The International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC; iobc.ethz.ch/) has provided the leadership for developing the Integrated Production philosophy, general guidelines, and crop specific technical guidelines. The IOBC defines Integrated Production (IP) as a "farming system that produces high quality food and other products by using natural resources and regulating mechanisms to replace polluting inputs and to secure sustainable farming. Emphasis is placed on a holistic systems approach involving the entire farm as the basic unit, on the central role of agro-ecosystems, on balanced nutrient cycles, and on the welfare of all species in animal husbandry. The preservation and improvement of soil fertility and of a diversified environment are essential components. Biological, technical and chemical methods are balanced carefully taking into account the protection of the environment, profitability and social requirements."
Average production of fish was 1.82, 3.15 and 4.50 tons/ha/year with the density of 200, 400 and 500 ducks/ha respectively as compared to 0.49 tons/ha from control pond.
The amount of fish produced in Bangladesh under integrated duck-cumfish farming (5.68 tons/ha/year) is a very prospective fish production practice where fish fingerlings rate was at the rate of 6000/ha with 30,10,25,5 and 5 percent of silver carp, catla, rohu, mrigal, grass carp and mirror carp respectively.
The integrated layer chicken-fish farming operation is undertaken with the commercial strain of layers where the birds are kept at the floor over the pond.
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