Pentium Central processing unit
75 MHz classic Pentium Processor
Produced:	From 1993 to 1999
Manufacturer:	Intel
CPU Speeds:	60 MHz to 300 MHz
FSB Speeds:	50 MHz to 66 MHz
Process: (MOSFET channel length)	0.8 µm to 0.25 µm
Instruction Set:	x86
Microarchitecture:	P5
Sockets: Socket 4 Socket 5 Socket 7
Cores: P5 P54 P54CS P55C Tillamook

Pentium logo, with MMX enhancement

The Pentium is a fifth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor from Intel. It was the successor to the 486 line, and was first shipped on March 22, 1993. Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6. ... Image File history File links P54-75. ... Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ... Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6. ... A megahertz (MHz) is one million (106) hertz, a measure of frequency. ... A megahertz (MHz) is one million (106) hertz, a measure of frequency. ... In computers, the front side bus (FSB) or system bus is a term for the physical bi-directional data bus that carries all electronic signal information between the central processing unit (CPU) and other devices within the system such as random access memory (RAM), AGP video cards, PCI expansion cards... A megahertz (MHz) is one million (106) hertz, a measure of frequency. ... A megahertz (MHz) is one million (106) hertz, a measure of frequency. ... The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET), is by far the most common field-effect transistor in both digital and analog circuits. ... An instruction set, or instruction set architecture (ISA), describes the aspects of a computer architecture visible to a programmer, including the native datatypes, instructions, registers, addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external I/O (if any). ... x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. ... Microarchitecture consists of a set of microprocessor design techniques used to implement the instruction set (including microcode, pipelining, cache systems, etc. ... Pentium 60 MHz on a socket 4 Categories: | ... Socket 5 was created for the second generation of Intel Pentium processors operating at 75 MHz or higher. ... Socket 7 is a physical and electrical specification for an x86-style CPU socket on a personal computer motherboard. ... Image File history File links Intel_Pentium_MMX_Processor_Logo. ... Image File history File links Intel_Pentium_MMX_Processor_Logo. ... x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. ... A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated µP) is a programmable digital electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single semiconducting integrated circuit (IC). ... Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ... // Overview The exposed die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (82nd in leap years). ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

The Pentium was expected to be named 80586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of previous generations. However, Intel was unable to persuade a court to allow them to trademark a number (such as 486), in order to prevent competitors such as Advanced Micro Devices from branding their processors with similar names (such as AMD's Am486). A trademark or trade mark[1] is a distinctive sign of some kind which is used by an individual, business organization or other legal entity to uniquely identify the source of its products and/or services to consumers, and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities. ... AMD redirects here. ...

Intel enlisted the help of Lexicon Branding to create a brand that could be trademarked. The Pentium brand was very successful, and was maintained through several generations of processors, from the Pentium Pro to the Pentium Extreme Edition. Although not used for marketing purposes, Pentium series processors are still given numerical product codes, starting with 80500 for the original Pentium chip. Lexicon Branding is a Sausalito, California based branding company. ... Intel introduced the brand name Pentium for its successor to the i486. ... Pentium Pro 256 KB Pentium Pro 512 KB Pentium Pro 1 MB Pentium Pro underside (256/512) Pentium II Overdrive The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor (P6 core) by Intel originally intended to replace the original Pentium in a full range of applications, but later reduced... Pentium Extreme Edition brand logo // Smithfield Pentium Extreme Edition is the brand name given to a series of Intel microprocessors introduced during the 2nd Quarter 2005 Intel Developers Forum, not to be confused with the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (an earlier, single-core processor occupying the same niche). ...

Intel has now largely retired the Pentium brand and replaced it with the "Intel Core" brand, although a future line of value processors will use the Pentium and Celeron brands^[1]. The first Intel Core, released in January 2006, extended the Pentium M microarchitecture. The Intel Core 2, released in July 2006, features the new Intel Core microarchitecture. Celeron D logo as of 2006. ... This article is about Intel processors branded as Intel Core, such as the 65 nanometre processor codenamed Yonah and its variants. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Introduced in March 2003, the Pentium M is an x86 architecture microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. ... Core 2 is an eighth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor produced by Intel and based on the Intel Core microarchitecture. ... The Intel Core microarchitecture (previously known as the Intel Next-Generation Micro-Architecture, or NGMA) is a multi-core processor microarchitecture unveiled by Intel in Q1 2006. ...

Microsoft and many other companies use the original Pentium as a standard for specifications of requirements. For example, Microsoft's stated requirements for the Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 Team Edition, include (at least) a Pentium processor running at a clock speed of 600 MHz (required), or 1 GHz (recommended). To find out if another processor meets the requirement, a conversion must be used that gives its speed in terms of standard Pentium clock rates. For example, a Pentium Pro would meet the requirement running at a much lower clock speed, because of its more advanced architecture. An equivalency chart is usually used to compare more modern processors to find out if they meet this requirement.

