NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Iolanthe

Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri, is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. It is one of the Savoy Operas and the seventh collaboration of the fourteen between Gilbert and Sullivan. It was first produced in London at the Savoy Theatre, on 25 November 1882, three days after Patience closed, and ran for 398 performances. Comic opera is a subcategory of opera, and denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842 â€“ November 22, 1900) was an English composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert. ... Sir William Schwenck Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (November 18, 1836 â€“ May 29, 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. ... The Savoy Operas are a series of operettas written by Gilbert and Sullivan. ... W. S. Gilbert Arthur Sullivan Librettist William Schwenck Gilbert (1836â€“1911) and composer Arthur Seymour Sullivan (1842â€“1900) collaborated on a series of fourteen comic operas in Victorian England between 1871 and 1896. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Savoy Theatre London, December 2003 The Savoy Theatre, which opened on 10 October 1881, was built by Richard DOyly Carte (1844 - 1901) on the site of the old Savoy Palace in London as a showcase for the works of Gilbert and Sullivan, which became known as the Savoy Operas... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Patience (operetta) Patience (video tape cover) Patience (video tape cover) This article refers to the Savoy Opera. ...

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Background

Iolanthe was an occasion for what must have seemed a truly magical event in 1882. The Savoy Theatre was the first theatre in the world to be wired for electricity, and such stunning special effects as sparkling fairy wands were possible. Captain (later Sir) Eyre Massey Shaw, to whom the Fairy Queen refers in the second act ("Oh, Captain Shaw/Type of true love kept under/Could thy brigade with cold cascade/Quench my great love, I wonder"), was head of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade. He was present at the first night of Iolanthe, and the words were directed at him by Alice Barnett as the Fairy Queen, to the great delight of the audience. Colorized photograph of Captain Shaw Captain Sir Eyre Massey Shaw (1830-1908) was the Superintendent of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (now renamed the London Fire Brigade), and its predecessor, the London Fire Engine Establishment, from 1861 to 1891. ...

Much of Sullivan's "fairy" music pays deliberate homage to the incidental music written by Felix Mendelssohn for a production of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. The music for the fairies also makes references to the music of other composers, including Richard Wagner. Gilbert, too, was influenced by earlier works, including The Mountain Sylph by John Barnett. Incidental music is music in a play, television program, radio program or some other form not primarily musical. ... Felix Mendelssohn at the age of 30 Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and known generally as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3, 1809 â€“ November 4, 1847) was a German composer and conductor of the early Romantic period. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 â€“ February 13, 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as he later came to call them). ... John Barnett (1802—1890), English musical composer, son of a Prussian named Bernhard Beer, who changed his name on settling in England as a jeweller, was born at Bedford, and at the age of eleven sang on the Lyceum stage in London. ...

Two characters in Iolanthe, Strephon and Phyllis, are described as Arcadian shepherds. Arcadia was a legendary site of rural perfection, first described by the Ancient Greeks, that was a popular setting for writers of the 19th century. Gilbert himself had written an earlier work called Happy Arcadia. Iolanthe is, however, more than just a fairy tale. Several of Gilbert's themes are continued from Patience, including The war between the sexes and the satire on legal and political themes. Iolanthe is one of several of Gilbert's works, including The Wicked World, Broken Hearts, Fallen Fairies, and Princess Ida, where the introduction of males into a tranquil world of women brings "mortal love" that wreaks havoc with the status quo.[1] Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek_speaking world in ancient times. ... Happy Arcadia is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music originally by Frederic Clay that premiered on October 28, 1872 at the Gallery of Illustration. ... The Wicked World is a blank verse play by W. S. Gilbert in three acts. ... Broken Hearts is a blank verse play by W. S. Gilbert in three acts styled An entirely original fairy play. It opened at the Royal Court Theatre in London on December 9, 1875. ... Fallen Fairies; or, The Wicked World, is a two-act comic opera, with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Edward German. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Princess Ida Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Princess (Tennyson) Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant, is the eighth operetta written by Gilbert and Sullivan. ...

