The Battle of Dorking (1871) triggered an explosion of invasion literature. Cover page from a 1914 edition.

Invasion literature (or the invasion novel) was a historical literary genre most notable between 1871 and the First World War (1914). The genre first became recognizable starting in Britain in 1871 with The Battle of Dorking, a fictional account of an invasion of England by Germany. This short story was so popular it started a literary craze for tales that aroused imaginations and anxieties about hypothetical invasions by foreign powers, and by 1914 the genre had amassed a corpus of over 400 books, many best-sellers, and a world-wide audience. The genre was influential in Britain in shaping politics, national policies and popular perceptions in the years leading up to the First World War, and remains a part of popular culture to this day. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 358 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (428 × 717 pixel, file size: 68 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 358 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (428 × 717 pixel, file size: 68 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or content. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total... An invasion is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory, or altering the established government. ...

Invasion literature

In Europe

The Battle of Dorking (1871) by George Tomkyns Chesney first appeared in Blackwood's Magazine, a respected Victorian political journal read by important British politicians. The short story describes the invasion of England by an unnamed enemy (who happen to speak German), in which the narrator and 1000 citizens defend the small English town of Dorking, with no supplies or news of outside events. The story then moves forward in time 50 years and England is still devastated. Sir George Tomkyns Chesney (April 30, 1830-March 31, 1895), British Army general, brother of Colonel Charles Cornwallis Chesney, was born at Tiverton, Devon, on April 30, 1830. ... Blackwoods Magazine was a British magazine and miscellany printed between 1817 and 1980. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Dorking is a market town at the foot of the North Downs approximately 25 miles south of London, in Surrey in England. ...

The author, like many of his countrymen at the time, was alarmed by Prussia's successful invasion of France in 1870, defeating Europe's largest army in only two months. The Battle of Dorking was initially meant to shock readers into becoming more aware of the possible dangers of a foreign threat, but unwittingly created a new literary genre appealing to popular anxieties. The story was an immediate success, with one reviewer saying "We do not know that we ever saw anything better in any magazine... it describes exactly what we all feel." It was so popular that the magazine was re-printed six times, a new pamphlet version was created, dozens of spoofs were created, and it was for sale throughout the British Empire. One running joke in England at the time was an injury, such as a bruise or scrape, being attributed to a wound received at the battle of Dorking. Anthem Preußenlied, Heil dir im Siegerkranz (both unofficial) The Kingdom of Prussia at its greatest extent, at the time of the formation of the German Empire, 1871 Capital Berlin Government Monarchy King  - 1701 — 1713 Frederick I (first)  - 1888 — 1918 William II (last) Prime minister  - 1848 Adolf Heinrich von Arnim... Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with south German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III Otto Von Bismarck, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000 at the beginning of the war 1,200,000 Casualties 150,000 dead or wounded 284,000 captured 350,000 civilian... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The running gag is a popular hallmark of comedy television shows and movies. ...

Between the publication of The Battle of Dorking in 1871 and the start of First World War in 1914 there were hundreds of authors writing invasion literature, often topping the best seller lists in Germany, France, England and the United States. During the period it is estimated over 400 invasion works were published. Probably the best known work was H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds (1898), a faithful reproduction of The Battle of Dorking but with a science fiction theme. Dracula (1897) also tapped into English fears of foreign forces arriving unopposed on its shores, although between 1870 and 1903 the majority of these works assumed that the enemy would be France, rather than Germany. This changed with the publication of Erskine Childers's 1903 novel The Riddle of the Sands. Often called the first modern spy novel, two men on a sailing holiday thwart a German invasion of England when they discover a secret fleet of invasion barges assembling on the German coast. Of these hundreds of authors, few are in print now. Saki is one of the exceptions, although his 1913 novel When William Came (subtitled "A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns"), is more jingoistic than literary. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 – August 13, 1946), better known as H. G. Wells, was an English writer best known for such science fiction novels as The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds, The Invisible Man, The First Men in the Moon and The Island of Doctor Moreau. ... The War of the Worlds (1898), by H. G. Wells, is an early science fiction novella which describes an invasion of England by aliens from Mars. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Dracula is an 1897 novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, featuring as its primary antagonist the vampire Count Dracula. ... Erskine Childers was the name of two Irish leaders of British birth who were key players in 20th century Ireland. ... The Riddle of the Sands is a 1903 novel by Erskine Childers. ... The spy fiction genre (sometimes called political thriller) first arose just before the First World War, at about the same time, the first organized intelligence agencies were being formed. ... Saki (December 18, 1870 – November 14, 1916) was the pen name of British author Hector Hugh Munro, whose witty and sometimes macabre stories satirised Edwardian society and culture. ... When William Came is a novel written by British author Saki (Hector Hugh Munro) and published in 1914. ... Aerial view of the castle, Hohenzollern, Germany. ...

