| Internet protocol suite | | 5. Application layer | | DHCP • DNS • FTP • HTTP • IMAP4 • IRC • MIME • POP3 • SIP • SMTP • SNMP • SSH • TELNET • TLS/SSL • RPC • RTP • SDP • SOAP • … It has been suggested that Internet Protocols be merged into this article or section. ...
The application layer is the 7 th seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model. ...
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a set of rules used by a communications device (such as a computer, router or networking adapter) to allow the device to request and obtain an Internet address from a server which has a list of addresses available for assignment. ...
The domain name system (DNS) stores and associates many types of information with domain names, but most importantly, it translates domain names (computer hostnames) to IP addresses. ...
FTP or file transfer protocol is used to connect two computers over the Internet so that the user of one computer can transfer files and perform file commands on the other computer. ...
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method used to transfer or convey information on the World Wide Web. ...
The Internet Message Access Protocol (commonly known as IMAP4, and previously called Internet Mail Access Protocol) is an application layer Internet protocol that allows a local client to access e-mail on a remote server. ...
IRC redirects here. ...
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) is an Internet Standard that extends the format of e-mail to support text in character sets other than US-ASCII, non-text attachments, multi-part message bodies, and header information in non-ASCII character sets. ...
In computing, local e-mail clients use the Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3), an application-layer Internet standard protocol, to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. ...
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. ...
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the de facto standard for e-mail transmissions across the Internet. ...
The simple network management protocol (SNMP) forms part of the internet protocol suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
TELNET is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network LAN connections. ...
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols which provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, and other data transfers. ...
Remote procedure call (RPC) is a protocol that allows a computer program running on one computer to cause a subroutine on another computer to be executed without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this interaction. ...
The Real-time Transport Protocol (or RTP) defines a good standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over the Internet. ...
SDP, or Session Description Protocol, is a format for describing streaming media initialization parameters. ...
This article is about a computer protocol. ...
| | 4. Transport layer | | TCP • UDP • RSVP • DCCP • SCTP • … In computing and telecommunications, the transport layer is layer four of the seven layer OSI model. ...
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a virtual circuit protocol that is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite, often simply referred to as TCP/IP. Using TCP, applications on networked hosts can create connections to one another, over which they can exchange streams of data. ...
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
In computer networking, IntServ or integrated services is a system that attempts to guarantee quality of service (QoS) on networks. ...
The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a message-oriented transport layer protocol that is currently under development in the IETF. Applications that might make use of DCCP include those with timingconstraints on the delivery of data such that reliable in-order delivery, when combined with congestion control, is likely...
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol defined in 2000 by the IETF Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) working group. ...
| | 3. Network layer | | IP (IPv4 • IPv6) • ARP • BGP • ICMP • IGMP • IGP • RARP • … The network layer is level three of the seven level OSI model. ...
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork. ...
Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth iteration of the Internet Protocol (IP) and it is the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. ...
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer IP standard used by electronic devices to exchange data across a packet-switched internetwork. ...
In computer networking, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the method for finding a hosts hardware address when only its network layer address is known. ...
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. ...
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
The Internet Group Management Protocol is a communications protocol used to manage the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups. ...
Reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) is a protocol used to resolve an IP address from a given hardware address (such as an Ethernet address). ...
| | 2. Data link layer | | ATM • Bluetooth (PAN-Profile) • DTM • Ethernet • FDDI • Frame Relay • GPRS • Modems • PPP • Wi-Fi • … To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a cell relay network protocol which encodes data traffic into small fixed-sized (53 byte; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) cells instead of variable sized packets (sometimes known as frames) as in packet-switched networks (such as the Internet Protocol...
Bluetooth logo Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs). ...
Dynamic synchronous Transfer Mode , or DTM for short, is a network protocol. ...
Ethernet is a large and diverse family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). ...
In computer networking, fiber-distributed data interface (FDDI) is a standard for data transmission in a local area network that can extend in range up to 200 km (124 miles). ...