Gilbert had targeted the aristocracy for satiric treatment before, but in this "fairy opera," the House of Lords is lampooned as a bastion of the ineffective, privileged and dim-witted. The political party system and other institutions also come in for a dose of satire. Among many potshots that Gilbert takes at lawyers in this opera, the Lord Chancellor sings that he will "work on a new and original plan" that the rule (which holds true in other professions, such as the military, the church and even the stage) that diligence, honestly, honour, and merit should lead to promotion "might apply to the bar". Throughout Iolanthe, however, both author and composer managed to couch the criticism among such bouncy, amiable absurdities that it is all received as good humour. In fact, Gilbert later refused to allow quotes from the piece to be used as part of the campaign to diminish the powers of the House of Lords.

Although titled Iolanthe all along in Gilbert's plot book (Tillet et al 1982, p. 5), for a time the piece was advertised as Perola. According to an often-repeated story, Gilbert and Sullivan didn't change the name to Iolanthe until just before the première:

In fact, the title was advertised as Iolanthe as early as November 13, 1882 – eleven days before the opening – so the cast had at least that much time to learn the name. It is also clear that Sullivan's musical setting was written to match the cadence of the word "Iolanthe," and could only accommodate the word "Perola" by preceding it (awkwardly) with "O", "Come" or "Ah". (Tillett et al 1982, pp. 6–7). November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

At the time of writing Iolanthe, both Gilbert and Sullivan were in their peak creative years, and many G&S fans feel that Iolanthe, their seventh work together, is the best balanced, if not simply the best, of their collaborations. "[Sullivan] had composed a brilliant new score (his most subtle yet) to a scintillating libretto.... Iolanthe is the work in which Sullivan's operetta style takes a definite step forward, and metamorphosis of musical themes is its characteristic new feature.... By recurrence and metamorphosis of themes Sullivan made the score more fluid...." (Jacobs 1984, pp. 176-179).

Roles

Baritone (French: baryton; Deutsch: Bariton; Italian: baritono) is most commonly the type of male voice that lies between bass and tenor. ... Baritone (French: baryton; Deutsch: Bariton; Italian: baritono) is most commonly the type of male voice that lies between bass and tenor. ... In music, a tenor is a male singer with a high voice. ... A bass (or basso in Italian) is a male singer who sings in the deepest vocal range of the human voice. ... Baritone (French: baryton; Deutsch: Bariton; Italian: baritono) is most commonly the type of male voice that lies between bass and tenor. ... In music, an alto is a singer with a vocal range somewhere between a tenor and a soprano. ... A mezzo-soprano (meaning medium soprano in Italian) is a female singer with a range usually extending from the A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally have a darker (or lower) vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between that... Look up soprano in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A mezzo-soprano (meaning medium soprano in Italian) is a female singer with a range usually extending from the A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally have a darker (or lower) vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between that... Look up soprano in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Synopsis

Act I

Twenty-five years prior to the beginning of the opera, Iolanthe, the mistress of fairy revels,who liked to please with constant blowjobs, also arranged all the fairy dances and songs, committed the capital crime (under fairy law) of marrying a mortal human. The Queen of the fairies commuted Iolanthe's sentence of death to banishment for life on the condition that Iolanthe left her husband and never communicated with him again. After the passage of 25 years, the fairies, still missing Iolanthe deeply, plead with the Queen to pardon Iolanthe and to restore her place in fairyland. by Sophie Anderson For other uses, see Fairy (disambiguation). ...

