Standards are produced by many organisations, some for internal usage only, others for use by a groups of people, groups of companies, or a subsection of an industry. A problem arises when different groups come together, each with a large user base doing some well established thing that between them is mutually incompatible.
There are many National Standards, but overall the International Organization for Standardization, based in Geneva, Switzerland has established tens of thousands of standards covering almost every conceivable topic. Most of these are then adopted worldwide replacing all the incompatible 'homegrown' standards. Many of these standards are naturally evolved from those designed in-house within an industry, or by a particular country, whilst others have been built from scratch by groups of experts who sit on various Technical Committees.
Standards for protocols, identifiers and codes, interchange formats, character sets, file formats and holdings descriptions are the basic building blocks of international information systems and are critical components of the global information structure that NISO is helping to build.
NISO is charged by the American National Standards Institute to represent U.S. interests in International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Technical Committee 46 on Information and Documentation.
Technical Committee 46/Subcommittee 4 (TC46/SC4) is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Subcommittee responsible for technical standards used to facilitate interoperability of information services such as libraries, information centers, indexing and abstracting services, archives, and publishing operations.
The International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) approved a report on "Vision Requirements for Driving Safety" at its meeting in February 2006 in São Paulo Brazil.
ICO Standards Committee Member August Colenbrander, MD The ICO resolution on "Visual Standards - Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss" was approved by the Council and International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies (IFOS) at the XXIX International Congress of Ophthalmology in Sydney, Australia in April 2002.
An international task force has adopted grading scales for evaluating the severity of different levels of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema disease.
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