In the context of computer networking, frame relay (also found written as frame-relay) consists of an efficient data transmission technique used to send digital information quickly and cheaply in a relay of frames to one or many destinations from one or many end-points. ...
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. ...
A modem (from modulate and demodulate) is a device that modulates an analogue carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. ...
In computing, the Point-to-Point Protocol, or PPP, is commonly used to establish a direct connection between two nodes. ...
Official Wi-Fi logo Wi-Fi (also WiFi, wifi, etc. ...
| | 1. Physical layer | | Bluetooth RF • Ethernet physical layer • ISDN • Modems • RS232 • SONET/SDH • USB • Wi-Fi • … The physical layer is level one in the seven level OSI model of computer networking as well as in the five layer TCP/IP reference model. ...
Bluetooth logo Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs). ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Varieties of Ethernet. ...
ISDN is also short for isosorbide dinitrate Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a type of circuit switched telephone network system, designed to allow digital (as opposed to analog) transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality and higher speeds, than available with analog...
A modem (from modulate and demodulate) is a device that modulates an analogue carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. ...
RS-232 (also referred to as EIA RS-232C or V.24) is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data communication equipment). ...
Synchronous optical networking, is a method for communicating digital information using lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fiber. ...
Note: USB may also mean upper sideband in radio. ...
Official Wi-Fi logo Wi-Fi (also WiFi, wifi, etc. ...
| | | A set of routing protocols that are used within an autonomous system are referred to as interior gateway protocols (IGP). In computer networking the term routing refers to selecting paths in a computer network along which to send data. ...
In the Internet, an autonomous system (AS) is a collection of IP networks and routers, under the control of one or more entities, that presents a common routing policy to the Internet. ...
In contrast an exterior gateway protocol are for determining network reachability between autonomous system (AS) and make use of IGPs to resolve route within an AS. The Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is a routing protocol for the Internet originally specified in 1982 by Eric C. Rosen of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, and David L. Mills. ...
In the Internet, an autonomous system (AS) is a collection of IP networks and routers, under the control of one or more entities, that presents a common routing policy to the Internet. ...
The interior gateway protocols can be divided into two categories: 1) Distance-vector routing protocol and 2) Link-state routing protocol. A distance-vector routing protocol is a routing protocol used in routing of packet-switched networks in computer communications, as in for example the Routing Information Protocol for Internet traffic. ...
A link-state routing protocol is one of the two main classes of routing protocols used in packet-switched networks for computer communications. ...
Types of Interior gateway protocols They use the Bellman-Ford algorithm to calculate paths. In Distance-vector routing protocols each router does not posses information about the full network topology. It advertises its distances from other routers and receives similar advertisements from other routers. Using these routing advertisements each router populates its routing table. In the next advertisement cycle, a router advertises updated information from its routing table. This process continues until the routing tables of each router converge to stable values. A distance-vector routing protocol is a routing protocol used in routing of packet-switched networks in computer communications, as in for example the Routing Information Protocol for Internet traffic. ...
The Bellman-Ford algorithm computes single-source shortest paths in a weighted digraph (where some of the edge weights may be negative). ...
This set of protocols has the disadvantage of slow convergence, however, they are usually simple to handle and are well suited for use with small networks. Some examples of distance-vector routing protocols are: - Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
- Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
This article is chiefly about the Routing Information Protocol for IPv4 and IPv6. ...
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a kind of IGP which is a proprietary distance-vector routing protocol invented by Cisco, used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system. ...
In the case of Link-state routing protocols, each node possesses information about the complete network topology. Each node then independently calculates the best next hop from it for every possible destination in the network using local information of the topology. The collection of best next hops forms the routing table for the node. A link-state routing protocol is one of the two main classes of routing protocols used in packet-switched networks for computer communications. ...
This contrasts with distance-vector routing protocols, which work by having each node share its routing table with its neighbors. In a link-state protocol, the only information passed between the nodes is information used to construct the connectivity maps. Example of Link-state routing protocols are: - Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- Intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS)
The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. ...
Intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS), is an IGP routing protocol originally designed for CLNS as part of the OSI protocol stack and described in ISO 10589 . ...
See also |