Iraq

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Iraq Image File history File links Republic_of_Iraq_COA.svg‎ Summary This vector image was created by converting the eps file available at brandsoftheworld. ... Politics of Iraq includes the social relations involving authority or power in Iraq. ...

Ratified constitution Iraqi Transitional Government Presidency Council President (Jalal Talabani) Council of Ministers Prime Minister (Nouri al-Maliki) Government 2006-2010 National Assembly Political parties Elections Electoral Commission Legislative: Jan 2005 Dec 2005 Ratification vote Governorates Regions of Iraq Foreign relations Human rights Minority politics Foreign aid

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The Iraqi Interim matt chokes on cock Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the Iraqi Transitional Government was installed following the Iraqi National Assembly election conducted on January 30th, 2005. The Iraqi Interim Government itself took the place of the Coalition Provisional Authority (and the Iraq Interim Governing Council) on June 28, 2004, and was replaced by the Iraqi Transitional Government on May 3, 2005. The current constitution of Iraq was approved by an October 15, 2005 ratification vote. ... This article needs to be updated. ... The Presidency Council of Iraq, under the Transitional Administrative Law, serves collectively as the head of state. ... The President of Iraq is Iraqs head of state. ... Jalal Talabani (in Kurdish:ﺟﻪﻻﻝ ﺗﺎﻟﻪﺑﺎﻧﻰ /Celal Talebanî/Jelal Talebaní )(in Arabic: جلال طالباني: jalâl tâlabânî) (born 1933), Iraqi politician, was named President of Iraq on April 6, 2005 and once again on April 22, 2006 by the Iraqi National Assembly. ... The Council of Ministers of Iraq is the executive branch of the (now transitional) government of Iraq. ... Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ... Nouri al-Maliki Nouri Kamel al-Maliki (Arabic: نوري كامل المالكي, transliterated Nūrī Kāmil al-Mālikī; born c. ... The Iraqi National Assembly is the unicameral parliament of Iraq which meets in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. ... This article lists political parties in Iraq. ... Elections in Iraq gives information on election and election results in Iraq. ... The Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI) is Iraqs electoral commission. ... Iraqi police officers hold up their index fingers marked with purple indelible ink, a security measure to prevent double voting. ... Iraqis in the predominantly Sunni city of Husaybah, wait in lines to vote, during the national election, December 15. ... The electorate of Iraq went to the polls on 15 October 2005 to vote in a referendum on whether or not to ratify the proposed Iraqi constitution of 2005. ... Iraq is divided into 18 governorates or provinces (muhafazah): The current set of governorates were established in 1976. ... Regions of Iraq is a subdivision created by the constitution that was ratified in October 2005. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Human rights in post-Saddam Hussein Iraq have caused many concerns and controversies since the 2003 occupation. ... Assyrians, Mandeans, Yezidis, Turkmens (Turkomans), Gypsies, and Kurds have allegedly not enjoyed equal status throughout the eighty-five year history of Iraq. ... Foreign aid to Iraq has increased to handle reconstruction efforts. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Coalition of the Willing is a phrase that has been used by the administration of United States President George W. Bush to refer to the nations whose governments supported (most of them not militarily) the United States position in the Iraq disarmament crisis and later the 2003 invasion of Iraq... A caretaker is a term mainly used in the United Kingdom, meaning a concierge or janitor. ... This article needs to be updated. ... Legislative elections were held in Iraq on January 30, 2005. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Seal of the CPA in Iraq The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as a transitional government following the invasion of Iraq by the United States, United Kingdom and the other members of the multinational coalition which was formed to oust the government of Saddam Hussein in 2003. ... The Iraqi Governing Council. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Organization

It was recognized by the U.S., the United Nations, the Arab League and several other countries as being the sovereign government of Iraq (see Iraqi sovereignty for more information). The U.S. retained significant de facto power in the country and critics contend that the government existed only at the pleasure of the United States and other coalition countries, whose military forces still remain in Iraq. The coalition did promise that its troops would leave if the new sovereign government requested it, but no such request was made. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Flag of the League of Arab States The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states (compare Arab world). ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ... Iraqi sovereignty was interrupted by the multinational forces which overthrew Saddam Hussein in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

Interim Prime Minister Iyad Allawi.

Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Iyad Allawi Dr. Iyad Allawi (Arabic: ) (born 1945) is an Iraqi politician, and was the interim Prime Minister of Iraq prior to Iraqs 2005 legislative elections. ...

