Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (Ио́сиф Самуи́лович Шкло́вский) (July 1, 1916 – March 3, 1985) was a Russian astronomer and astrophysicist. His last name is sometimes given as Shklovskii or Shklovskij, and his first name is sometimes given as Josif or Josef.

He specialized in theoretical astrophysics and radio astronomy, as well as the Sun's corona, supernovas, and cosmic rays and their origins.

He won the Lenin Prize in 1960.

He was a Corresponding Member of Soviet Academy of Sciences beginning in 1966.