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Encyclopedia > Ionic radius

Ionic radius is a concept for expressing the sizes of ions in ionic crystals. The ionic radius is estimated from the distance between cations and anions that are adjacent in ion crystals. It is assumed that the internuclear distance between two ions in the ionic structure is equal to the sum of the radius of those ions, though the ionic radius is not actually constant because it depends on the ionic valency, the coordination number, and the state of spin of the ion. Assuming the radius of 140 picometers for the ion of O2-, the average value of the radius of other ions was set from the distance between ions that were measured for many oxides and from the difference from the radius of O2-. Generally, the ionic radius of the negative ion becomes large and that of the positive ion becomes small compared with the former neutral atom. POOP Ionic radius also refers to the size of an atom after losing all valence electrons (the outer electron shell). An ionic crystal is a crystal consisting of ions bound together by their electrostatic attraction. ... A cation is an ion with positive charge. ... An anion is an ion with negative charge. ... In chemistry, the coordination number is the sum of the total number of neighbors of a central atom in a chemical compound and the number of lone pairs on it. ... In physics, spin refers to the angular momentum intrinsic to a body, as opposed to orbital angular momentum, which is generated by the motion of its center of mass about an external point. ...

Periodic Table of Elements Sorted by Ionic Radius
Ionic Radius Name Sym #
0.012 Å Hydrogen H 1
0.13 Å Nitrogen N 7
0.23 Å Boron B 5
0.35 Å Beryllium Be 4
0.37 Å Sulfur S 16
0.38 Å Phosphorus P 15
0.4 Å Silicon Si 14
0.46 Å Manganese Mn 25
0.5 Å Selenium Se 34
0.52 Å Uranium U 92
0.52 Å Chromium Cr 24
0.53 Å Germanium Ge 32
0.535 Å Aluminum Al 13
0.56 Å Rhenium Re 75
0.56 Å Technetium Tc 43
0.58 Å Arsenic As 33
0.59 Å Vanadium V 23
0.605 Å Titanium Ti 22
0.62 Å Tungsten W 74
0.62 Å Gallium Ga 31
0.625 Å Platinum Pt 78
0.625 Å Iridium Ir 77
0.63 Å Osmium Os 76
0.64 Å Tantalum Ta 73
0.645 Å Iron Fe 26
0.65 Å Molybdenum Mo 42
0.68 Å Rhodium Rh 45
0.68 Å Ruthenium Ru 44
0.69 Å Nickel Ni 28
0.69 Å Niobium Nb 41
0.69 Å Tin Sn 50
0.71 Å Hafnium Hf 72
0.72 Å Zirconium Zr 40
0.72 Å Magnesium Mg 12
0.73 Å Copper Cu 29
0.74 Å Zinc Zn 30
0.745 Å Cobalt Co 27
0.745 Å Scandium Sc 21
0.75 Å Neptunium Np 93
0.76 Å Lithium Li 3
0.76 Å Antimony Sb 51
0.78 Å Protactinium Pa 91
0.8 Å Indium In 49
0.848 Å Lutetium Lu 71
0.85 Å Gold Au 79
0.858 Å Ytterbium Yb 70
0.86 Å Palladium Pd 46
0.869 Å Thulium Tm 69
0.881 Å Erbium Er 68
0.887 Å Plutonium Pu 94
0.9 Å Yttrium Y 39
0.901 Å Holmium Ho 67
0.912 Å Dysprosium Dy 66
0.923 Å Terbium Tb 65
0.925 Å Einsteinium Es 99
0.934 Å Californium Cf 98
0.938 Å Gadolinium Gd 64
0.947 Å Europium Eu 63
0.949 Å Berkelium Bk 97
0.964 Å Samarium Sm 62
0.97 Å Curium Cm 96
0.97 Å Tellurium Te 52
0.97 Å Cadmium Cd 48
0.972 Å Thorium Th 90
0.979 Å Promethium Pm 61
0.982 Å Americium Am 95
0.99 Å Calcium Ca 20
0.995 Å Neodymium Nd 60
1.013 Å Praseodymium Pr 59
1.02 Å Mercury Hg 80
1.02 Å Sodium Na 11
1.03 Å Bismuth Bi 83
1.034 Å Cerium Ce 58
1.061 Å Lanthanum La 57
1.1 Å Nobelium No 102
1.119 Å Actinium Ac 89
1.12 Å Strontium Sr 38
1.19 Å Lead Pb 82
1.26 Å Silver Ag 47
1.33 Å Fluorine F 9
1.35 Å Barium Ba 56
1.38 Å Potassium K 19
1.4 Å Oxygen O 8
1.43 Å Radium Ra 88
1.5 Å Thallium Tl 81
1.52 Å Rubidium Rb 37
1.67 Å Cesium Cs 55
1.8 Å Francium Fr 87
1.81 Å Chlorine Cl 17
1.96 Å Bromine Br 35
2.2 Å Iodine I 53
2.3 Å Polonium Po 84

  Results from FactBites:
 
Ionic Coordination and Pauling's Rules (2124 words)
Ionic radius also increases with increasing coordination number, the electron cloud is drawn out by the presence of more surrounding ions.
The relative sizes are indicated by the radius ratio of the coordinating atoms or ions.
An ionic structure will be stable to the extent that the sum of the strengths of the electrostatic bonds that reach an ion equal the charge on that ion.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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