijacking" of a Circle Line train.
  • Because trains are constantly running in the same direction around the line, the wear on the wheels becomes uneven. To prevent this, six trains per day travel from Tower Hill to Liverpool Street via Whitechapel and Aldgate East, instead of via Aldgate. This turns the train round.
  • The Cast Off knitting club sometimes holds knit-ins on the Circle Line[5]

This article may contain original research or unverified claims. ... Waitangi Day is a public holiday in New Zealand held each year on February 6 to celebrate the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealands founding document, on that date in 1840. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Circle Line Party is a planned sponteneity similar to a flash mob but with fun and revelry as its main purpose. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Robert Steadman (born April 1, 1965) is a British composer and conductor of classical music who mostly works in a post-minimalist style but also writes lighter music, including musicals, and compositions for educational purposes. ... A Mind the gap sign in the tube station at Charing Cross, London. ... The violoncello, almost always abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as the ch in cheese), is a bowed stringed instrument, the lowest-sounding member of the violin family. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A Mind the gap sign in the tube station at Charing Cross, London. ... Whitechapel is a London Underground station in Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London. ... Aldgate East is a London Underground station located in Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. ... Siouxsie and the Banshees are a British gothic rock band. ... A Kiss in the Dreamhouse is the fifth studio album released by Siouxsie & the Banshees. ...

References

  1. ^ London Overground & Orbirail. Always Touch Out (2006-09-07). Retrieved on 2007-04-24.
  2. ^ Subsurface network (SSL) upgrade. Always Touch Out. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
  3. ^ "District Dave". Proposals for the Upgrade of the Sub-surface Lines. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
  4. ^ "District Dave" & "Tubeprune". Proposals for the Upgrade of the Sub-surface Lines. The Tube Professionals' Rumour Network (TUBEPRUNE). Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
  5. ^ It's a Knit-In. The Independent (2004-03-23). Retrieved on 2007-04-12.

2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (115th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ...

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