Ira Samuel Einhorn
1979 mugshot and a 2001 mugshot taken upon his return to the U.S.
Born	May 15, 1940(1940-05-15) Philadelphia, PA, U.S.
Conviction(s)	murder
Penalty	life imprisonment
Status	in prison
Occupation	antiwar activist, environmentalist

Ira Samuel Einhorn, a.k.a. "The Unicorn Killer", (born May 15, 1940) was an American activist in the 1960s and 1970s who is now serving a life sentence for the murder of Holly Maddux in 1977. Image File history File links Ira_Einhorn. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article refers to the largest city of Pennsylvania. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime, nominally for the entire remaining life of the prisoner, but in fact for a period which varies between jurisdictions: many countries have a maximum possible period of time (usually 50 years) a prisoner may be incarcerated, or require the... Anti war protest in Melbourne, Australia, 2003 Anti-war is a term that is widely adopted by any social movement or person that seeks to end or oppose a future or current war. ... Bold textHello ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ...

Einhorn was active in ecological and antiwar groups in the 1960s. At one time, he was a friend and contemporary of Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. He also claimed to have been instrumental in creating Earth Day in 1970, and participated in the Earth Day rally in Philadelphia that year, although other event organizers dispute his account. He was known to some of his friends as "the Unicorn" (Einhorn is the German word for unicorn). The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Jerry Rubin (July 14, 1938 – November 28, 1994) was a high-profile American social activist during the 1960s and 1970s. ... Abbott Howard Abbie Hoffman (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was a self-identified communo-anarchist,[1] social and political activist in the United States, co-founder of the Youth International Party (Yippies), and later, a fugitive from the law, who lived under an alias following a conviction for dealing... Earth Day Flag. ... The gentle and pensive maiden has the power to tame the unicorn, in this fresco in Palazzo Farnese, Rome, probably by Domenichino, ca 1602 For other uses, see Unicorn (disambiguation). ...

Born into a middle-class Jewish family, Einhorn studied in Pennsylvania and had a five-year relationship with Holly Maddux, who was from Tyler, Texas and graduated from Bryn Mawr College in suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1977, Maddux broke up with Einhorn. She went to New York City and became involved with Saul Lapidus. When Einhorn found out about this, he angrily called Maddux to come back to Philadelphia to retrieve her belongings, which she never returned from and died on September 9. Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Tyler is the county seat of Smith County in East Texas, United States. ... “Bryn Mawr” redirects here. ... Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love endure Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: , Country Commonwealth County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government  - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area  - City 369. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

She was never seen in public again. When questioned, Einhorn stated to police that she left to make a telephone call and never came back. His alibi began to crack, however, when neighbors began to complain about a foul odor coming from his Powelton Village apartment. Eighteen months later, Maddux's decomposing corpse was found by police in a trunk stored in a closet in Einhorn's apartment. Einhorn's bail was set at $40,000 at the request of his attorney, Arlen Specter; Einhorn was released from custody in advance of his trial by paying 10% of the bond's value, or $4,000. This bail was paid, not by Einhorn, but by Barbara Bronfman, a Montreal socialite and a member of the family that owns the Seagram liquor company. Houses in Powelton Village Powelton Village is neighborhood in the West Philadelphia district of the United States city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... “Spoilage” redirects here. ... Arlen J. Specter (born February 12, 1930) is a United States Senator from Pennsylvania. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... The Seagram Company Ltd. ...

In 1981, just days before his murder trial was to begin, Einhorn skipped bail and escaped to Europe. Einhorn traveled in Europe for the next 16 years, along the way marrying a Swedish woman named Annika Flodin. Back in Pennsylvania, as Einhorn had already been arraigned, the state convicted him in absentia in 1993 for the murder of Maddux. Einhorn was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The word bail as a legal term means: Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that persons appearance for trial. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Arraignment is a common law term for the formal reading of a criminal complaint, in the presence of the defendant, to inform him of the charges against him. ... For in absentia medical care, see Health care delivery. ...

Extradition

In 1997, Einhorn was tracked down and arrested in Champagne-Mouton, France, where he had been living under the name "Eugene Mallon." The extradition process, however, proved more complex than it was initially envisioned, and contrasted the different interpretations that France and the U.S. have of the concept of the "right to a fair trial". Under the extradition treaty between France and the United States, either country may refuse extradition if it finds that the defendant may not get a fair trial. Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal. ... The Right to a fair trial is an essential right in all countries respecting the rule of law. ...

Einhorn's defense (among whom were the Human Rights League, LDH) argued that Einhorn would face the death penalty if returned to the U.S. France, having abolished the death penalty, does not extradite defendants without assurance that the death penalty will not be sought and will not be applied, but Pennsylvania authorities pointed out that at the date of the murder, Pennsylvania did not have the death penalty. A second issue soon arose: French law and the European Court of Human Rights require a new trial when the defendant was tried in absentia, hence was unable to present his defense. On this basis, the court of appeals of Bordeaux rejected the extradition request. The Ligue des droits de lhomme (LDH, Human Rights League) is a French NGO founded on June 4, 1898, by the republican Ludovic Trarieux to defend captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew wrongly accused of treason - this would be known as the Dreyfus Affair. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The court's decision infuriated many in the U.S., where it was ascribed by some as political posturing from France's government, even though the decision was taken by an independent court. Thirty-five members of Congress sent a letter to President Jacques Chirac of France, asking for Einhorn's extradition (under France's doctrine of separation of powers, however, the President cannot give orders to courts and does not intervene in extradition affairs). “Chirac” redirects here. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Separation of powers, a term faget from bob French political Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu[1][2], is a model for the governance of democratic states. ...