William Le Queux was the most prolific author of the genre; his first novel was The Great War in England in 1897 (1894) and he went on to publish from one to twelve novels a year until his death in 1927. His work was regularly serialised in newspapers, particularly the Daily Mail, and attracted many readers. It is believed Ian Fleming's James Bond character was inspired by Le Queux's agent "Duckworth Drew". In some ways "The Great War" can be considered an antithesis to "The Battle of Dorking" - with the one ending for Britain in sombre and irrevocable defeat and decline, while in the other the invasion of London is pushed back in the last moment (with the help of Germany, portrayed as a staunch ally against France and Russia), with enormous territorial aggrandizement (Britain gets Algeria and Russian Central Asia; "Britannia" becomes "Empress of the World"). William Tufnell Le Queux (1864 - 1927) was a British journalist and writer. ... Written by William Le Queux and published by Tower Publishing Co. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ... Ian Lancaster Fleming (May 28, 1908 – August 12, 1964) was a British author, journalist and Second World War Naval Officer. ... Flemings image of James Bond; commissioned to aid the Daily Express comic strip artists. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

Le Queux's most popular invasion novel was The Invasion of 1910 (1906) which was translated into twenty-seven languages selling more than a million copies world-wide. Le Queux and his publisher changed the ending depending on the language, so in the German print edition the fatherland wins, while in the English edition the Germans lose. Le Queux was said to be the Queen Alexandra's favorite author. Princess Alexandra of Denmark (later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925), was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom and thus Empress of India during her husbands reign. ...

In Asia

Invasion literature had its impact also in Japan, at the time undergoing a fast process of modernization. Shunrō Oshikawa, a pioneer of Japanese science fiction and adventure stories (genres unknown in Japan until a few years earlier), published at the turn of the century the best-seller Kaitō Bōken Kidan: Kaitei Gunkan ("Undersea Battleship"): the story of an armoured, ram-armed submarine involved in a future history of war between Japan and Russia. The novel reflected the imperialist ambitions of Japan at the time, and foreshadowed the Russo-Japanese War that followed a few years later, in 1904. When the actual war with Russia broke out, Oshikawa covered it as a journalist while also continuing to publish further volumes of fiction depicting Japanese imperial exploits set in the Pacific and Indian Ocean - which also proved an enormous success with the Japanese public. In a later career as a magazine editor, he also encouraged the writing of more fiction in the same vein by other Japanese authors. This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Shunrō Oshikawa , real name 押川 方存 Oshikawa Masaari [1], March 21, 1876 - November 16, 1914), was a Japanese author, journalist and editor, and is best known as a pioneer of science fiction. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... A bestseller is a book that is identified as extremely popular by its inclusion on a list of top-sellers. ... In warfare, ramming is a technique that was used in the air, sea and tank combat. ... USS Virginia, a Virginia-class nuclear attack (SSN) submarine Alvin in 1978, a year after first exploring hydrothermal vents. ... Universe was a 1941 story from Heinleins Future History series (shown here in the 1951 Dell edition). ... Imperialism is the policy of extending the control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. ... Combatants Russian Empire Montenegro[1] Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov â€  Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo The Russo–Japanese War (Japanese: Nichi-Ro Sensō, Russian: , Chinese: , February 10, 1904 – September 5, 1905) was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ...