Summoned by the Fairy Queen, Iolanthe rises from the frog-infested stream that has been her home in exile. The Queen, unable to bear punishing her any longer, pardons Iolanthe, and she is warmly greeted by the other fairies. Iolanthe tells her sisters that she has a son, a half-fairy, half-human named Strephon ("He's a fairy down to the waist, but his legs are mortal"). The fairies laugh that Iolanthe appears too young to have a grown son, as one of the advantages of a fairy's immortality is that they never grow old. Strephon, a handsome Arcadian shepherd, arrives and meets his aunts. He tells Iolanthe joyously of his love for the Lord Chancellor's ward of court, the beautiful Phyllis. Phyllis does not know of Strephon's mixed origin. Strephon is despondent, however, as the Lord Chancellor has forbidden them to marry – partly because he feels that a shepherd is unsuitable for Phyllis, but partly because he wishes to marry Phyllis himself. In fact, so do half the members of the House of Lords. The Fairy Queen promises her assistance. Soon Phyllis arrives, and she and Strephon share a moment of tenderness as they plan their future and possible elopement. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor and prior to the Union the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom, and its predecessor states. ... In law, a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian. ... The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as the Lords. The Sovereign, the House of Commons (which is the lower house of Parliament and referred to as the Commons), and the Lords together comprise the Parliament. ...

A cadre of the peers of the realm arrive. They are all smitten with Phyllis, and they have appealed to the Lord Chancellor to decide who will have her hand. The Lord Chancellor also fosters a passion for Phyllis, but is hesitant to act upon said passion due to his position as her guardian. The Lords send for Phyllis to choose one of their number, but she declares that she won't marry any of them, as virtue is found only in a "lowly" cottage. The peers are unhappy at her rejection and beg her not to scorn them simply because their blood is excessively blue. Strephon approaches the Lord Chancellor, pleading that Nature bids him marry Phyllis. But the Lord Chancellor wryly notes that Strephon has not presented sufficient evidence that Nature has interested herself in the matter. He refuses his consent to the marriage between Strephon and Phyllis. For other uses, see Peerage (disambiguation). ... Rules of evidence govern if, when, how, and for what purpose proof of a case is placed before a trier of fact for consideration. ...

Disappointed, Strephon calls on Iolanthe for help. She appears and promises to support him in every way. Spying on the two, the peers — led by the brainless and stuffy Earls Tolloller and Mountararat — together with Phyllis, see Iolanthe and Strephon in a warm embrace. All three jump to the obvious conclusion, since the centuries-old Iolanthe appears to be a girl of seventeen. The Peers scoff at the seemingly absurd claim that Iolanthe is Strephon's mother ("She is, has been, my mother from my birth"). Phyllis angrily rejects Strephon for his supposed infidelity and declares that she will marry either Lord Tolloller or Lord Mountararat ("...and I don't care which!"). Strephon at last calls for help from the fairies. They appear on cue, but are mistaken by the Peers for a girls' school on an outing. Offended, the Fairy Queen pronounces a magical "sentence" upon the Peers: Strephon shall not only become a Member of Parliament, but will have the power to pass any bill he proposes, including throwing the peerage open to competitive examination. The curtain closes with the fairies threatening the peers. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ...

Act II

The fairies have come to Westminster and tease the unhappy Peers with the success and pronouncements of MP Strephon. As the Fairy Queen threatened in Act I, Strephon is advancing a bill to open the peerage to competitive examination. The peers ask the fairies to stop Strephon's mischief, stating that the House of Peers is not susceptible of any improvement. Although the fairies say that they cannot stop Strephon, they have become very much attracted to the peers, whom they find handsome and delightful. The fairy Queen is dismayed by this. Pointing to Private Willis of the First Grenadier Guards, who is the sentry on duty, the Queen claims that she is able to subdue her response to the effects of manly beauty. â€œHouses of Parliamentâ€ redirects here. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... The Grenadier Guards is the most senior regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army, and, as such, is the most senior regiment of infantry. ...

Phyllis cannot decide which of the two selected Peers, Tolloller or Mountararat, she ought to marry, and so she leaves the choice up to them. However, Tolloller tells Mountararat that his family's tradition would require the two Earls to duel to the death if the latter were to claim Phyllis. The two decide that their friendship is more important than love, and renounce their claims to her. Meanwhile, the Lord Chancellor has a nightmare due to his unrequited love for Phyllis. The two Peers try to cheer him up. At their urging, the Lord Chancellor determines to make another effort to convince himself to award Phyllis to himself.

