Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation. Additionally osteoblasts to stimulate osteoclast formation. Inhibitors of IL-6 (including estrogen) are used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. IL-6 is one of the most important mediators of fever and of the acute phase response. In the muscle and fatty tissue IL-6 stimulates energy mobilization which leads to increased body temperature. IL-6 can be secreated by macrophages in response to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) binding the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) present on an active macrophage. Cytokines are small protein molecules that regulate communication among immune system cells and between immune cells and those of other tissue types. ... T cells are a subset of lymphocytes that play a large role in the immune response. ... Macrophages (Greek: big eaters) are cells found in tissues that are responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris. ... An osteoblast (from the Greek words for bone and to build) is a mononucleate cell which produces a protein that produces osteoid. ... An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell that degrades and reabsorbs bone. ... Estrogens (also oestrogens) are a group of steroid compounds that function as the primary female sex hormone. ... Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is changed, and a concomitantly fracture risk is increased. ... Acute phase proteins are a class of proteins that are synthetized in the liver in response to inflammation. ...
Recently, it has been shown that IL-6 also acts as a "myokine," a cytokine produced from muscle, and is elevated in response to muscle contraction.[citation needed](Febbraio, 2005)
IL-1 | IL-2 | IL-3 | IL-4 | IL-5 | IL-6 | IL-7 | IL-8 | IL-9 | IL-10 | IL-11 | IL-12 | IL-13 | IL-14 | IL-15 | IL-16 | IL-17 | IL-18 | IL-19 | IL-20 | IL-21 | IL-22 | IL-23 | IL-24 | IL-25 Interleukins are a group of cytokines that are expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes, hence the -leukin) as a means of communication (inter-). The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune... Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is secreted by the macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells. ... Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of biological response modifier, a substance that can improve the bodys natural response to disease. ... Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is an interleukin, a type of biological signal (cytokine) that can improve the bodys natural response to disease as part of the immune system. ... Interleukin-4, abreviated IL-4, is a lymphokine that stimulates the proliferation of activated B-cells, T-cells, and differentiation of CD4+T-cells into Th2 cells, among other effects. ... IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. ... Hematopoietic growth factor capable of stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors. ... Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. ... Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine produced by T-cells and specifically by CD4+ helper cells. ... Interleukin-10 (IL-10 or IL10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNFα and GM-CSF by cells such as macrophages and Th1 cells. ... Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an interleukin that are naturally produced by macrophages and human B-lymphoblastoid cells (NC-37)in response to antigenic stimulation. ... Stimulates growth and differentiation of B-Cells, inhibits Th1 cells and the production of macrophage inflamatory cytokines, stimulates class switching to IgG1 and IgE. Categories: | | | ...
Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes, hence the -leukin) as a means of communication (inter-).
The name is something of a relic though; it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of bodily cells.
The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency.
IL-6 is probably the best studied of the cytokines that use gp130 in their signalling complexes.
Other cytokines that signal through receptors containing gp130 are Interleukin 11 (IL-11), Interleukin 27 (IL-27), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus interleukin6 like protein (KSHV-IL6).
These cytokines are commonly referred to as the IL-6 like or gp130 utilising cytokines.
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