Colonial Hong Kong's earliest work of invasion literature is believed to have been the 1897 The Back Door. Published in serial form in a local newspaper, it described a fictional French and Russian naval landing at Hong Kong Island's Deep Water Bay; the story was intended to criticise the lack of British funding for the defence of Hong Kong, and it is speculated that members of the Imperial Japanese Army may have read the book in preparation for the 1941 Battle of Hong Kong.^[1] The Back Door was an anonymous work of invasion literature serialised in Hong Kong newspaper The China Mail from 30 September through 8 October 1897. ... The night view of the Island side as seen from the Kowloon side - the opposite side of the Victoria Harbour Hong Kong Island (Traditional Chinese: 香港島; Simplified Chinese: 香港岛; Cantonese Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 dou2; Mandarin Pinyin: Xiānggǎngdǎo) is the island where the colonial settlement of the Hong Kong territory... Deep Water Bay Beach Deep Water Bay (深水灣) is a bay on the southern shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. ... British Forces Overseas Hong Kong consisted of the elements of the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. ... The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) (Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍, Shinjitai: , Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun) was the official ground based armed force of Imperial Japan from 1867 to 1945. ... Combatants British Army Canadian Army British Indian Army Imperial Japanese Army Commanders Mark Aitchison Young Christopher Michael Maltby Sakai Takashi Strength 15,000 troops 50,000 troops Casualties 4,500 killed 8,500 POWs 706 killed 1,534 wounded The Battle of Hong Kong took place during the Pacific campaign...

In the USA

The move of American public opinion towards participation in World War I was reflected in Uncle Sam's Boys at The Invasion of the United States by H. Irving Hancock. This four-book series, published by the Henry Altemus Company in 1916, depicts a German invasion of the US in 1920-21, with the German surface navy showing a fictional strength quite at odds with its by then already proven showing in the actual war. (Although it scored a tactical victory in 1916 at the Battle of Jutland, it found itself unable to venture into the North Sea for the remainder of the war.) The plot seems to transfer the main story line of Le Queux's The Great War (with which the writer may have been familiar) to an American theatre: the Germans launch a surprise attack, capture Boston despite heroic resistance by "Uncle Sam's boys", overun all of New England and New York and reach as far as Pittsburgh - but at last are gloriously crushed by fresh American forces (see [1]). “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Harrie Irving Hancock (1866?-1922) was an American author of childrens literature in the late 19th/early 20th century, born in Massachusetts and died in Suffolk, New York. ... The Henry Altemus Company was a publishing company based in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. for almost a century, from 1842 to 1936. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Combatants Grand Fleet of the Royal Navy High Seas Fleet of the Kaiserliche Marine Commanders Sir John Jellicoe Sir David Beatty Reinhard Scheer Franz von Hipper Strength 28 battleships 9 battlecruisers 8 heavy cruisers 26 light cruisers 78 destroyers 1 minelayer 1 seaplane carrier 16 battleships 5 battlecruisers 6 pre... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... NY redirects here. ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ...

Political impact

Stories of a planned German invasion rose to increasing political prominence from 1906. Taking their inspiration from the stories of Le Queux and Childers, hundreds of ordinary citizens began to suspect foreigners of espionage. This trend was accentuated by Le Queux, who collected 'sightings' brought to his attention by readers and raised them through his association with the Daily Mail. Subsequent research has since shown that no significant German espionage network existed in Britain at this time. Claims about the scale of German invasion preparations grew increasingly ambitious. The number of German spies was put at between 60,000 and 300,000 (in spite of the total German community in Britain being no more than 44,000 people). It was alleged that thousands of rifles were being stockpiled by German spies in order to arm saboteurs at the outbreak of war.

Calls for government action grew ever more intense, and in 1909 it was given as the reason for the secret foundation of the Secret Service Bureau, the forerunner of MI5 and MI6. Historians today debate whether this was in fact the real reason, but in any case the concerns raised in invasion literature came to define the early duties of the Bureau's Home Section. Vernon Kell, the section head, remained obsessed with the location of these saboteurs, focusing his operational plans both before and during the war on defeating the saboteurs imagined by Le Queux. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), more commonly known as MI6 (originally Military Intelligence Section 6), or the Secret Service, is the United Kingdom external security agency. ... Chuck 19:28, 28 July 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

Invasion literature was not without detractors; policy experts in the years preceding the First World War said invasion literature risked inciting war between England and Germany and France. Critics such as Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman denounced Le Queux's The Invasion of 1910 as "calculated to inflame public opinion abroad and alarm the more ignorant public at home." Journalist Charles Lowe wrote in 1910: "Among all the causes contributing to the continuance of a state of bad blood between England and Germany perhaps the most potent is the baneful industry of those unscrupulous writers who are forever asserting that the Germans are only awaiting a fitting opportunity to attack us in our island home and burst us up." A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (7 September 1836 – 22 April 1908) , also known as Andie McDowell, was a British Liberal statesman who served as Prime Minister from December 5, 1905 until resigning due to ill health on April 3, 1908. ... Charles Lowe (June 23, 1890 — May 11, 1953) was an English cricketer. ...

