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Encyclopedia > Irish Land League
The Irish painter Henry Jones Thaddeus enlisted the conscience of the propertied classes with the sentimental realism of La retour du bracconier (The Wounded Poacher), exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1881, at the height of the Irish Land War
Enlarge
The Irish painter Henry Jones Thaddeus enlisted the conscience of the propertied classes with the sentimental realism of La retour du bracconier (The Wounded Poacher), exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1881, at the height of the Irish Land War

The Irish Land League was an Irish political organization of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish "landlordism" in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. Image File history File links La retour du bracconier (The Wounded Poacher) Henry Jones Thaddeus Oil on canvas National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links La retour du bracconier (The Wounded Poacher) Henry Jones Thaddeus Oil on canvas National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... La retour du bracconier (The Wounded Poacher), 1881 - Oil on canvas - reappeared in the 1984 Irish Impressionists exhibition and was purchased by the National Gallery of Ireland Henry Jones Thaddeus (1859-1929) was a realist and portrait painter born and trained in County Cork, Ireland. ... Honoré Daumier satirized the bourgeoises scandalized by the Salons Venuses, 1864 The Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris) is the official art exhibition of the Académie des beaux-arts in Paris, France. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... A tenant farmer is one who resides on and farms land owned by a [[landlord{{I // Headline text Headline text Headline text Headline text History of the United States (1865-1918) Categories: Agriculture stubs ... Absentee landlord is an economic term for a person who owns and rents out a profit-earning property, but does not live within the propertys local economic region. ...


On April 20, 1879 the first of many "monster meetings" of tenant farmers was held near Claremorris, County Mayo, with an estimated turnout of 15,000 to 20,000 people. Following this a number of local land league organisations were setup to work against the excessive rents being demanded by landlords all over Ireland, but especially in Mayo and surrounding counties 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Claremorris (Irish: Clár Clainne Mhuiris) is a town in County Mayo, Republic of Ireland with a population of around 2,500. ... County Mayo (Irish: Contae Mhaigh Eo, the plain of the yews) is a county on the west coast of Ireland. ...


The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Dublin, on 21st October, 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. A.J. Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Ireland (and the island of Ireland), located near the midpoint of Irelands east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. ... (Redirected from 21st October) October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Stewart Parnell (June 27, 1846 – October 6, 1891) was an Irish political leader and one of the most important figures in 19th century Ireland and the United Kingdom; William Ewart Gladstone thought him the most remarkable person he had ever met. ... Michael Davitt c. ...


The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were:

Irish land League posterdating from the 1880s
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Irish land League poster
dating from the 1880s

...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. Image File history File links 1880s poster of the Irish Land League File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links 1880s poster of the Irish Land League File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...


That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. The Irish Question British Prime Minister William Gladstone had taken up the Irish Question in part to win the general election of 1868 by uniting the Liberal Party behind this single issue. ...

Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. The League was created just before the Land War of 1880-1882 in which there was widespread upheaval. The League would decide on a fair rent and then encourage its members to offer this rent to the landlords. If this were refused, then the rent would be paid to the League and the landlord would not receive any money until he saw the light. John Dillon (September 4, 1851 - August 4, 1927) was an Irish nationalist politician. ... ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Michael DavittFounder of the Land League
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Michael Davitt
Founder of the Land League

The first target was a member of the Catholic Church hierarchy, Canon Ulick Burke, who eventually reduced his rents by 25%. Many landlords resisted these tactics violently and there were deaths on either side of the dispute. The Royal Irish Constabulary, though largely made up of Irishmen, took the landlord's side. Originally, the movement cut across sectarian boundaries, with many meetings being held in Orange halls in Ulster, but this ended as the landed gentry extended their influence within the Orange Order. Image File history File links 1880s image of Michael Davitt. ... Image File history File links 1880s image of Michael Davitt. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) was one of Irelands two police forces in the early twentieth century, alongside the Dublin Metropolitan Police. ... Sectarianism refers (usually pejoratively) to a rigid adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination. ... Ulster (Irish: Cúige Uladh, IPA: ) forms one of the four provinces of Ireland. ... The Orange Order is a Protestant fraternal organisation largely based in the province of Northern Ireland and in western Scotland but which has a worldwide membership. ...


Within a few short decades of the league's founding however, through the struggles of men like William O'Brien achieving the Wyndham Land Purchase Act of 1903 and through its implementation by such land and labour activists as D.D. Sheehan M.P.'s together with the Irish Land and Labour Association, the vast majority of Irish land and housing was, after the final passing of the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906 and Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, in the hands of small farmers, not large landowners. William OBrien (2 October 1852–25 February 1928) was an Irish journalist, writer and politician, particularly associated with campaigns for land reform in Ireland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... The City of Wyndham is a Local Government Area in Victoria, Australia. ... Daniel Desmond Sheehan, usually known as D.D. Sheehan (28 May 1873 – 28 November 1948) was an Irish journalist, labour leader, barrister, and author. ... The Irish Land and Labour Association (ILLA) was a progressive movement founded in the early 1890s in Munster, to organise and pursue political agitation for small tenant farmer’s and rural labourer’s rights. ...


References

  • The Life of Michael Davitt and the Secret History of The Land League by D.B. Cashman and Michael Davitt. (1881)
  • The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland by Michael Davitt ISBN 1591070317

See also

www.thelandleague.org for a real taste of Michael Davitt and his legacy today.

  • Highland Land League

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