The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) is an Indian program for the development of a comprehensive range of missiles, including: the intermediate range Agni missile (Surface to Surface), and short range missiles such as the Prithvi ballistic missile (Surface to Surface), Akash missile (Surface to Air), Trishul missile (Surface to Air) and Nag Missile (Anti Tank). Most of these missiles are in various stages of development and deployment. The Astra Missile is being developed for an Air to Air, Beyond Visual Range (BVR) role. Former President of India, Dr.Abdul Kalam, is considered one of the people responsible for the success of IGMDP.^[1] An Agni-II on a road-mobile launcher displayed at the Republic Day Parade 2004 (Photo: Antônio Milena/ABr) The Agni missile (named after Agni, the god of fire) is an IRBM developed under the IGMDP by India. ... Prithvi is the short range ballistic missile developed by India under the IGMDP. It has a range of upto 150 to 300 km with variants for Land and Sea/Sub-Surface roles (Dhanush (Bow)) targeting surface targets. ... Akash SAM Test Firing Akash (Sanskrit for Sky, sometimes spelt Aakash) is under development as part of Indias Integrated Guided Missile Development Program and DRDO to achieve self-sufficiency in the area of surface-to-air missiles. ... Trishul is the name of a short range surface-to-air missile developed by India as a part of IGMDP project. ... The Astra missile is an air-to-air (AA), beyond visual range (BVR) missile under development by India. ... Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil: ) born October 15, 1931, Tamil Nadu, India, usually referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ^) was the twelfth President of India, serving from 2002 to 2007. ...

Missiles in Indian history

Reproduction of a painting showing the use of rockets in 1780 at the Battle of Guntur by Indian troops against the British Army.

The use of rockets and missiles by Indians dates back to the 18th century, during the period of Tipu Sultan. During the fight against the British, Tipu Sultan's Army used a number of rockets, to thwart the British invasion (See Tipu Sultan). It was the first use of rockets for fighting wars. Tipu's rockets were far more advanced than any other at the time, and had been fully integrated into his Army, which were under special Rocket Brigades called Kushoons. These were extremely effective in Battle, and completely scattered the British Armies. These rockets were later developed by the British as Congreve Rockets. Image File history File links Indian_rocketry. ... Image File history File links Indian_rocketry. ... This article is about a city in India. ... Portrait of Tippu Sultan, 1792 Tippu (Tips) Sultan (full name Sultan Fateh Ali Tippu), also known as the Tiger of Mysore (November 20, 1750, Devanahalli – May 4, 1799, Srirangapattana), was the first son of Haidar Ali by his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-nissa. ... Portrait of Tippu Sultan, 1792 Tippu (Tips) Sultan (full name Sultan Fateh Ali Tippu), also known as the Tiger of Mysore (November 20, 1750, Devanahalli – May 4, 1799, Srirangapattana), was the first son of Haidar Ali by his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-nissa. ... The Congreve Rocket was a British military weapon designed by Sir William Congreve in 1804. ...

In the twentieth century, the government of independent India embarked on a number of plans to develop missiles which would strengthen India's defences. In 1958, the government constituted the Special Weapons Development Team which would later become the Defence Research and Development Laboratories (DRDL), to undertake the development of first-generation anti-tank missiles. In the 1970s, the Indian government decided to manufacture anti-tank missiles under license from France. At the same time, DRDL was entrusted with two other projects: Project Valiant, which involved the development of a long-range ballistic missile; and Project Devil, which was aimed at reverse engineering the Soviet SA-2 surface-to-air missile. Both projects were considered failures; Project Valiant was terminated in 1974 and Project Devil met the same fate in 1980.^[2] On August 15, 1947, India became an independent Dominion within the British Commonwealth. ... An S-75 missile on camoflaged launcher An S-75 missile in elevated position An North Vietnamese S-75 site An S-75 missile in transit A Fan Song radar (left) and what looks like a Low Blow to the right The SA-2 Guideline is the NATO reporting name...

However, by this time, DRDL had developed the infrastructure and facilities to undertake the design and development of missiles. In 1983, under the leadership of Dr. Abdul Kalam, the Indian government revived the missile program as an Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP). Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil: ) born October 15, 1931, Tamil Nadu, India, usually referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ^) was the twelfth President of India, serving from 2002 to 2007. ...