Although Strephon now leads both parties in Parliament, he is miserable at losing Phyllis. Seeing Phyllis, he finally explains to her that his mother is a fairy, which accounts for a good many things! Phyllis and Strephon ask Iolanthe to go to the Lord Chancellor and plead for him to allow their marriage, for "none can resist your fairy eloquence." Impossible, she replies, for the Lord Chancellor is her husband. The Lord Chancellor believes Iolanthe to have died childless, and she is bound not to "undeceive" him, under penalty of death. However, to save Strephon from losing his love, Iolanthe relents and decides to break her word to the Fairy Queen by speaking with the Lord Chancellor to plead on behalf of Strephon. The Houses of Parliament, as seen over Westminster Bridge The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. ...

At first, Iolanthe pleads for Strephon while veiled. Although the Chancellor is moved by her appeal, he is determined to marry Phyllis. Iolanthe is forced to unveil and reveal that she is his long-lost wife, and that Strephon is his son. The Lord Chancellor is amazed to discover that Iolanthe still lives, but she has betrayed the conditions of her pardon, and the Fairy Queen is now left with no choice but to punish Iolanthe with death. As she prepares to execute Iolanthe, the Queen learns that the rest of the fairies have all now chosen husbands from among the Peers. The Lord Chancellor suggests a solution: change the law with one simple word, so that fairies, instead of being forbidden to marry mortals, are instead required to do so. The Fairy Queen cheerfully agrees and, to save her life, the dutiful soldier, Private Willis, agrees to marry her. Likewise, seeing no reason to stay in the mortal realm if peers are to be recruited from persons of intelligence, the peers agree to join the fairy ranks. They all sprout wings and leave together to live in fairyland.

Musical numbers

Act II Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Colorized photograph of Captain Shaw Captain Sir Eyre Massey Shaw (1830-1908) was the Superintendent of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (now renamed the London Fire Brigade), and its predecessor, the London Fire Engine Establishment, from 1861 to 1891. ...

Deleted songs

For James Crichton, the recipient of the Victoria Cross, see James Crichton (VC) James Crichton (the Admirable Crichton) (1560 - 1582) was a significant Scottish scholar. ... The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...

Productions

Iolanthe, the first opera to premiere at the new Savoy Theatre, had a successful initial run in London of 398 performances, spanning the holiday seasons of both 1882 and 1883. In an unprecedented first, the New York premiere was given on the same date — November 25, 1882, with the composer's assistant, Alfred Cellier, conducting. Iolanthe was not revived in London until 1901, making it the first of the operas to be revived after the composer's death the year before. It was also included in two Savoy repertory seasons, in 1906–07 and 1908–09. November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Alfred Cellier (1844 â€“ 1891), English musical composer, was born at Hackney on the 1st of December 1844. ...

In the British provinces, Iolanthe played — either by itself, or in repertory — continuously from February 1882 through 1885, then not again until late 1891. From then on, it was always present in the D'Oyly Carte touring repertory, being included in some part of every season until the company's closure in 1982.

Iolanthe had the distinction of being the first Gilbert and Sullivan opera performed professionally in London by a non-D'Oyly Carte company. It was produced at the Sadler's Wells Theatre on January 24, 1962 at the Sadler's Wells Theatre, less than one month after the Gilbert copyrights expired. January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... Sadlers Wells theatre, 2005 Sadlers Wells Theatre is located on Rosebery Avenue, Clerkenwell, London. ...