Pre-"Dorking" invasion literature

The invasion literature genre became most notable with The Battle of Dorking in the 1870s. However, already a century earlier, at France in the 1780s, there was a mini-boom of invasion stories appearing soon after the French first developed the hot-air balloon. Poems and plays, depicting armies of balloons headed to England, could be found in France and even America. However it was not until the Prussians first used advanced technologies such as breech-loading artillery and railroads to defeat the French in 1870 that the imagined fears of invasion by a technologically superior enemy became real. Hot air balloons are the oldest successful human flight technology, dating back to the Montgolfier brothers invention in Annonay, France in 1783. ... A breech-loading weapon, usually a gun or cannon, is one where the bullet or shell is inserted, loaded, into the gun at the rear of the barrel, the breech; the opposite of muzzle-loading. ...

Invasion Literature after WWI

Steven Spielberg's hit 2005 film War of the Worlds is a modern example of invasion literature, albeit of a non-political variety.

The invasion genre has persisted to this day in popular culture because it continues to appeal to the anxieties of the moment, including terrorism, pandemics, and ecological and environmental catastrophe. Image File history File links Tripod_in_action. ... Image File history File links Tripod_in_action. ... Steven Allan Spielberg KBE (born December 18, 1946)[1] is an American film director and producer. ... War of the Worlds is a 2005 science fiction disaster film based on H. G. Wells original novel, and was directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp. ...

The "First Red Scare" following World War I produced Edgar Rice Burroughs's The Moon Men (1925), a depiction of Earth (and specifically, the United States) under the rule of cruel invaders from the Moon. This book is known to have been originally written as "Under the Red Flag", an explicit anti-Communist novel, and when rejected by the publishers in that form it was successfully "recycled" by Burroughs as Science Fiction. Political cartoon of the era depicting an anarchist attempting to destroy the Statue of Liberty. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Edgar Rice Burroughs Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American author, best known for his creation of the jungle hero Tarzan, although he also produced works in many genres. ... For other moons in the solar system see natural satellite. ... Anti-communism is opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either a theoretical or practical level. ...

After the Second World War fears of Communist invasion became even more pronounced in books like Robert A. Heinlein's The Puppet Masters (1951) and films like Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), and more explicitly in the 1980s with Red Dawn (1984) and Amerika (1987). Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of hard science fiction. ... In 1951, Robert A. Heinlein published a science fiction novel, The Puppet Masters, in which American secret agents battle parasitic invaders from outer space. ... Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a 1956 science fiction film. ... Red Dawn is a 1984 film by John Milius about an invasion of the United States by the Soviet Union and Cuba, and the resulting guerrilla actions of a group of American high school students in the fictional town of Calumet, Colorado. ... Amerika – suggesting a Russian name for the United States – was an American television miniseries that was broadcast in 1987. ...

In 1971, when realization of losing the Vietnam War was sinking into the American consciousness, two books appeared almost simultaneously, both depicting a United States under Soviet occupation. In Vandenberg by Oliver Lange - written, like "Dorking", as a cautionary tale - most Americans accept Soviet overlordship without much protest, the only resistance coming from a group of oddballs in a corner of New Mexico. In contrast, in John Ball's The First Team - as in "The Great War" - a seemingly hopeless situation is retrieved by a band of courageous patriots with the book ending on a note of uplifting liberation. Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... Soviet redirects here. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Juhn Dudley Ball (1911-1988), writing as John Ball, was an American author best known for novels involving the character Virgil Tibbs, first introduced in 1965 in In the Heat of the Night. ... The First Team is a 1971 thriller by John Ball. ...

The Tomorrow series of young adult novels by John Marsden, first published in 1994, detail an invasion of Australia by an un-named country from the perspective of a band of teenage guerillas. The Tomorrow series is a series of invasion novels written by Australian author John Marsden, detailing a high-intensity invasion and occupation of Australia by a foreign power. ... John Marsden (born September 27, 1950) is an Australian writer. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ...