The main aim of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program was to develop, a missile in five different categories simultaneously, namely: a short-range surface-to-air missile (codenamed Trishul), a medium-range surface-to-air missile (codenamed Akash), a third-generation anti-tank guided missile (codenamed Nag), a short-range surface-to-surface missile (codenamed Prithvi), and an intermediate-range surface-to-surface missile (codenamed Agni).^[3]

There were a number of failures and successes, which led to an expansion of the program in the 1990s, to develop the long range Agni missile, a ballistic missile (codenamed Sagarika), which would be the naval version of the Prithvi, and an inter-continental-ballistic-missile (codenamed Surya). An Agni-II on a road-mobile launcher displayed at the Republic Day Parade 2004 (Photo: Antônio Milena/ABr) The Agni missile (named after Agni, the god of fire) is an IRBM developed under the IGMDP by India. ...

In 1998, the Government of India, signed an agreement with Russia to design, develop, manufacture and market a Supersonic Anti-Ship Cruise Missile System (codenamed BrahMos).^[4]

Agni Missile System

Main article: Agni missile system

An Agni-II on a road-mobile launcher displayed during the Republic Day Parade of 2004 (Photo: Antônio Milena/ABr)

The Agni missile (from Sanskrit Agnī meaning "Fire", one of the 5 elements of nature) is an IRBM developed under the IGMDP by India. It was first tested at the Interim Test Range in Chandipur in 1989, and is capable of carrying a conventional payload of 1000 kg (2,200 lb) or a nuclear warhead. It consists of one (short range) or two stages (intermediate range). It is rail and road mobile. It is powered by solid and/or liquid propellants. The Agni missile (Sanskrit: अग्नी, AgnÄ« Fire) is a series of Short to Intermediate range ballistic missiles developed by India under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2870x1854, 958 KB) An Indian Agni-II intermediate range ballistic missile on a road-mobile launcher, displayed at the Republic Day Parade on New Delhis Rajpath, January 26, 2004. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2870x1854, 958 KB) An Indian Agni-II intermediate range ballistic missile on a road-mobile launcher, displayed at the Republic Day Parade on New Delhis Rajpath, January 26, 2004. ... The Agni II is a rail-mobile, two-stage, nuclear-capable missile with a solid propulsion engine. ... Chinese (Wu Xing) Japanese (Godai) Earth (地) | Water (æ°´) | Fire (火) | Air / Wind (風) | Void / Sky / Heaven (空) Hinduism (Tattva) and Buddhism (MahābhÅ«ta) Vayu / Pavan — Air / Wind Agni / Tejas — Fire Akasha — Aether Prithvi / Bhumi — Earth Ap / Jala — Water Bön New Zealand Agni is a Hindu and Vedic deity. ... An intermediate-range ballistic missile, or IRBM, is a ballistic missile with a range of 2750-5500 km or 1719-3437 miles. ... A view of the Chandipur beach during high-tide Chandipur also known as Chandipur-on-sea is a small sea resort in Balasore District, Orissa, India. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. ... The second stage of a Minuteman III rocket A multistage (or multi-stage) rocket is, like any rocket, propelled by the recoil pressure of the burning gases it emits as it burns fuel. ... Rocket fuel is a propellant that reacts with an oxidizing agent to produce thrust in a rocket. ...

Agni-III is the third in the Agni series of missiles. The Agni I has a range of 700-800 km while the Agni-II as a range of 2,000–2,500 km. They are claimed to be a part of the "credible deterrence" against Pakistan and China. The Agni-II can only reach some parts of western China and Asia. Agni III an intermediate-range ballistic missile currently being developed by India as the successor to Agni-II.[1] Designed by the Indian governments Defence Research and Development Organisation, Agni III is intended to be a two-stage ballistic missile that is capable of nuclear weapons delivery with a... For other uses, see Missile (disambiguation). ... Agni I is a ballistic missile system that was first tested by India on January 25, 2002. ... The Agni II is a rail-mobile, two-stage, nuclear-capable missile with a solid propulsion engine. ... Deterrence theory is a defensive strategy developed after World War II and used throughout the Cold War. ... The Agni II is a rail-mobile, two-stage, nuclear-capable missile with a solid propulsion engine. ...