The Law and the Head of government

The government's head of government was Prime Minister Iyad Allawi and his deputy was the influential and charismatic Barham Salih. The ceremonial head of state was President Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer. They were all sworn in at a second and more public ceremony on June 28, 2004, shortly after the small private one at which L. Paul Bremer, the Coalition Provisional Authority's administrator, formally gave chief justice Midhat Mahmoud the legal documents instituting the hand-over. The head of government is the leader of the government or cabinet. ... Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ... Iyad Allawi Dr. Iyad Allawi (Arabic: ) (born 1945) is an Iraqi politician, and was the interim Prime Minister of Iraq prior to Iraqs 2005 legislative elections. ... Dr Barham Salih (born 1960) is a Western educated politician, he received a BSc in civil and structural engineering at Cardiff University and a MSc in statistics and computer modelling at Liverpool University. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The President of Iraq is Iraqs head of state. ... Ghazi al-Yawer Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (born 1958? in Mosul, Iraq) is a Vice-President of Iraq under the Iraqi Transitional Government of 2005, and was President of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004 to 2005. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bremer signs over limited sovereignty to Iraqs interim government, June 28, 2004 Lewis Paul Bremer III, known as Paul Bremer and Jerry among his friends (born September 30, 1941), was named Director of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for post-war Iraq following the Iraq War of 2003, replacing Jay...

Absent a permanent constitution, the new government operated under the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period. The Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period is the current Iraqi constitution signed on March 8, 2004 by the Iraq Interim Governing Council. ...

Allawi was a former member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council and was chosen by the council to be the Interim Prime Minister of Iraq to govern the country beginning with the United States' handover of sovereignty (June 28, 2004) until national elections, scheduled for early 2005. Although many believe the decision was reached largely on the advice of United Nations special envoy to Iraq, Lakhdar Brahimi, the New York Times reported that Brahimi only endorsed him reluctantly after pressure from U.S. officials, including Paul Bremer, the former US Iraqi Administrator. [1] Two weeks later, Brahimi announced his resignation, due to "great difficulties and frustration." [2]. Allawi is often described as a moderate Shia (a member of Iraq's majority faith) chosen for his secular background and ties to the United States. However, his image has been undermined with the media suggesting that Allawi was Washington's puppet (e.g. Newsweek:"Iraq's New S. O. B." [3], NYT: "Dance of the Marionettes" [4]). The Iraqi Governing Council. ... Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Lakhdar Brahimi (born January 1, 1934 in Algeria) is the United Nations special representative for Afghanistan and Iraq. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... L. Paul Bremer Lewis Paul Bremer III, also known as Jerry Bremer, (born September 30, 1941) was named Director of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for post-war Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq to replace Jay Garner on May 6, 2003. ... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ...

Actions of the Interim Government

After his interim government assumed legal custody of Saddam Hussein and re-introduced capital punishment, Allawi gave assurances that he would not interfere with the trial and would accept any court decisions. In an interview with Dubai-based TV station al-Arabiya he said: "As for the execution, that is for the court to decide — so long as a decision is reached impartially and fairly." [5] Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the State as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offenses. ... Coordinates: Emirate Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Area    - City 4,114 km² Population    - City (2006) 1,570,779  - Density 293. ... Al-Arabiya is an Arabic-language satellite news channel based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates which began broadcasting in February 2003, launched with an investment of $300 million from the Saudi-owned MBC, the Lebanese Hariri Group, and others. ...

A note from Condoleezza Rice to George W. Bush, who then wrote "Let Freedom Reign!" at the occasion of the handover of power to the interim government. The note featured prominently in the U.S. media. Some commentators find that the new government's rule contradicts the reign of freedom Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is the 66th and current United States Secretary of State, and the second in the administration of President George W. Bush. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American businessman and politician, was elected in 2000 as the 43rd President of the United States of America, re-elected in 2004, and is currently serving his second term in that office. ...

"Precedents" and accusations

In early July, Allawi issued an unprecedented statement claiming that the Iraqi interim government had provided intelligence for the U.S. air strikers with 500 and 1000 pound (220 and 450 kg) bombs on Fallujah in July. [6] Later he announced new security measures, including the right to impose martial law and curfews, as well as a new counter-terrorist intelligence unit, the General Security Directorate [7]. Mr Allawi vowed to crush the Iraqi insurgency, saying he would "annihilate those terrorist groups" [8]. Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a military authority takes control of the normal administration of justice. ... A curfew can be one of the following: An order by the government for certain persons to return home before a certain time. ... Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... The General Security Directorate (Mudiriyat al-Amn al-Amma) is a domestic intelligence service of Iraq. ...