In programming, it is sometimes necessary to distinguish the original Pentium processor architecture from later (P6 or P68-based) Pentium-branded architectures. For these cases, i586 is a common, though spurious, way to refer to the early Pentium processors, as well as processors made by Intel's competitors that can run machine code targeted to the early Pentiums. Computer programming (often simply programming) is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program. ... The P6 microarchitecture is the sixth generation x86 microprocessor architecture of Intel, released in 1995. ... The Intel NetBurst Microarchitecture, called P68 inside Intel, is the successor to the P6 microarchitecture in the x86 family of CPUs made by Intel. ... Machine code or machine language is a system of instructions and data directly understandable by a computers central processing unit. ...

Major changes from the 486

Pentium Overdrive for 486 systems

• Superscalar architecture - The Pentium has two datapaths (pipelines) that allow it to complete more than one instruction per clock cycle. One pipe (called "U") can handle any instruction, while the other (called "V") can handle the simplest, most common instructions. The use of more than one pipeline is a characteristic typical of RISC processors designs, the first of many to be implemented on the x86 platform, thus signaling the road to take, and showing that it was possible to merge both technologies, creating almost “hybrid” processors.
• 64-bit data path - This doubles the amount of information pulled from the memory on each fetch. This doesn't mean that the Pentium can execute 64-bit applications; its main registers are still 32 bits wide.
• MMX instructions (later models only) - A basic SIMD instruction set extension designed for use in multimedia applications.

Pentium architecture chips offered just under twice the performance of a 486 processor per clock cycle. The fastest Intel 486 parts were almost the same speed as a first-generation Pentium, and the AMD Am5x86 was roughly equal to the Pentium 75. Image File history File links Podp5v83. ... Image File history File links Podp5v83. ... The Pentium OverDrive was a marketing brand name used by Intel, to cover a variety of consumer upgrade products sold in the mid 1990s. ... Simple superscalar pipeline. ... Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a smaller and simpler set of instructions that all take about the same amount of time to execute. ... In computing, a 64-bit component is one in which data are processed or stored in 64-bit units (words). ... MMX is a SIMD instruction set designed by Intel, introduced in 1997 in their Pentium MMX microprocessors. ... -1... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. ...

Models

The earliest Pentiums were released at the clock speeds of 66 MHz and 60 MHz. Later on 75, 90, 100, 120, 133, 150, 166, 200, and 233 MHz versions gradually became available. 266 and 300 MHz versions were later released for mobile computing. Pentium OverDrive processors were released at speeds of 63 and 83 MHz as an upgrade option for older 486-class computers. The Pentium OverDrive was a marketing brand name used by Intel, to cover a variety of consumer upgrade products sold in the mid 1990s. ...

• * These were only available as Mobile Pentium MMX chips for laptops.

A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer, symbol µm) is an SI unit of length equal to one millionth of a metre, or about a tenth of the size of a droplet of mist or fog. ... MegaHertz (MHz) is the name given to one million (106) Hertz, a measure of frequency. ... MegaHertz (MHz) is the name given to one million (106) Hertz, a measure of frequency. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (82nd in leap years). ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (87th in leap years). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (87th in leap years). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... A MacBook A laptop computer, or simply laptop (also notebook computer or notebook), is a small mobile computer, which usually weighs 2. ...

P5, P54C, P54CS

Pentium 75 MHz (P54C, 80502)

The original Pentium microprocessor had the internal code name P5 and the product code 80501 (80500 for the earliest steppings). This was a pipelined in-order superscalar microprocessor, produced using a 0.8 µm process. It was followed by the P54C (80502), a shrink of the P5 to a 0.6 µm process, which was dual-processor ready and had an internal clock speed different from the front side bus (it's much more difficult to increase the bus speed than to increase the internal clock). In turn, the P54C was followed by the P54CS, which used a 0.35 µm process - a pure CMOS process, as opposed to the Bipolar CMOS process that was used for the earlier Pentiums. Image File history File links P54-75. ... Image File history File links P54-75. ... Stepping is a designation used by Intel and AMD to identify how much the design of a microprocessor has advanced from the original design. ... A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer, symbol µm) is an SI unit of length equal to one millionth of a metre, or about a tenth of the size of a droplet of mist or fog. ... Static CMOS Inverter Complementary-symmetry/metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) (see-moss, IPA:), is a major class of integrated circuits. ...