The following table shows the history of the D'Oyly Carte productions in Gilbert's lifetime:

November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (89th in leap years). ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... June 11 is the 162nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (163rd in leap years), with 203 days remaining. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (87th in leap years). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Historical casting

The following tables show the casts of the principal original productions and D'Oyly Carte Opera Company touring repertory at various times through to the company's 1982 closure:

George Grossmith, as illustrated in The Idler magazine, 1897 George Grossmith (December 9, 1847 - March 1, 1912) was an English actor and comic writer, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... John Handford Ryley, (c. ... Walter Passmore (May 10, 1867 â€“ August 29, 1946) was a singer and actor best known as a successor to George Grossmith in the comic baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Charles H. Workman (May 5, 1873 â€“ May 1, 1923) was a singer and actor best known as a successor to George Grossmith in the comic baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas. ... Charles H. Workman (May 5, 1873 â€“ May 1, 1923) was a singer and actor best known as a successor to George Grossmith in the comic baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas. ... Rutland Barrington (January 15, 1853 - May 31, 1922) was an English actor, comedian, and musical comedy star, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... Rutland Barrington (January 15, 1853 - May 31, 1922) was an English actor, comedian, and musical comedy star, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... Durward Lely (September 2, 1852 â€“ February 29, 1944) was a Scottish opera singer primarily known as the creator of tenor roles in Gilbert & Sullivans comic operas, including Nanki-Poo in The Mikado. ... Robert Evett was a theatre manager and producer. ... Leo Sheffield, (November 15, 1873 â€“ September 3, 1951) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Leo Sheffield, (November 15, 1873 â€“ September 3, 1951) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Richard Temple was an English opera singer, actor and stage director, best known for his work in the Gilbert & Sullivan comic operas. ... Sir Henry Lytton (born London, 3 January 1865, died London 15 August 1936) was the leading exponent of the patter roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas in the early part of the twentieth century. ... Sir Henry Lytton (born London, 3 January 1865, died London 15 August 1936) was the leading exponent of the patter roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas in the early part of the twentieth century. ... Sir Henry Lytton (born London, 3 January 1865, died London 15 August 1936) was the leading exponent of the patter roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas in the early part of the twentieth century. ... Alice Barnett (May 17, 1846 â€“ April 14, 1901) was an English singer and actress, best known for her performances in contralto roles of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Rosina Brandram (July 2, 1846 â€“ February 28, 1907) was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for her work in the Gilbert & Sullivan comic operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Jessie Bond (January 10, 1853â€“June 17, 1942) was an English singer and actress best known for creating most of the mezzo-soprano soubrette roles in the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas. ... A publicity photo of Louie Pounds that appeared in the Sketch, April 24, 1901, as part of an advertisement for The Emerald Isle. ... Leonora Braham Leonora Braham (February 3, 1853 â€“ November 23, 1931) was an English opera singer and actress primarily known as the creator of principal soprano roles in the Gilbert & Sullivan comic operas. ... Isabel Jay was born in Wandsworth, London, on October 17, 1879. ... Sir Henry Lytton (born London, 3 January 1865, died London 15 August 1936) was the leading exponent of the patter roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas in the early part of the twentieth century. ... Sir Henry Lytton (born London, 3 January 1865, died London 15 August 1936) was the leading exponent of the patter roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas in the early part of the twentieth century. ... Martyn Green (1899 - 1975) was an actor primarily known for his work in Gilbert & Sullivan operettas. ... Grahame Clifford (December 25, 1909? - 19??), was an English opera singer and actor primarily known for his work in the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Martyn Green (1899 - 1975) was an actor primarily known for his work in Gilbert & Sullivan operettas. ... Darrell Fancourt (March 8, 1886 â€“ August 29, 1953) was an English bass-baritone, known for his performances of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Darrell Fancourt (March 8, 1886 â€“ August 29, 1953) was an English bass-baritone, known for his performances of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Darrell Fancourt (March 8, 1886 â€“ August 29, 1953) was an English bass-baritone, known for his performances of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... John Dean (September 2, 1897 â€“ March 20, 1990) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in the tenor roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Leonard Osborn (1915 â€“ September 26, 1994) was an English opera singer, best known for his performances in the tenor roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Leo Sheffield, (November 15, 1873 â€“ September 3, 1951) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Leo Sheffield, (November 15, 1873 â€“ September 3, 1951) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Sydney