TV and movies in the period following the 9/11 terrorist attacks saw an "invasion" of new "alien" themed shows. A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...

Influences

A main theme in invasion literature is a fear of and fascination with technology. The invasions are made possible by a technological leap that gives the invader a supra-human advantage.

I.F. Clarke, a British literary scholar, is recognized as the primary expert on the genre.

Notable invasion literature

• The Battle of Dorking (1871), George Tomkyns Chesney
• The Germ Growers (1892), Robert Potter
• The Great War in England in 1897 (1894), William Le Queux
• The War of the Worlds (1898), H. G. Wells
• The Riddle of the Sands (1903), Erskine Childers
• The Invasion of 1910 (1906), William Le Queux
• The Australian Crisis (1907), by C. H. Kirmess
• Spies of the Kaiser (1909), William Le Queux
• When William Came (1913), Saki

The Battle of Dorking (1871) triggered an explosion of invasion literature. ... Sir George Tomkyns Chesney (April 30, 1830-March 31, 1895), British Army general, brother of Colonel Charles Cornwallis Chesney, was born at Tiverton, Devon, on April 30, 1830. ... Written by William Le Queux and published by Tower Publishing Co. ... William Tufnell Le Queux (1864 - 1927) was a British journalist and writer. ... The War of the Worlds (1898), by H. G. Wells, is an early science fiction novella which describes an invasion of England by aliens from Mars. ... Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 – August 13, 1946), better known as H. G. Wells, was an English writer best known for such science fiction novels as The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds, The Invisible Man, The First Men in the Moon and The Island of Doctor Moreau. ... The Riddle of the Sands is a 1903 novel by Erskine Childers. ... Erskine Childers was the name of two Irish leaders of British birth who were key players in 20th century Ireland. ... William Tufnell Le Queux (1864 - 1927) was a British journalist and writer. ... William Tufnell Le Queux (1864 - 1927) was a British journalist and writer. ... When William Came is a novel written by British author Saki (Hector Hugh Munro) and published in 1914. ... Saki (December 18, 1870 – November 14, 1916) was the pen name of British author Hector Hugh Munro, whose witty and sometimes macabre stories satirised Edwardian society and culture. ...

See also

• Alien invasion
• Alternate history (fiction)
• The British Empire in Fiction
• England Invaded (1977), a collection of six popular Invasion Literature stories republished in 1977.
• World War III in popular culture
• Before Armageddon: An Anthology of Victorian and Edwardian Imaginative Fiction Published Before 1914 (1976)

The alien invasion is a common theme in science fiction stories and film, in which a technologically-superior extraterrestrial society invades Earth with the intent to replace human life, or to enslave it under a colonial system, or in some cases, to use humans as food. ... Alternate history (fiction) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The British Empire has often been portrayed in fiction. ... England Invaded, a collection of imaginative fiction, including invasion literature, from the Victorian and Edwardian periods edited by Michael Moorcock. ... World War III is a common theme in popular culture. ... Before Armageddon: An Anthology of Victorian and Edwardian Imaginative Fiction Published Before 1914 is a collection of stories, including invasion literature, edited by Michael Moorcock. ...

External links

• I.F. Clarke, 1997. "Future War Fiction". An award-winning essay.
• I.F. Clarke, 1997. "Before and After The Battle of Dorking".
• George Tomkyns Chesney (1871). The Battle of Dorking. London, G. Richards ltd., 1914, introduction by G. H. Powell. From Internet Archive.

Sir George Tomkyns Chesney (April 30, 1830-March 31, 1895), British Army general, brother of Colonel Charles Cornwallis Chesney, was born at Tiverton, Devon, on April 30, 1830. ... The logo of Internet Archive The Internet Archive (IA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line library and archive of Web and multimedia resources. ...

References

• Andrew, Christopher, 1985. Secret Service: the making of the British intelligence community. ISBN 0-434-02110-5
• I.F. Clarke, 1966/1992. Voices Prophesying War: Future Wars, 1763-3749. ISBN 0-19-212302-5
• Tom Reiss, 2005. Imagining the Worst: How a literary genre anticipated the modern world. The New Yorker, November 28, 2005. pp.106-114