As a consequence of this refusal, in order to secure the extradition of Ira Einhorn, the Pennsylvania legislature passed in 1998 a bill (nicknamed the "Einhorn Law") allowing defendants convicted in absentia to request another trial. The bill was, however, criticized as being unconstitutional (as it was argued that the legislature cannot overrule a final judgment handed down by a court), and Einhorn's attorneys tried to use this to get French courts to deny the extradition again, on the grounds that the law would be inapplicable. However, the French court ruled itself incompetent to evaluate the constitutionality of foreign laws. Another point of friction with the U.S. was that the court freed Ira Einhorn under police supervision — French laws put restrictions on remand (the imprisonment of suspects awaiting trial). Einhorn was then the focus of intense surveillance by the French police. A prisoner who is denied, refused or unable to meet the conditions of bail, or who is unable to post bail, may be held in a prison on remand until their criminal trial. ...

The matter then went before Prime Minister Lionel Jospin, since extraditions, after having been approved by courts, must be ordered by the executive. Meanwhile, Einhorn's supporters alleged that he had been unfairly treated by American criminal justice and that he would not receive a fair trial. The French Green Party, in particular, complained that Einhorn should not have been extradited until the issues concerning his case were fully settled.^[1] In some respects, the debate took on a political character, with discussion going beyond the particular case of Einhorn and widening into criticism of American justice and its perceived unfairness for some categories of defendants;^{[attribution needed]} there were also concerns that the case against Einhorn was politically motivated. Because of the sensitive nature of the case, Jospin took some time to reach a decision, but eventually issued an extradition decree. Jospin was then criticized by some as having caved in to political pressure from U.S. President Bill Clinton. Einhorn litigated against the decree before the Conseil d'État, which ruled against him. He then attempted to slit his throat, and eventually litigated his case before the European Court of Human Rights, which also ruled against him. The Prime Minister of France (Premier ministre de la France) is the functional head of the Cabinet of France. ... Lionel Robert Jospin (born July 12, 1937 in Meudon, a suburb of Paris) is a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997-2002. ... Les verts (the Greens) is one Green Party of France. ... Decree is an order that has the force of law. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... In France, the Conseil dÉtat (English: Council of State and sometimes Counsel of State) is an organ of the French national government. ... European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by...

On July 20, 2001, Einhorn was extradited to the United States after French authorities were promised that he would receive another trial and would not face the death penalty under any circumstances. is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ...

Trial and penalty

Taking the stand in his own defense, Einhorn claimed that Maddux was murdered by CIA agents who attempted to frame Einhorn for the crime, due to Einhorn's investigations on the Cold War and "psychotronics." However, after only two hours of deliberation, the jury did not find his testimony credible and affirmed his conviction on October 17, 2002. The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Einhorn is currently incarcerated in the state prison at Houtzdale in central Pennsylvania. Houtzdale is a borough in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, United States. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ...

In popular culture

• Einhorn and his crime were the topic of a made-for-TV film in 1999. Entitled The Hunt for the Unicorn Killer, it featured Naomi Watts as Holly Maddux and Kevin Anderson as Einhorn.
• The 13th-season Law & Order episode, "Absentia", was based on this case with Mandy Patinkin appearing as former Levi March, alias "The Griffin."
• In the 5th-season South Park episode, "Terrance and Phillip: Behind the Blow", a machete-wielding Earth Day activist chops off Kenny's arms and legs. This has been acknowledged as a reference to Einhorn by South Park co-creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker.
• Einhorn's case was featured on the television series Unsolved Mysteries.

A television movie (also known as a TV film, TV movie, TV-movie, feature-length drama, made-for-TV movie, movie of the week (MOTW or MOW), single drama, telemovie, telefilm, or two-hour-long drama) is a film that is produced for and originally distributed by a television network. ... “Moving picture” redirects here. ... The Hunt for the Unicorn Killer is a thriller/drama film released in 1999 which was an account of social activist Ira Einhorn, the film starred Naomi Watts. ... Naomi Ellen Watts (born September 28, 1968) is a British-Australian actress known for her roles in Mulholland Dr., the film remakes of The Ring and King Kong, as well as her Academy Award-nominated role in the film 21 Grams. ... Kevin Anderson (born January 13, 1960 in Gurnee, Illinois) is an American actor. ... Law & Order is a long-running American television police procedural and legal drama set in New York City. ... Mandel Bruce Patinkin (born November 30, 1952) is an American actor of stage and screen, as well as a renowned tenor. ... This article is about the TV series. ... Matthew Richard Stone (born May 26, 1971) is an Emmy-winning American animator, film director, screenwriter, actor and voice actor. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This article contains a trivia section. ...

References

1. ^ http://www.les-verts.org/article.php3?id_article=224

Further reading

• Ira Einhorn, 78-187880 (1972) ISBN 0-385-06387-3 Its title is its Library of Congress number.
• Ira Einhorn, Prelude to Intimacy, August 2005, "is Ira Einhorn's account of his life underground from the time he fled the United States in early January of 1981 until he met his Swedish wife, Annika, in November of 1987." ISBN 1-4116-4911-7.
• Steven Levy, The Unicorn's Secret: Murder in the Age of Aquarius, 1988 ISBN 0-13-937830-8 This book was published while Einhorn's whereabouts were unknown.
• Russ Baker on Ira Einhorn's French Odyssey in the Philadelphia Inquirer's Sunday Magazine[1]
• Russ Baker's visit with Einhorn in France, for Esquire: [2]

Steven Levy Steven Levy (born 1951) is an American journalist who has written several books on computers, technology, cryptography, the Internet, cybersecurity, and privacy. ...

External links

• Excerpt from Larry King Live about Einhorn's attempts at denying extradition
• Timeline
• http://www.crimelibrary.com/classics/einhorn/

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