The early versions of 60-100 MHz Pentiums had a problem in the floating point unit that, in rare cases, resulted in reduced precision of division operations. This bug, discovered in Lynchburg, Virginia in 1994, became known as the Pentium FDIV bug and caused great embarrassment for Intel, which created an exchange program to replace the faulty processors with corrected ones. The 60 and 66 MHz 0.8 µm versions of the Pentium processors were also known for their fragility and their (for the time) high levels of heat production - in fact, the Pentium 60 and 66 were often nicknamed "coffee warmers". They were also known as "high voltage Pentiums", due to their 5V operation. The heat problems were removed with the P54C, which ran at a much lower voltage (3.3V). P5 Pentiums used Socket 4, while P54C started out on Socket 5 before moving to Socket 7 in later revisions. All desktop Pentiums from P54CS onwards used Socket 7. Another bug known as f00f bug was discovered soon afterwards, but fortunately, operating system vendors responded by implementing workarounds that prevented the crash. On October 30, 1994, Professor Thomas Nicely who was then at Lynchburg College reported a bug in the Pentium floating point unit. ... A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer, symbol µm) is an SI unit of length equal to one millionth of a metre, or about a tenth of the size of a droplet of mist or fog. ... Pentium 60 MHz on a socket 4 Categories: | ... Socket 5 was created for the second generation of Intel Pentium processors operating at 75 MHz or higher. ... Socket 7 is a physical and electrical specification for an x86-style CPU socket on a personal computer motherboard. ... f00f (pronounced foof), an abbreviation of f0 0f c7 c8, is the hexadecimal encoding of an instruction that exhibits a design flaw in the majority of Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX, and Pentium OverDrive processors. ...

The P24 Pentium OverDrive for 486 systems, a sort of oddity among the other Pentium processors, was released in early 1995. The Pentium architecture had to be modified in many ways to operate on the 486 platform's narrower 32-bit data bus and slower cache architecture. As such, the chip came equipped with a 32 KiB L1 cache, double what a pre-P55C Pentium came equipped with. The chip also included an attached fan/heatsink assembly in addition to onboard power regulation to convert the 5V power circuitry on 486 boards down to the Pentium's 3.3V needs. The Pentium OverDrive was a marketing brand name used by Intel, to cover a variety of consumer upgrade products sold in the mid 1990s. ... // Overview The exposed die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor. ... According to the International Electrotechnical Commission a kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage. ...

P55C, Tillamook

Pentium MMX 233 MHz (P55C, 80503) top

Pentium MMX 166 MHz without cover

The P55C (or 80503) was developed by Intel's Research & Development Center in Haifa, Israel. It was sold as Pentium with MMX Technology (usually just called Pentium MMX); although it was based on the P5 core (the 0.35 µm process was also used for this series) it featured a new set of 57 "MMX" instructions intended to improve performance on multimedia tasks, such as encoding and decoding digital media data. Image File history File links P55c-233. ... Image File history File links P55c-233. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2212x2167, 1418 KB) Sergei Frolov, Soviet Calculators Collection, http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2212x2167, 1418 KB) Sergei Frolov, Soviet Calculators Collection, http://www. ... MMX is a SIMD instruction set designed by Intel, introduced in 1997 in their Pentium MMX microprocessors. ...

The new instructions work on new data types: 64-bit packed vectors of either eight 8-bit integers, four 16-bit integers, two 32-bit integers, or 1 64-bit integer. So, for example, the PADDUSB (Packed ADD Unsigned Saturated Byte) instruction adds two vectors, each containing eight 8-bit unsigned integers together, pairwise; each addition that would overflow saturates, yielding 255, the maximum unsigned value that can be represented in a byte. These rather specialized instructions generally require special coding by the programmer for them to be used. MMX did not achieve significant popularity until after the P55C's lifetime ^{[citation needed]}. The term arithmetic overflow or simply overflow has the following meanings. ...

The performance of the P55C was improved over previous versions by a doubling of the Level 1 CPU cache from 16 KiB to 32 KiB. Diagram of a CPU memory cache A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. ...

Pentium P55C notebook CPUs used a "mobile module" that held the CPU. This module was a PCB with the CPU directly attached to it in a special smaller form factor. The module snapped to the notebook motherboard and typically a heat spreader plate was installed and made contact with the module. Such notebooks frequently used the Intel 430MX chipset, a feature-reduced 430FX. However, with the 0.25 μm Tillamook Mobile Pentium MMX (named after a city in Oregon), the module also held the 430TX chipset along with the system's 512 KiB SRAM cache memory. Close-up photo of one side of a motherboard PCB, showing conductive traces, vias and solder points for through-hole components on the opposite side. ... This is a list of computer motherboard chipsets made by Intel. ... This is a list of computer motherboard chipsets made by Intel. ... Tillamook (IPA: ) is the county seat of Tillamook County, Oregon. ... This is a list of computer motherboard chipsets made by Intel. ... Static random access memory (SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory. ...

Other uses of Pentium trademark

Pentium III chip mounted on a motherboard

Intel has retained the Pentium trademark for naming later generations of processor architectures, which are internally quite different from the Pentium itself: Image File history File linksMetadata Pentium_III_on_motherboard. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Pentium_III_on_motherboard. ...

