Iranian (Persian) student protests of July, 1999 (known as "18th Tir" [Hejdah-e Tir] in Persia) were among the most violent protests in Iran after the early years of the Islamic Republic. An expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of knowledge, technique, or skill whose judgment is accorded authority and status by the public or their peers. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... An Islamic republic in its modern context has come to mean several things. ...

The protests began on July 9, 1999 (18th Tir of year 1378 in Persian Calendar), after a demonstration against the closure of the Persian-language newspaper Salaam Protests moved further to the student dormitories of University of Tehran during the night which was suppressed badly by the plain cloth Basij and Ansar Al-Hezballah Militant groups. Several hardliners and the police officer chased the students to the dormitories, inflicting heavy damages on both the rooms and the demonstrators. Street riots followed for almost a week, resulting in several arrests and injuries, and at least one confirmed fatal shooting resulted in death of Ezzat Ebrahim Nejad. However, major students' movements and foreign media claimed more than 17 dead during the week of violent protest. Major Iranian cities such as Tabriz, Mashad, Shiraz and Esfehan were scenes of violence and protests as well. July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Salaam (Arabic: سلام) is an Arabic word that literally means peace. ... It has been suggested that The centeral Pardis be merged into this article or section. ...

After the incident, the 18th of Tir protests have become a symbol of violent struggle against the clerical establishment of Iran.

External links

• BBC News' Iran student protests: Five years on
• Vice President Mohammad Ali Abtahi's diary of July 9, 1999 (in Persian)
• an interview from "Radio International" with Mansoor Hekmat,Iranian communist leader with the title of "Mass movement to overthrow the regime is starting" (in Persian)

The protests counitnued at Tabriz University in july 11,1999 (20th Tir)and police and hardliners did the same to the students of Tabriz universities and schools. They entered in the university,(in IRAN it is illegal for militery forces to enter in universities),and they harmed students brutally and at least 2 students killed and some were badly injured or arrested.

• an Interview from "Radio Hambastegi,Sweden" with Mansoor Hekmat,Iranian Communist leader on the Summber of 1999 events in Iran (sound document)