Agni-III missile

Agni III is expected to be India's nuclear deterrent against People's Republic of China. Agni III development began when relations with China were still negative. However, the rapid improvement in friendly relations between the two nations has reduced the need for rapid deployment of the missile. An operational Agni-III was tested on July 9, 2006 from Wheeler island off the coast of the eastern state of Orissa. After the launch, it was reported that the second stage of the rocket had failed to separate and the missile had fallen well short of its target.^[5] It can hit strategic targets deep inside China, including Shanghai and Beijing with a strike range of 3,500 km. It falls short of the range of ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles) which have ranges over 5,000 km. As reported earlier, a new type of steel that will help to increase the range from 15 to 30% was developed.^[6] On 12th April 2007 Agni-III missile was tested successfully.^[7] Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Agni III an intermediate-range ballistic missile currently being developed by India as the successor to Agni-II.[1] Designed by the Indian governments Defence Research and Development Organisation, Agni III is intended to be a two-stage ballistic missile that is capable of nuclear weapons delivery with a... The Agni missile is an IRBM developed under the India. ... Mutual assured destruction (MAD) is the doctrine of military strategy in which a full scale use of nuclear weapons by one of two opposing sides would result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender. ... Agni III an intermediate-range ballistic missile currently being developed by India as the successor to Agni-II.[1] Designed by the Indian governments Defence Research and Development Organisation, Agni III is intended to be a two-stage ballistic missile that is capable of nuclear weapons delivery with a... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... , Orissa   (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା), is a state situated on the east coast of India. ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ... “Peking” redirects here. ... A Minuteman III missile soars after a test launch. ...

The Indian Missile Program has been a largely indigenous one with almost all of the equipment developed by Indian scientists. However it is delayed by some years as more variants of Agni are expected. The UPA government has put restrictions on the development of ICBM and hence a new Agni-III missile with 5000 km range is being developed. This missile is the modified version of the Agni-III missile with another stage. This missile is called the Agni-III* (Agni-III star).^[8]

Prithvi Missile System

The Prithvi missile (from Sanskrit pṛthvī "Earth") is the tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) developed by India under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. The Prithvi was India's first indigenously developed ballistic missile. Development of the Prithvi began in 1983, and it was first test-fired on February 25, 1988. It has a range of up to 150 to 300 km. The land variant is called Prithvi while the naval operational variant of Prithvi I and Prithvi II class missiles are codenamed Dhanush (meaning Bow). Both variants are used for surface targets. The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Prithvi (pá¹›thivÄ«) is the Hindu earth-god. ... A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is a guided projectile launched from a hand-held, vehicle mounted, trailer mounted or fixed installation or from a ship. ... Diagram of V-2, the first ballistic missile. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Prithvi is said to have its propulsion technology derived from the Soviet SA-2 surface-to-air missile. Variants make use of either liquid or both liquid and solid fuels. Developed as a battlefield missile, it could carry a nuclear warhead in its role as a tactical nuclear weapon. An S-75 missile on camoflaged launcher An S-75 missile in elevated position An North Vietnamese S-75 site An S-75 missile in transit A Fan Song radar (left) and what looks like a Low Blow to the right The SA-2 Guideline is the NATO reporting name... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. ...

Variants of Prithvi

Test flight of the Prithvi SS-150

The Prithvi missile project encompassed developing three variants for use by the Indian Army, Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. The initial project framework of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program outlines the variants in the following manner.^[9] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 270 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (295 × 655 pixel, file size: 135 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Source : http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 270 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (295 × 655 pixel, file size: 135 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Source : http://www. ...

• Prithvi I - Army Version (150 km range with a payload of 1,000kg)
• Prithvi II - Air Force Version (250 km range with a payload of 500kg)
• Prithvi III - Naval Version (350 km range with a payload of 500kg)

Over the years these specifications underwent a number of changes. While the codename Prithvi stands for any missile inducted by India into its armed forces in this category, the later developmental versions are codenamed as Prithvi II and Prithvi III. The induction of Prithvi I class of missiles happened in 1994 and the armed forces are in the process of inducting the extended range, Prithvi II class of missiles as of 2006. 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Prithvi I

Prithvi I class was a single stage liquid-fuelled surface-to-surface missile having a maximum warhead mounting capability of 1000 kg, with a range of 150 km. It has an accuracy of 10 - 50 metres and can be launched from Transporter erector launchers. This class of Prithvi missile was inducted into the Indian Army in 1994. A Russian SA-4 TEL. Photo by GulfLINK. A Russian SA-8 TELAR. Photo by Naval Expeditionary Warfare Training. ... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ...