• Pentium Pro
• Pentium II
• Pentium III
• Pentium 4
• Pentium M
• Pentium D
• Pentium Extreme Edition
• Pentium E2000
• Pentium Dual Core

It can be seen from this that brand name is only loosely related to the nature of a CPU's microarchitecture. The Pentium brand is traditionally used for desktop and notebook parts, the Celeron brand is used for "value" parts (typically lower performance and lower price), and the Xeon brand is used for high-performance parts suitable for servers and workstations. The same basic microarchitecture may be used for all brands, but implementations may differ in clock speeds, cache sizes, and package and sockets. Moreover, the same name is used for chips with unrelated microarchitectures. Pentium Pro 256 KB Pentium Pro 512 KB Pentium Pro 1 MB Pentium Pro underside (256/512) Pentium II Overdrive The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor (P6 core) by Intel originally intended to replace the original Pentium in a full range of applications, but later reduced... Pentium II – front view The Pentium II is an x86 architecture microprocessor by Intel, introduced on May 7, 1997. ... Pentium III logo The Pentium III is an x86 (more precisely, an i686) architecture microprocessor by Intel, introduced on February 26, 1999. ... The Pentium 4 was a seventh-generation x86 architecture microprocessor produced by Intel and was the companys first all-new CPU design since the Pentium Pro of 1995. ... Introduced in March 2003, the Pentium M is an x86 architecture microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. ... Pentium D logo as of 2006. ... Pentium Extreme Edition brand logo // Smithfield Pentium Extreme Edition is the brand name given to a series of Intel microprocessors introduced during the 2nd Quarter 2005 Intel Developers Forum, not to be confused with the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (an earlier, single-core processor occupying the same niche). ... The Intel Pentium name will be carried on with the Pentium E2000, a budget dual-core chip due to be released sometime in 2007. ... Celeron D logo as of 2006. ... Xeon logo as of 2006. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A computer workstation, often colloquially referred to as workstation, is a high-end general-purpose microcomputer designed to be used by one person at a time and which offers higher performance than normally found in a personal computer, especially with respect to graphics, processing power and the ability to carry... Diagram of a CPU memory cache A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. ...

The Intel Core processor uses the same microarchitecture as the Pentium M processors, but discards the Pentium M name (and also uses Intel's new logo). However the Pentium name will continue to be used in a new line of Core 2-derived processors. These processors, codenamed Conroe-L, will be marketed as the Pentium E2000 series. The new Pentium will have 1 MiB of L2 cache and use a 533MHz (mobile) or 800MHz (desktop) FSB, Intel EM64T technology, and Execute Disable Bit, and will be a dual-core processor. This article is about Intel processors branded as Intel Core, such as the 65 nanometre processor codenamed Yonah and its variants. ... The three-letter acronym MIB may refer to any of several concepts: Management information base, a computing information repository used (for example) by SNMP In marbles, any marble, but esp. ... Extended Memory 64-bit Technology (EM64T) is Intels implementation of AMD64, a 64-bit extension to the IA-32 architecture. ... The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions (aka code) or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors. ...

5th generation x86 competitors

• Nx586
• 5x86
• 5k86
• WinChip
• mP6

A NexGen Nx586 processor NexGen was a private semiconductor company that designed x86 PC central processing units until it was purchased by AMD in 1996. ... Released in August 1995, four months before the more famous Cyrix 6x86, the Cyrix Cx5x86 was the fastest CPU ever produced for Socket 3 computer systems. ... K5 core diagram AMD 5K86-P90 (SSA/5) AMD K5 PR166 The K5 was AMDs first in-house processor, developed to compete with Intels Pentium microprocessor range. ... Launched in October 1997 the IDT WinChip C6 was designed and marketed as a low power x86 processor running at 200MHz. ... The MP6 was a microprocessor designed by Rise Technologies to compete with Intels Pentium line of CPUs. ...

See also

• CPU design
• COAST (Cache on a stick), L2 cache modules for Pentium
• IA-32 processor design and instruction set
• Pentium Compatible Processor

CPU design is the hardware design of a central processing unit. ... COAST, an acronym for Cache On A STick, is a packaging standard for modules containing SRAM used as an L2 cache in a computer. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with X86 assembly language. ... A Pentium-compatible processor is a 32-bit processor computer chip which uses an instruction set that is a superset of the version of the IA-32 instruction set as used by the original Intel Pentium processor (also known as the Classic Pentium). ...

References

1. ^ Huynh, Anh. Intel "Conroe-L" Details Unveiled. Daily Tech. Retrieved on 2006-09-23.

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ...

External links

• CPU-Collection.de - Intel Pentium images and descriptions

• Plasma Online Intel CPU Identification