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An Integral Membrane Protein (IMP) is a protein molecule (or assembly of proteins) that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. Such proteins can be separated from the biological membranes only using detergents, nonpolar solvents, or sometimes denaturing agents. A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
In chemistry, a molecule is an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces. ...
A biological membrane or biomembrane is a membrane which acts as a barrier within or around a cell. ...
IMPs comprise a very significant fraction of the proteins encoded in the genome. In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ...
Structure
3D structures of only ~160 different integral membrane proteins are currently determined at atomic resolution by X-ray crystallography or Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy due to the difficulties with extraction and crystallization. In addition, structures of many water-soluble domains of IMPs are available in the Protein Data Bank. Their membrane-anchoring α-helices have been removed to facilitate the extraction and crystallization. X-ray crystallography is a technique in crystallography in which the pattern produced by the diffraction of X-rays through the closely spaced lattice of atoms in a crystal is recorded and then analyzed to reveal the nature of that lattice. ...
Pacific Northwest National Laboratorys high magnetic field (800 MHz, 18. ...
Extremely high resolution spectrum of the Sun showing thousands of elemental absorption lines (fraunhofer lines) Spectroscopy is the study of matter by investigating light, sound, or particles that are emitted, absorbed or scattered by the matter under investigation. ...
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for 3-D structural data of proteins and nucleic acids. ...
IMPs can be divided into two groups:
- Transmembrane proteins
- Integral monotopic proteins
A transmembrane protein is an integral membrane protein that spans from the internal to the external surface of the biological membrane or lipid bilayer in which it is embedded. ...
Transmembrane Transmembrane proteins span the entire biological membrane. This is most common type of IMP. A transmembrane protein is an integral membrane protein that spans from the internal to the external surface of the biological membrane or lipid bilayer in which it is embedded. ...
A biological membrane or biomembrane is a membrane which acts as a barrier within or around a cell. ...
- Further information: Transmembrane proteins
A transmembrane protein is an integral membrane protein that spans from the internal to the external surface of the biological membrane or lipid bilayer in which it is embedded. ...
Integral monotopic Integral monotopic proteins are permanently attached to the membrane from one side.
3D structures of the following integral monotopic proteins have been determined:
- prostaglandin H2 synthases 1 and 2 (cyclooxygenases) [1],
- lanosterol synthase and squalene-hopene cyclase [2],
- microsomal prostaglandin E synthase[3],
- carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 [4].
There are also structures of integral monotopic domains of transmembrane proteins: Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme (EC 1. ...
Chemical structure of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). ...
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (or Carnitine palmitoyltransferase) is a mitochondrial transferase enzyme (EC 2. ...
Such domains require detergents for extraction or crystallization, even after removal of their transmembrane helices. Therefore, they are often classified as integral monotopic proteins [9] Monoamine oxidase Monoamine oxidases (singular abbreviation MAO) (EC 1. ...
It has been suggested that Fatty acyl amide hydrolase be merged into this article or section. ...
Cytochrome P450 Oxidase (CYP2E1) Cytochrome P450 oxidase (commonly abbreviated CYP) is a generic term for a large number of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes (EC 1. ...
Function IMPs include transporters, channels, receptors, enzymes, structural membrane-anchoring domains, proteins involved in accumulation and transduction of energy, and proteins responsible for cell adhesion. Classification of transporters can be found in TCDB database. For the geographical meanings of this word, see channel (geography). ...
Receptor may refer to: In telecommunication, a receiver. ...
Neuraminidase ribbon diagram An enzyme (in Greek en = in and zyme = blend) is a protein, or protein complex, that catalyzes a chemical reaction and also controls the 3D orientation of the catalyzed substrates. ...
References - Booth, P.J., Templer, R.H., Meijberg, W., Allen, S.J., Curran, A.R., and Lorch, M. 2001. In vitro studies of membrane protein folding. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 36: 501-603.
- Bracey M.H., Cravatt B.F., Stevens R.C., Cravatt B.F. 2004. Structural commonalities among integral membrane enzymes. FEBS Lett. 567: 159-165.
- Bowie J.U. 2001. Stabilizing membrane proteins. Curr. Op. Struct. Biol. 11: 397-402.
- Bowie J.U. 2005. Solving the membrane protein folding problem. Nature 438: 581-589.
- DeGrado W.F., Gratkowski H. and Lear J.D. 2003. How do helix-helix interactions help determine the folds of membrane proteins? Perspectives from the study of homo-oligomeric helical bundles. Protein Sci. 12: 647-665.
- Popot J-L. and Engelman D.M. 2000. Helical membrane protein folding, stability, and evolution. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69: 881-922.
- Protein-lipid interactions (Ed. L.K. Tamm) Wiley, 2005.
See also A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. ...
A transmembrane protein is a protein that spans the entire biological membrane. ...
Peripheral membrane proteins are proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. ...
Examples Examples of integral membrane proteins: An integrin, or integrin receptor, is an integral membrane protein in the plasma membrane of cells. ...
Cadherins are a class of proteins which are expressed on the surface of cells. ...
In molecular biology, the insulin receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin. ...
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle. ...
Selectins are a family of cell-surface adhesion molecules of leukocytes and endothelial cells. ...
Schematic of cell adhesion The study of cell adhesion is part of cell biology. ...
Transmembrane receptors are integral membrane proteins, which reside and operate typically within a cells plasma membrane, but also in the membranes of some subcellular compartments and organelles. ...
A Glycophorin is a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of a red blood cell. ...
External links - Membrane PDB Database of 3D structures of integral membrane proteins and hydrophobic peptides with emphasis on crystallization conditions
- Membrane proteins of known 3D structure from Stephen White laboratory
- Orientations of proteins in membranes database Calculated spatial positions of transmembrane, integral monotopic, and peripheral proteins in membranes
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