On July 17, two Australian newspapers, the Sydney Morning Herald [9], [10] and The Age [11], published an article alleging that one week before the handover of sovereignty, Allawi himself summarily executed six suspected insurgents at a Baghdad police station. The allegations are backed up by two independent sources [12] and the execution is said to have taken place in presence of about a dozen Iraqi police, four American security men and Interior Minister Falah al-Naqib. Mr Allawi reportedly said that the execution was to "send a clear message to the police on how to deal with insurgents." Both Allawi's office and Naqib have denied the report. US ambassador John Negroponte did not clearly deny the allegations. On 18. July, Iraqi militants offered a $285,000 reward for anyone who could kill Iyad Allawi. [13] July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Age is a broadsheet daily newspaper, which has been published in Melbourne, Australia since 1854. ... John Negroponte John Dimitri Negroponte (born July 21, 1939) (IPA ) is a career diplomat currently serving as United States Director of National Intelligence. ...

Allawi's policies

In August, Allawi closed the Iraqi office of al Jazeera for thirty days. His minister Hoshiyar Zebari deplored the "one-sided and biased coverage" and declared that the interim government "will not allow some people to hide behind the slogan of freedom of the press and media." Allawi also appointed ex-Baathist and former Saddam intelligence officer Ibrahim Janabi as the head of the Higher Media Commission, a regulator of Iraq's media.[14] The banning of al-Jazeera was widely criticised in the Arab world and the West, for example by Reporters Sans Frontières who called it "a serious blow to press freedom" [15], [16], but more welcome in Washington, where al-Jazeera is thoroughly disliked. Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... Hoshyar Zebari (born 1953) is the current Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs, part of the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003. ... Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, or RSF) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to freedom of the press. ...

The negotiations that followed the fighting between Muqtada al-Sadr's militia and joint US/Iraqi forces in Najaf ended when Allawi withdrew his emissary Mouwaffaq al-Rubaie on 14 August. An al-Sadr spokesman alleged that they "had agreed with Rubaie on all points but Allawi called him back and he ended the issue." [17] Muqtada Al-Sadr (Arabic: مقتدى الصدر, also transliterated as Moqtada As-sadr) (born August 12, 1973 (Rajab 14, 1393 A.H. in the Islamic calendar) is the fourth son of the famous Iraqi Shia cleric, Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr and son-in-law of Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir As... Members parade in Sadr City The Mahdi Army, also known as the Mahdi Militia, Mehdi Army or Jaish al Mahdi (Arabic جيش المهدي) , is a militia force created by the Iraqi Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr in June of 2003. ... Najaf (Arabic: ) is a city in Iraq, about 160 km south of Baghdad, located at 31. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ...

Criticism

Allawi has been heavily criticised by members of his own government. Justice minister Malik Dohan al-Hassan resigned over the issue of an arrest warrant of Ahmed Chalabi. Vice president Ibrahim al-Jafari commented on the attacks against al-Sadr: "War is the worst choice, and it is only used by a bad politician." Another Iraqi official said: "There are brush fires burning out of control all over the place from terrorists and insurgents, and he starts a new bonfire in Najaf." [18] Ahmed Chalabi Ahmed Abdel Hadi Chalabi, Ph. ... Ibrahim al-Jaafari (b. ...

While the strategy of "eliminat[ing] Moqtada Sadr's political movement" by "crushing his military power" instead of integrating him into the political process received mostly praise in the West [19], the Arab press leveled harsh criticism of Allawi's handling of the Najaf situation.[20]

Members of the Interim Government

As appointed on 2004-06-28: 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ...