Prithvi II

Prithvi II class is also a single stage liquid-fuelled missile having a maximum warhead mounting capability of 1000kg, but with an extended range of 250 kilometres (155 statute miles). It was developed with the Indian Air Force being the primary user. It was first test-fired on January 27, 1996 and the development stages were completed in 2004. The Prithvi II class of missiles are in the process of induction by the Indian Airforce. The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ...

Prithvi III

Prithvi III class (codenamed Sagarika meaning Oceanic)^[10] is a two-stage surface-to-surface missile in the developmental stages. The first stage is solid fuelled with a 16 metric ton force (157 kN) thrust motor. The second stage is liquid fuelled. The missile can carry a 1000 kg warhead to a distance of 350 km and a 500 kg warhead to a distance of 600 kilometres and a 250 kilogram warhead up to a distance of 750 kilometres. The design is developed while keeping the navy in mind. The deprecated unit kilogram-force (kgf) or kilopond (kp) is the force exerted by one kilogram of mass in standard Earth gravity (defined as exactly 9. ... The kilonewton, symbol kN, is an SI unit of force. ...

Sagarika will be a nuclear-capable, cruise missile, capable of being mounted in ships or submarines. Considering the upward capability developments, Prithvi class of missiles could be reclassified from short-range ballistic missile to a medium range ballistic missile. The current codename of the operational variant Dhanush could pave way for the new codename Sagarika as Sagarika becomes operational. Dhanush was successfully tested on March 30, 2007. Sagarika will be inducted into the Advanced Technology Vessel being developed for Indian Navy.^[11] is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) is a nuclear-powered submarine under construction for the Indian Navy. ...

There were a number of shortcoming in the initial version of Prithvi missiles namely, High circular error probability (CEP) of around 500 meters and volatility of the liquid-fuelled propulsion system requiring fuelling only just before launching. These shortcomings are being overcome in the latest developmental versions by incorporating of global positioning system (GPS) into the missiles to reduce the CEP to as low as 10 to 15 meters and use of solid fuel in the propulsion system.^[12]

Akash Missile System

Akash (in Sanskrit meaning Sky) is a medium range surface-to-air missile developed as part of India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program to achieve self-sufficiency in the area of surface-to-air missiles.

Akash is a medium-range surface-to-air missile with an intercept range of 30 km. It has a launch weight of 720 kg, a diameter of 35 cm and a length of 5.8 metres. Akash flies at supersonic speed, reaching around 2.5 Mach. It can reach an altitude of 18 km. A digital proximity fuse is coupled with a 55kg pre-fragmented warhead, while the safety arming and detonation mechanism enables a controlled detonation sequence. A self-destruct device is also integrated. It is propelled by a solid fuelled booster stage. The missile has a terminal guidance system capable of working through electronic countermeasures. Features include capability of attacking multiple targets, and use of ramjet propulsion system that enables maintenance of required speeds without deceleration, unlike the Patriot missiles.^[13] The missile is supported by a multi-target and multi-function phased array fire control radar called 'Rajendra' with a range of about 60 km.^[14] Look up intercept in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Inspecting an AN/ALQ-184 Electronic Attack Pod Electronic countermeasures (ECM) are a subsection of electronic warfare which includes any sort of electrical or electronic device designed to fool radar, sonar, or other detection systems like IR (infrared) and Laser. ... A ramjet, sometimes referred to as a stovepipe jet, is a type of jet engine. ... For the ultrasonic and medical imaging application, see phased array ultrasonics. ... For other uses, see Radar (disambiguation). ... Rajendra is a passive phased array radar developed by DRDO of India and under production at BEL. It makes use of a passive phased array to search a volume of space, distinguish between hostile and friendly targets, automatically track up to 64 targets and command one of several launchers to...

Latest reports indicate that the missile can be completely guided by the Radar, without any active guidance of its own, which allows it to defeat any countermeasures, and also gives no warning to the aircraft that it is being attacked.

