Intifada (also Intefadah or Intifadah; from انتفاضةintifāḍah "shaking off") is an Arabic term for "uprising". Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Look up rebellion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
It came into common usage in English as the popularized name for two recent Palestinian campaigns directed at Israel. These two uprisings have been significant aspects of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in recent years:
The al-Aqsa Intifada (also known as the Second Palestinian Intifada or the Second Intifada) was the violent Palestinian-Israeli conflict that began in September of 2000.
A wave of demonstrations and riots that broke out in May 2005 in the Moroccan-occupied territory of Western Sahara that has been styled the "Independence Intifada" or the "El-Aaiun Intifada" by pro-independence Sahrawi demonstrators, a usage also applied by activists to earlier incidents in the territory in 1999 (the Smara Intifada), and 1970 (the Zemla Intifada, against Spanish occupation), although the usage was not widely adopted outside separatist activist circles.
In 1952, citizens of Baghdad engaged in a series of large-scale protests against the Iraqi government, widely referred to as "the Intifada". Following the United States–led invasion of Iraq in 2003Muqtada al-Sadr, a militant Shia cleric, launched an uprising which he also referred to as the "Iraqi Intifada"[1] aimed at ending the US-led foreign military presence in Iraq.
The 1990s Intifada was a popular uprising in Bahrain demanding a return to democratic rule.
The French Intifada is an ongoing conflict between various French civil servants and Muslim youths in the suburbs of Paris and France in general.
Electronic Intifada[2] is a news service devoted to exploring the Middle East question from the Palestine perspective.
Intifada is also the name of an underground hip hop duo from Puerto Rico consisting of Luis Diaz and Yallzee. Their music focuses on self-determination and independence for Puerto Rico and the rest of Latin America.
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The intifada was loosely organized, and three main groups participated in the movement, including the United National Command, which included the principal factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); the Islamic Resistance Movement, or Hamas; and the Islamic Jihad.
The intifada was a factor leading to the September1993Oslo Accords between the PLO and Israel.
In reaction to the second intifada, Israeli public opinion shifted noticeably to the right, and in February 2001 center-right politician Ariel Sharon, a vocal critic of returning the West Bank and Gaza Strip to Palestinian control, was elected prime minister.
The Intifada involved demonstrations, strikes, riots and violence, and was carried out both in the Gaza Strip and on the West Bank.
What made the Intifada stand out from earlier — and later — forms of protests, was its broadness, the wide support, the duration, and the involvement and organization by Islamist groups.
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