Granville, (1880 â€“ December 27, 1959) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... L. Radley Rad Flynn (June 14, 1902 â€“ March 9, 1978) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in bass roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Leslie Rands (January 7, 1900â€“December 6, 1972) was an English opera singer, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Leslie Rands (January 7, 1900â€“December 6, 1972) was an English opera singer, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Alan Styler (1925 â€“ September 1, 1970) was an English opera singer, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Bertha Lewis (May 22, 1887 â€“ May 8, 1931) was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for her work as principal contralto in the Gilbert & Sullivan comic operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Bertha Lewis (May 22, 1887 â€“ May 8, 1931) was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for her work as principal contralto in the Gilbert & Sullivan comic operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Ella Halman, (July 18, 1906 â€“ March 20, 1995) was an English opera singer, best known for her performances in the contralto roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Ella Halman, (July 18, 1906 â€“ March 20, 1995) was an English opera singer, best known for her performances in the contralto roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Nellie Briercliffe (1889 â€“ December 12, 1966) was an English singer and actress, best known for her performances in the mezzo-soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Marjorie Eyre (1897 â€“ December 3, 1987) was an English opera singer, best known for her performances in the soprano and mezzo-soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Marjorie Eyre (1897 â€“ December 3, 1987) was an English opera singer, best known for her performances in the soprano and mezzo-soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Ann Drummond-Grant (1905 â€“ September 11, 1959) was an English singer and actress, best known for her performances in contralto roles of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Joyce Wright (born June 23, 1922) is an English singer and actress, best known for her performances in the mezzo-soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Helen P. Roberts (born November 12, 1975) is a Canadian greek mythology expert. ... Peter Pratt (March 21, 1923 – January 11, 1995) was a British actor and bass singer who started his career in the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas but later moved to radio and television work. ... John Reed is an English baritone singer and actor, known for his performances in the comic leads of the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. ... John Reed is an English baritone singer and actor, known for his performances in the comic leads of the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. ... Donald Adams (December 20, 1928 â€“ April 8, 1996) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in bass-baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Donald Adams (December 20, 1928 â€“ April 8, 1996) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in bass-baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... John Ayldon (born December 11, 1943) is an English opera singer, best known for his performances in bass-baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... John Ayldon (born December 11, 1943) is an English opera singer, best known for his performances in bass-baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Leonard Osborn (1915 â€“ September 26, 1994) was an English opera singer, best known for his performances in the tenor roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Alexander Meston Reid (March 21, 1945 â€“ October 31, 1993), better known as Meston Reid, was a Scottish opera singer, best known for his performances in tenor roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Kenneth Sandford, (June 28, 1924 â€“ September 19, 2004) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Kenneth Sandford, (June 28, 1924 â€“ September 19, 2004) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Kenneth Sandford, (June 28, 1924 â€“ September 19, 2004) was an English singer and actor, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Alan Styler (1925 â€“ September 1, 1970) was an English opera singer, best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Ann Drummond-Grant (1905 â€“ September 11, 1959) was an English singer and actress, best known for her performances in contralto roles of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Patricia Leonard, (born c. ... Joyce Wright (born June 23, 1922) is an English singer and actress, best known for her performances in the mezzo-soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... Patricia Leonard, (born c. ... Valerie Masterson (soprano) was born in Birkenhead and after studying at the Matthay School of Music in Liverpool and the Royal College of Music, she made her debut as Frasquita in Carmen in Salzburg in 1963. ...

Impact upon Chief Justice Rehnquist

William H. Rehnquist, then Chief Justice of the United States, was inspired to add four golden stripes to the sleeves of his judicial robes after seeing the costume of the Lord Chancellor in a production of Iolanthe. The current Chief Justice, John G. Roberts Jr., has not continued the practice. Rehnquist was a great Gilbert and Sullivan fan who once played the silent role of the Associate in Trial by Jury. William H. Rehnquist has served as the Chief Justice of the United States since 1986. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of... John G. Roberts Jr. ... Trial by Jury is a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in one act (the only single-act Savoy Opera). ...

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