Design of the missile is much similar to SA-6 with four long tube ramjet inlet ducts mounted mid-body between wings. For pitch/yaw control four clipped triangular moving wings are mounted on mid-body. For roll control four inline clipped delta fins with ailerons are mounted before the tail. A 3M9 TEL in desert camoflage. ...

While the missile meant for the Army can be launched from tracked vehicles such as battle tanks, the Air Force version can take off from wheeled vehicles. Three ready-to-fire Akash missiles can be carried in a battle tank. The missiles can take off in different directions and destroy multiple targets. Akash can be deployed by rail, road or air. The first test flight of Akash missile was conducted in 1990, with development flights up to March 1997.

The IAF has initiated the process to induct the Akash and Trishul surface-to-air missiles developed as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. Multiple targets handling capability of Akash weapon system was demonstrated by live firing in C4I environment. Two Akash missiles intercepted two fast moving targets in simultaneous engagement mode back in 2005. 3-D central acquisition radar (3-D car) group mode performance is also fully established.^[15] Akash SAM Test Firing Akash (Sanskrit for Sky, sometimes spelt Aakash) is under development as part of Indias Integrated Guided Missile Development Program and DRDO to achieve self-sufficiency in the area of surface-to-air missiles. ... Trishul is the name of a short range surface-to-air missile developed by India as a part of IGMDP project. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ...

Official website for Akash SAM www.akashsam.com

Trishul Missile System

Trishul (Sanskrit for trident) is the name of a short range surface-to-air missile developed by India as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. It has a range of 9 km and is fitted with a 5.5 kg warhead. Designed to be used against low-level (sea skimming) targets at short range, the system has been developed to defend naval vessels against missiles and also as a short range surface to air missile on land. Guidance consists of three different guiding beams, with the guidance handed over progressively to a narrower beam as the missile approaches the target. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... A B61 nuclear bomb in various stages of assembly; the nuclear warhead is the bullet-shaped silver cannister in the middle-left of the photograph. ... Navy is also:- shorthand for Navy Blue the nickname of the United States Naval Academy A navy is the branch of the armed forces of a nation that operates primarily on water. ...

According to reports, the range of the missile is 12 km and is fitted with a 15 kg warhead. The weight of the missile is 130 kg. The length of the missile is 3.1 m.

Nag Missile System

Nag (Sanskrit for "cobra") is India's third generation "Fire-and-forget" anti-tank missile. It is an all weather, top attack missile with a range of 4 to 7 km. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of missile guidance. ... An Anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) or weapon (ATGW) is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... For other uses, see Missile (disambiguation). ...

The missile uses an 8 kg tandem HEAT warhead capable of defeating modern armour including ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour) and composite armour. Nag uses Imaging Infra-Red (IIR) guidance with day and night capability. Mode of launch for the IIR seeker is LOBL (Lock On Before Launch). Nag can be mounted on an infantry vehicle; a helicopter launched version will also be available with integration work being carried out with the HAL Dhruv. A HEAT round. ... This article or section should be merged with Reactive armour Explosive Reactive Armour. ... Composite armour is a type of vehicle armour consisting of layers of different material such as metals, plastics, ceramics or air. ... The HAL Dhruv (Sanskrit:Pole Star) is a multi-role advanced helicopter made by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). ...

Separate versions for the Army and the Air Force are being developed. For the Army, the missiles will be carried by specialist carrier vehicles (NAMICA-Nag Missile Carrier) equipped with a thermal imager for target acquisition. NAMICA is a modified BMP-2 ICV licence produced as "Sarath" in India. The carriers are capable of carrying four ready-to-fire missiles in the observation/launch platform which can be elevated with more missiles available for reload within the carrier. For the Air Force, a nose-mounted thermal imaging system has been developed for guiding the missile's trajectory. The missile has a complete fiberglass structure and weighs around 42 kg. The BMP-2 is a Soviet infantry fighting vehicle which was first introduced in the early 1980s. ...

Nag was successfully test fired for the 45th time on March 19, 2005 from the Test Range at Ahmednagar (Maharastra), signalling the completion of the developmental phase. It will now enter production phase, subject to user trials and acceptance by the Indian Army. is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Ahmednagar (disambiguation). ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is a state in west-central India. ... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ...