• President: Ghazi Yawer
• Prime Minister: Iyad Allawi
• Vice-President: Ibrahim Jaafari
• Vice-President: Rowsch Shaways
• Deputy Prime Minister for National Security: Barham Salih
• Foreign Minister: Hoshyar Zebari
• Finance Minister: Adel Abdul Mahdi
• Defense Minister: Hazem Shalan al-Khuzaei
• Interior Minister: Falah Hassan al-Naqib
• Minister of Oil: Thamir Ghadbhan
• Minister of Justice: Malik Dohan al-Hassan
• Minister of Human Rights: Bakhityar Amin
• Minister of Electricity: Ayham al-Samarie
• Minister of Health: Alaa Abdessaheb al-Alwan
• Minister of Communication: Mohammed Ali Hakim
• Minister of Housing: Omar Farouk
• Minister of Public Works: Nesreen Mustafa Berwari
• Minister of Science and Technology: Rashad Mandan Omar
• Minister of Planning: Mahdi al-Hafez
• Minister of Trade: Mohammed al-Joubri
• Minister of Sport and Youth: Ali Faik al-Ghaban
• Minister of Transportation: Louei Hatim Sultan al-Aris
• Minister of Provincial Affairs: Wael Abdel-Latif
• Minister of Women's Affairs: Narmin Othman
• Minister of Immigration and Refugees: Pascal Esho Warda
• Minister of Irrigation: Latif Rashid
• Minister of Labor: Leila Abdul-Latif
• Minister of Education: Sami Mudahfar
• Minister of Higher Education: Tahir al-Bakaa
• Minister of Agriculture: Sawsan Sherif
• Minister of Culture: Mufid Mohammad Jawad al-Jazairi
• Minister of Industry: Hajim al-Hassani
• Minister of State: Qassim Dawoud
• Minister of State: Mamu Farham Othman Pirali
• Minister of State: Adnan al-Janabi

Ghazi al-Yawer Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (born 1958? in Mosul, Iraq) is the interim President of Iraq. ... Iyad Allawi Dr. Iyad Allawi (Arabic: ) (born 1945) is an Iraqi politician, and was the interim Prime Minister of Iraq prior to Iraqs 2005 legislative elections. ... Ibrahim al-Jaafari Dr Ibrahim al-Eshaiker al-Jaafari (ابراهيم الاشيقر الجعفري) (born 1947) is the new Prime Minister of Iraq in the Iraqi Transitional Government following the elections of January 2005. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Dr Barham Salih (born 1960) is a Western educated politician, he received a BSc in civil and structural engineering at Cardiff University and a MSc in statistics and computer modelling at Liverpool University. ... Hoshyar Zebari (born 1953) is the current Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs, part of the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003. ... Adel Abdul Mahdi (Arabic: عادل عبد المهدى ) is one of the two current (February, 2006) Deputy Presidents of Iraq and a leading candidate for prime minister under the United Iraqi Alliance. ... Hazim al-Shaalan was Iraqs Defence Minister under the Iraqi Interim Government. ... Falah Hassan al-Naqib is an Iraqi politician and was the Minister of Interior under the Iraqi Interim Government. ... Ayham al-Samarie was Minister of Electricity in the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003 and in the Iraqi Interim Government. ... Alaa Abdessaheb al-Alwan (b. ... Nisrin Mustafa Sidiq Barwari (born 1967) is the current Iraqi Minister for Municipalities and Public Works, and a member of the Transitional National Assembly elected on January 30, 2005. ... Rashad Mandan Omar is the current Iraqi Minister of Technology, part of the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003. ... Mahdi al-Hafez was Minister of Planning in the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003 and in the Iraqi Interim Government. ... Wael Abdul Latif was the Minister of Provincial Affairs in the Iraqi Interim Government created following the United Statess 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... Narmin Othman (Arabic: نيرمين عثمان; Kurdish (Latin script): Nermîn Osman) is the Iraqi Minister for the Environment in the government of Nouri al-Maliki, a post she also held in the Iraqi Transitional Government. ... Pascal Esho Warda was the Minister of Immigration and Refugees in the Iraqi Interim Government. ... Latif Rashid is the current Iraqi Minister of Irrigation, part of the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003 and of the Iraqi Interim Government. ... Mufid Mohammad Jawad al-Jazairi (b. ... Hajim al-Hassani (born 1954, Kirkuk) is the speaker of the Iraqi National Assembly under the Iraqi Transitional Government. ... Qassim Abbas Daoud (born April 13, 1949) is an Iraqi scientist and politician. ... Adnan Abd al-Munim al-Janabi (Arabic: عدنان عبد المنعم الجنابي) is an Iraqi economist and politician. ...

References

• BBC News (2004). Interim Iraqi government. Retrieved on 2006-02-24.

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

See also

• Iraq Interim Governing Council
• Iraq Transitional Government
• Iraq

The Iraqi Governing Council. ... The Iraqi Transitional Government replaced the Iraqi Interim Government of 2004. ...

External links

• Official Homepage of the Iraqi Interim Government
• Iraq Assembly Off to a Faltering Start (One World, Aug 15)
• middleeastreference.org.uk: Members of the Iraqi Cabinet
• Iraq: The interim government leaders (Council on Foreign Relations)