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Lenin continued to be the chief exponent of Bolshevik thought in the long struggles for supremacy against Plekhanov, Kautsky, and other less radical Marxists.
Lenin was in Switzerland during the early years of World War I. In his view the war was an imperialist struggle; since imperialism was the final stage of capitalism, it was a historical necessity that the war would offer opportunities for a revolution of the proletariat.
Lenin concluded that Russia was now ripe for a socialist revolution, arguing that the moderate provisional government represented the bourgeoisie whereas the soviets represented, in his words, a revolutionary democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and peasantry.