Morning Glory Vine
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Subkingdom: Tracheobionta Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Subclass: Asteridae Order: Solanales Family: Convolvulaceae Genus: Ipomoea Species: I. violacea
Binomial name
Ipomoea violacea L.

Ipomoea violacea, sometimes known as the Morning Glory, is a species of morning glory that occurs throughout the tropics. Many people consider the morning glory an invasive weed due to its fast rate of growth and its prodigious seed production. However, the beauty of its flowers led horticulturalists to breed many new varieties, often with flowers showing striking patterns of bright colors, and bearing equally vivid names: Flying Saucers,Heavenly Blue, Pearly Gates and so on. These names proved eerily appropriate decades after they were invented, when the discovery of ergoline alkaloids in the seeds of the plant led to a rise in recreational use as a hallucinogen. In fact, the seeds had been similarly used for centuries by many Mexican cultures, and were known to the Aztecs as tlitliltzin, which is the Nahuatl word for "black" with a reverential suffix. In South America, the seeds are also known as badoh negro. Photograph of Ipomoea violacea, taken by me (rkundalini). ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum... Divisions Non-seed-bearing plants Equisetophyta Lycopodiophyta Psilotophyta Pteridophyta Superdivision Spermatophyta Pinophyta Cycadophyta Ginkgophyta Gnetophyta Magnoliophyta The vascular plants are those plants that have specialized cells for conducting water and sap within their tissues, including the flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, but not mosses, algae, and the like (nonvascular... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Asteridae is a botanical subclass of flowering plants in class Dicotyledon or Magnoliopsida. ... Families at least the following: Solanaceae Convolvulaceae and others, varying between classification systems; for details see text The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. ... Genera See text The Convolvulaceae, the bindweed or morning glory family, is a group of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous vines, but also trees, shrubs and herbs. ... Species I. batatas - Sweet potato I. violacea The genus Ipomoea, with over 500 species, is the largest genus of the family Convolvulaceae. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is a standard convention used for naming species. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné   listen?, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... Ipomoea indica in Baja California Morning glory is one of several climbing plants of the following species, all belonging to the Convolvulaceae: Calystegia stebbinsii (Stebbins morning glory) Convolvulus althaeoides Ipomoea arborescens (tree morning glory) Ipomoea purpurea (common morning glory or field bindweed) Ipomoea violacea (tlitliltzin) Naturally occurring in the United... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Chemical structure of ergoline Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structure serves as the skeleton for a diverse range of alkaloids and synthetic drugs. ... An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and other animals. ... Hallucinogenic drug - drugs that can alter sensory perceptions. ... Nahuatl is a native language of central Mexico. ...

The hallucinogenic properties of the seeds are usually attributed to ergine (also known as d-Lysergic acid amide, or LSA), although the validity of the attribution remains disputed. While ergine is listed as a Schedule III substance in the United States, parts of the plant itself are not controlled, and seeds and plants are still sold in virtually every nursery and garden supply store. Chemical structure of ergine Ergine, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, LSA, and LA-111, is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... The Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, is the legal foundation of the United States governments fight against the abuse of drugs and other substances. ...

The outer skin of the seeds contains cyanogenic glycosides, also found in the pits of most fruit, such as apples and apricots, as well as in the outer skin of the hallucinogenic seeds of the closely related Hawaiian baby woodrose. The ingestion of the cyanide compounds is the likely cause of nausea reported by those who have eaten the seeds, although some attribute the effect to commercial treatment of the seeds. A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the group C≡N, with the carbon atom triple bonded to the nitrogen atom. ... A glycoside is a molecule where a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to a nonsugar group by either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom. ... Pit can refer to the following things: Look up Pit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Any high walled depression in the ground. ... Species Malus domestica Malus sieversii The apple is a tree and its pomaceous fruit, of species Malus domestica in the family Rosaceae, and is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca The Apricot is a fruit bearing tree of the species Prunus armeniaca, in the same subgenus Prunus subgen. ... Binomial name Argyreia nervosa (Burm. ... Nausea (Greek Ναυτεία) is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit. ...

Their traditional use was first discovered in 1960, when Don Thomes MacDougall reported that the seeds of Ipomoea violacea were used as sacraments by certain Zapotecs, sometimes in conjunction with the seeds of Rivea corymbosa, another morning glory variety, which has a similar chemical composition, with ergometrine instead of lysergol. 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Zapotec refers to a native people of Mexico, their language family consisting of more than 15 languages, and their historic culture and traditions. ... Binomial name Rivea corymbosa (L.)Hallier f. ...

See also

• Ergolines
• LSA

Chemical structure of ergoline Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structure serves as the skeleton for a diverse range of alkaloids and synthetic drugs. ... LSA is an acronym standing for: Linguistic Society of America d-Lysergic acid amide Latent semantic analysis Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (Rare skin disease) Link-state advertisement This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

External links

• PLANTS database entry
• Erowid Morning Glory vault