Further versions of the missile may make use of an all-weather Milli Metric Wave (MMW) seeker as an additional option. This seeker has reportedly been developed and efforts are on to integrate it into the missile.

Specifications

Total length: 1.90 m (6.23 ft)
Diameter: 190 mm (7.5 in)
Wingspan: -
Weight: 42 kg (93 lb)
Warhead Weight: 8 kg (17.6 lb)
Propellant: Tandem Propulsion solid (Nitramine based smokeless extruded double band sustainer propellant)
Maximum effective range: 4 km (Guidance mode: IIR (Imaging infra-red)), 7 km for air-launched variant
Attack Mode: Lock-on-before-Launch - Top attack
Seeker: IIR cadmium zinc telluride
Single-shot hit probability: 0.77
CEP: 0.9 m R.S

Astra Missile System

The Astra missile (from the Sanskrit Astrā, meaning "Weapon") is an air-to-air (AA), beyond visual range (BVR) missile under development by India under its Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. This is the first indigenous air-to-air missile developed by India. The range of this missile is 80 km in head-on chase and 15 km in tail chase. This missile was successfully tested without control and guidance systems on May 9 to May 12, 2003. The missile was again successfully tested on 25 March 2007.^[16] Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... A guidance system is a device or group of devices used to navigate a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or other craft. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...

India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is developing this advanced beyond visual range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) for its Mirage 2000, MiG-29, Sea Harrier, Su-30, and the Light Combat Aircraft [LCA]. Astra looks like an elongated Matra Super 530. It uses an indigenously developed solid fuel propellant, though DRDO is believed to be looking at rocket/ramjet propulsion similar to that used in its AKASH SAM project. The missile's onboard radio-frequency seeker has been designed in India. It will have an active homing range of 15 km. The missile has a pre-fragmented warhead & is fitted with a proximity fuze. A radar fuze already exists for the Astra, but the DRDO is currently working on a new laser fuze. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is one of Asias largest defense contractors and a leading aerospace manufacturer based in Bangalore, India. ... A Mirage 2000 of the Indian Air Force The Mirage 2000 is a French-built multi-role fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation. ... The Mikoyan MiG-29 (NATO reporting name Fulcrum) is a Russian fighter aircraft used in the air superiority role. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sukhoi-30 (Nato: Flanker-C) The Sukhoi Su-30 is a military aircraft that was produced by the Russian company Sukhoi in 1996. ... The H.A.L. Tejas (Sanskrit: Radiance) is a fighter aircraft currently under development for the Indian Air Force. ... Mécanique Avion TRAction or Matra is a French company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to aeronautics and weaponry which today operates as the Lagardère Group. ... The Matra Super 530 is a French medium to short range air-to-air missile carried on the Dassault-Breguet Mirage 2000. ... A proximity fuze (also called a VT fuze, for variable time) is a fuze that is designed to detonate an explosive automatically when the distance to target becomes smaller than a predetermined value or when the target passes through a given plane. ...

Specifications

First test: May 9, 2000

Total length: 3570 mm (11.7 ft)

Diameter: 7 in (178 mm )

Wingspan: 10 in (254 mm)

Weight: 154 kg (339 lb)

< 250 kg (550 lb) including launcher

Warhead :15 kg (33 lb) HE fragmentation directional warhead

Fuze: Radar proximity fuze

Propulsion: solid fuel

Maximum speed: Mach 4 + (03/07 test - Mach 2+)

Maximum effective range: 80 km head on, 15 km tail chase, over 100 km (eventually)

Maximum altitude: 20 km (66,000 ft)

Minimum altitude: sea level

Missile g load: 40 g (400 m/s²)

Target g load: 9 g (90 m/s²)

Guidance mode: Inertial + mid-course update & terminal active radar (15 km)

Launch aircraft speed: Mach 0.6 to 2.2

Data is based on handouts and discussion at DRDO stall AERO INDIA 2003 & 05. is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... A proximity fuze (also called a VT fuze, for variable time) is a fuze that is designed to detonate an explosive automatically when the distance to target becomes smaller than a predetermined value or when the target passes through a given plane. ...

Surya Missile System

Surya (meaning The Sun in Sanskrit and Many Indian Languages) is the codename for the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile that India is reported to be developing.^[17] The DRDO is believed to have begun the project in 1994. Officials of the Indian government have repeatedly denied the existence of the project. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... A Minuteman III ICBM test launch from Vandenberg AFB, California, United States. ... The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is Indias premier research organisation for defence related matters. ...

