International Classification for Standards (ICS) is an international classification system for technical standards. It is designed to cover every economic sector and virtually every activity of the humankind where standards may be used. Standardization, in the context related to technologies and industries, is the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition. ... Standardization, in the context related to technologies and industries, is the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition. ...

Developed and maintained by the International Organization for Standardization, the ICS is intended to be a continuous work in progress and is updated when necessary. The latest edition of the ICS can be downloaded free of charge from the ISO web site. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from national standards bodies. ... ISO has many meanings: Iso is the stem of the Latin transliteration of the Greek word ίσος (ísos, meaning equal). The iso- prefix in English derives from this and means equality or similarity. ...

Anyone may submit a proposal for modifications or additions to the ICS.

Purpose

The ICS serves as a structure for catalogues and databases of technical standards and other normative documents, and as a basis for standing-order systems for international, regional and national standards. There are various forms of catalog or catalogue, each organized registers of some set of objects. ... A database is an organized collection of data. ... Standardization, in the context related to technologies and industries, is the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition. ...

Classification principles

The ICS uses an hierarchical classification, which consists of three nested levels called fields (Level 1), groups (Level 2) and sub-groups (Level 3). Each field is subdivided into groups, which are further divided into sub-groups.

All classification levels are designated by a classification code (called notation) and a title. The notation is a set of Arabic numerals. Arabic numerals (also called Hindu numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals) are by far the most common form of symbolism used to represent numbers. ...

Top-level items, which have no parent levels, use a two-digit notation, for example:

43 ROAD VEHICLE ENGINEERING

The notations for groups and sub-groups include the parent-level notations. The example below shows a notation for Sub-Group 20 (Level 3), which belongs to Group 040 (Level 2) in Field 43 (Level 1).

43.040.20 Lighting, signalling and warning devices

Level 1 (Fields)

A field is the first level in the International Classification for Standards. It may represent one or a combination of the following:

• A sector of the economy such as agriculture, mining, construction or the packaging industry;
• A technology such as telecommunications or food processing;
• An activity such as environment protection, safety assurance and protection of public health;
• A field of science such as mathematics or astronomy.

At present the classification includes 40 fields. The El Chino Mine located near Silver City, New Mexico is an open-pit copper mine This article is about mineral extraction. ... Cranes are essential in large construction projects, such as this skyscraper In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. ... Packaging is the enclosing of a physical object, typically a product that will be offered for sale. ... BlackBerry 7100t Telecommunications is the communication of information over a distance. ... The food technology room at Marling School in Stroud, Gloucestershire. ... Environmental movement is a term often used for any social or political movement directed towards the preservation, restoration, or enhancement of the natural environment. ... Warning signs, such as this one, can improve safety awareness. ... Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ... Euclid, detail from The School of Athens by Raphael. ... Radio telescopes are among many different tools used by astronomers Astronomy (Greek: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia = astron + nomos, literally, law of the stars) is the science of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere, such as stars, planets, comets, auroras, galaxies, and the cosmic background radiation. ...

01 General. Terminology. Standardization. Documentation

03 Sociology. Services. Formation And Management Of Business Entities. Administration. Transportation

07 Mathematics. Natural Sciences

11 Health Care Technology

13 Environment. Health. Safety

17 Metrology And Measurement. Physical Phenomena

19 Testing

21 Mechanical Systems And Components For General Use

23 Fluid Systems And Components For General Use

25 Manufacturing Engineering

27 Energy And Thermal Engineering

29 Electrical Engineering

31 Electronics

33 Telecommunications. Audio And Video Engineering

35 Information Technology. Office Machines

37 Image Technology

39 Precision Mechanics. Jewelry

43 Road Vehicle Engineering

45 Railway Engineering

47 Shipbuilding And Marine Structures

49 Aircraft And Space Vehicle Engineering

53 Hoisting And Conveying Equipment. Materials Handling

55 Packaging And Distribution Of Goods

59 Textile And Leather Technology

61 Clothing Industry

65 Agriculture

67 Food Technology

71 Chemical And Petrochemical Technology

73 Mining And Minerals

75 Petroleum, Natural Gas, And Related Technologies

77 Metallurgy

79 Wood Technology

81 Glass And Ceramics Industries

83 Rubber, Asbestos, And Plastics Industries

85 Pulp And Paper Technology

87 Paint And Coating Industries

91 Construction. Building Materials

93 Civil Engineering

95 Military Engineering

97 Household And Commercial Equipment. Recreation. Sports

Level 2 (Groups)

The ICS second level, the group, is a subdivision of the field.

Level 3 (Sub-Groups)

Sub-groups are used in the ICS to subdivide groups into subjects that pertain to a particular aspect of the subject covered by a given group. Regardless of the subject, virtually all groups include a sub-group No. 01 that covers the complete subject of the respective group. In addition, most of the groups contain a sub-group No. 99 for standards on subjects which do not correspond either to the subjects of the general sub-groups or to the subjects of the specific sub-groups of the respective groups.

Level 4 (Units)

Level 4 subdivisions are not part of the official ICS document. The ICS rules however allow users of the classification system to subdivide the official ICS sub-groups into so-called units, making them a Level 4 component of the International Classification for Standards. This is accomplished by adding a two-digit number to the notation of the sub-group being subdivided. However, instead of a period, new notations use a hyphen as a separator. For example: A hyphen ( -, or ‐ ) is a punctuation mark. ...

35.220.20-10 Magnetic tapes

Trivia

• The International Classification for Standards has 99 top-level divisions of which only 40 are presently used. The remaining 59 divisions are reserved for topics that are not yet known.

• There are three "official" levels in the ICS system, each holding 99, 999 and 99 subsets, respectively.

• Each field of the ICS is designed to hold a maximum of 999 groups. The number 999 is a Kaprekar number since its square (999² = 998 001) can be split into two parts, 998 and 001, which add up to the original number again (998 + 001 = 999).

• Although any group in the ICS may contain no more than 99 "official" sub-groups, the holding capacity of the group can be expanded 99 times by using "unofficial" Level 4 subdivisions, an option that is built into the ICS. Adding Level 4 subdivisions to all sub-groups within a group increases the group's holding capacity to 9 801 subjects. Splitting this number into two parts, 98 and 01, and then adding them produces 99, the maximum number of "official" sub-groups in any given group of the ICS.

• The expanded version of the International Classification for Standards is capable of covering nearly 1 billion subjects (969 328 701 to be exact). This can be achieved without any restructuring of its numerical coding system. Since there are currently about 780 000 national standards in the world, the number of subjects that the ICS can offer for classification purposes exceeds 1 200 times the total number of documents that are available for classification.

In mathematics, a Kaprekar number is a number that, in a given base, when squared, can be split into two numbers with the same number of digits as the original number which add up to the original number again. ...

References

• (2005) International Classification for Standards, 6th Edition, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.
• Toth, Robert B. (April 1997). Profiles of National Standards-Related Activities, NIST Special Publication 912. United States: NIST.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from national standards bodies. ... As a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce’s Technology Administration, the National Institute of Standards (NIST) develops and promotes measurement, standards, and technology to enhance productivity, facilitate trade, and improve the quality of life. ... As a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce’s Technology Administration, the National Institute of Standards (NIST) develops and promotes measurement, standards, and technology to enhance productivity, facilitate trade, and improve the quality of life. ...

External links

• Full text of the ICS in PDF format (ISO web site)