According to news reports, the Surya-1 is an intercontinental-range, surface-based, solid and liquid propellant ballistic missile.

Surya is the most ambitious project in India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. The Prithvi and Agni have completed development, as have the Trishul, the Akash and the Nag. India is also reported to be developing the Sagarika, a submarine-launched cruise missile with a range of about 1000 km. IGMDP or Integrated Guided Missile Development Program was initiated by India for developing a range of Missiles, including Missiles of IR; Agni missile Ballistic Missile (Surface to Surface), SR; Prithvi missile Ballistic Missile (Surface to Surface), Akash Missile (Surface to Air), Trishul Missile (Surface to Air) and Nag Missile (Surface... Prithvi is the short range ballistic missile developed by India under the IGMDP. It has a range of upto 150 to 300 km with variants for Land and Sea/Sub-Surface roles (Dhanush (Bow)) targeting surface targets. ... An Agni-II on a road-mobile launcher displayed at the Republic Day Parade 2004 (Photo: Antônio Milena/ABr) The Agni missile (named after Agni, the god of fire) is an IRBM developed under the IGMDP by India. ... Trishul is the name of a short range surface-to-air missile developed by India as a part of IGMDP project. ... Akash SAM Test Firing Akash (Sanskrit for Sky, sometimes spelt Aakash) is under development as part of Indias Integrated Guided Missile Development Program and DRDO to achieve self-sufficiency in the area of surface-to-air missiles. ... Nag (Sanskrit for cobra) is Indias third generation fire and forget anti-tank missile. ...

The Surya-1 and -2 will be classified as strategic weapons, extending the Indian nuclear deterrent force to targets around the world. India currently is limited by the range of the Agni-3 missile. The development of a true ICBM would make strikes against almost any strategic target around the world possible and reduce India’s relative weakness. This would develop a credible global deterrent for India.

The Surya-1 will have an expected range of 10,000 km. It reportedly has a length of 40 m and a launch weight of 80,000 kg (some reports indicate as much as 275,000 kg ^[18]). As the missile has yet to be developed, the payload and warhead are as yet unknown. It is believed to be a three-stage design, with the first two stages using solid propellants and the third-stage using liquid. ^[18]

The Surya-2 is a longer-ranged variant of the Surya-1. It has a reported range of 20,000 km

The first test flight is expected in 2008, and it is expected to be operationally ready by 2015.

Reported specifications

• Class: ICBM
• Basing: Surface based and sometimes also used under water in critical conditions
• Length: 40.00 m
• Diameter: 2.8 m
• Launch Weight: 80,000 kg
• Propulsion: First/second stage solid, third liquid
• Warhead Capabilities: 2-3 nuclear warheads of 250 kilotons each
• Status: Development / Developed to be tested
• In Service: 2015
• Range:20,000 km Surya-2

Other developments

The expertise and technology developed through the IGMDP is also used in the new Anti ballistic missile called the Exoatmospheric interceptor system which successfully intercepted a Prithvi-II ballistic missile.^[19] India became the fourth nation in the world to acquire such a capability and the third nation to develop it through indigenous effort.^[20] Apart from that, India is said to be in the intermediate stages of developing a new cruise missile, Nirbhay (dauntless in English). The subsonic Nirbhay is said to be 6 m in length with a 520 mm diameter, weigh 1,000 kg and have a 1,000 km range with a speed of 0.7 mach. The technology demonstrator flight is planned for end-2009.^[21] A Taurus KEPD 350 cruise missile of the Luftwaffe A cruise missile is a guided missile which uses a lifting wing and most often a jet propulsion system to allow sustained flight. ...

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Hindu is a leading English-language newspaper in South India, with its largest base of circulation in Tamil Nadu. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Akash SAM Official website
• Bharat Rakshak
• Bharat Rakshak's page on Trishul
• Trishul Test Fired
• Nag Missile
• Missile Chronology 2004-present
• Next objective: a 5,000-km Agni]

Videos

• [News about defense 1
• [News about defense 2

See also

• Rajendra Radar
• SA-6 Gainful
• Agni missile system
• Brahmos
• Sagarika
• List of missiles