NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Irish people

The Irish people (Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European ethnic group who originate in Ireland, in north western Europe. People of Irish ethnicity outside of Ireland are common in many western countries, particularly in English-speaking countries. The largest number of people of Irish descent live in the United States -- about ten times more than in Ireland itself. Shelta (also known as Gammen, Sheldru, Pavee, or simply the Cant) is a language spoken by parts of the Irish Traveller people that is often used to conceal the meaning from those outside the group. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... Presbyterianism is a Christian denomination following Jesus which is most prevalent within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity. ... This box: Anglicanism most commonly refers to the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Communion, a world-wide affiliation of Christian Churches, most of which have historical connections with the Church of England. ... For other uses, see Methodism (disambiguation). ... The Bretons are a distinct celtic ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France. ... The Cornish people are a British ethnic group originating in Cornwall. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the Scottish as an ethnic group. ... Ulster-Scots is a term mainly used in Ireland and Britain (Scotch-Irish or Scots-Irishis commonly used in North America) primarily to refer to Presbyterian Scots, or their descendents, who migrated from the Scottish Lowlands to Ulster (the northern province of Ireland), largely across the 17th century. ... The Welsh are, according to Hastings (1997), an ethnic group and nation associated with Wales and the Welsh language, which is a Celtic language. ... Language(s) Basque - few monoglots Spanish - 1,525,000 monoglots French - 150,000 monoglots Basque-Spanish - 600,000 speakers Basque-French - 76,000 speakers [4] other native languages Religion(s) Traditionally Roman Catholic The Basques (Basque: ) are an indigenous people[5] who inhabit parts of north-central Spain and southwestern... Western Europe is distinguished from Central Europe and Eastern Europe by differences of history and culture rather than by geography. ... Occident redirects here. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Descent

During the past 9,000 years of inhabitation, Ireland has witnessed many different peoples arrive on its shores. Legendary early arrivals included the Nemedians, the Fomorians, the Firbolgs, and the Tuatha Dé Danann, though with the exception of the Firbolgs, they are now treated as mythical rather than actual human incursions. Research into the prehistoric settlement of Great Britain and Ireland is controversial, with differences of opinion from many academic disciplines. ... In Irish mythology, Nemed (holy or priveleged) son of Agnoman of Scythia was the leader of the third group of inhabitants of Ireland. ... In Irish mythology, the Fomorians, Fomors, or Fomori (Irish FomÃ³iri, FomÃ³raig) were a semi-divine race who inhabited Ireland in ancient times. ... In Irish mythology and pseudohistory, the Fir Bolg (Fir Bholg, Firbolg, Irish men of Builg) were one of the races that inhabited Ireland before the coming of the Gaels. ... â€œÃes dÃ¡naâ€ redirects here. ...

The ancient peoples of Ireland—such as the creators of the Ceide Fields and Newgrange—are almost unknown. Neither their language(s?) nor terms they used to describe themselves have survived. As late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium AD the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Scotia, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, Hibernia and Scotia to the Romans, and Ierne to the Greeks. The CÃ©ide Fields is the name given to an area situated on the north Mayo coast in the west of Ireland. ... Newgrange, which is located at , is one of the passage tombs of the BrÃº na BÃ³inne complex in County Meath, and the most famous of all Irish prehistoric sites. ... In the Gregorian calendar, the 1st millennium is the period of one thousand years that commenced with the year 1 Anno Domini. ... AD redirects here. ... In Irish mythology, Banba, sometimes spelled Banbha, was the patron spirit of Ireland, wife of King MacCuill, and a goddess of war and fertility. ... Scotia was originally the Latin name for Ireland (also known to the Romans as Hibernia). ... In Irish mythology, FÃ³dla (later FÃ³dhla, FÃ³la), daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha DÃ© Danann, was one of the patron goddesses of Ireland. ... In Irish mythology, Ã‰riu (), daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha DÃ© Danann, was the eponymous patron goddess of Ireland. ... True colour image of Ireland, captured by a NASA satellite on 4 January 2003. ... Scotia was originally the Latin name for Ireland (also known to the Romans as Hibernia). ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...

Likewise, the terms for people from Ireland—all from Roman sources—in the late Roman era were varied. They included Attacotti, Scoti, and Gael. This last word, derived from the Welsh gwyddel (meaning raiders), was eventually adopted by the Irish for themselves. However, as a term it is on a par with Viking, as it describes an activity (raiding, piracy) and its proponents, not their actual ethnic affiliations. Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... The Roman Era is a period in Western history, when ancient Rome was the center of power of the world around the Mediterranean Sea, where Latin was the lingua franca. ... The name Attacotti (also Atecotti, A(t)ticotti, Ategutti) appears in several late Roman texts. ... Scoti or Scotti (Old Irish Scot, modern Scottish Gaelic Sgaothaich) was the generic name given by the Romans to Gaelic raiders from Ireland. ... Gael (Ancient people) : A Gael is a member of a distinct culture existing in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man whose language is one that is Gaelic. ... Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg) is the label attached to the Welsh language from the time it developed from the Brythonic language, generally thought to be in the period between the middle of the 6th century and the middle of the 7th century, until the early 12th century when it developed... For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ...

The term Irish and Ireland is derived from the Érainn, a people who once lived in what is now central and south Munster. Possibly their proximity to overseas trade with western Britain, Gaul and Hispania led to the name of this one people to be applied to the whole island and its inhabitants. The Iverni, later Ã‰rainn, were an ancient people of Ireland attested in Ptolemys 2nd century Geography. ... Statistics Area: 24,607. ... Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ...

A variety of historical ethnic groups have inhabited the island, including the Airgialla, Fir Ol nEchmacht, Delbhna, Fir Bolg, Érainn, Eóganachta, Mairtine, Conmaicne, Soghain and Ulaid. Airgialla (dervied from Irish orgialla meaning hostage of gold; also Airgialla, Uriel, Orial, Orgialla, Orgiall, Oryallia, Ergallia) was an ancient Irish kingdom. ... Fir Ol nEchmacht was the name of a group or race of people living in pre-historic Ireland. ... The Delbhna were a race of Ireland. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... The Iverni, later Ã‰rainn, were an ancient people of Ireland attested in Ptolemys 2nd century Geography. ... The EÃ³ganachta (or Eoghanachta), by tradition founded by EÃ³gan, king of Munster, was an Irish dynasty centred around Cashel which dominated southern Ireland from the 5th to the 16th century. ... The Conmaicne or Conmhaicne (descendants of Con Mhac) were an ancient tribal grouping that were divided into a number of distinct branches that were found scattered around Ireland in the early medieval period. ... The Soghain were a people of ancient Ireland. ... The Ulaid, also known as the Ulaidh and the Ulad, are a people of Early Ireland who gave their name to the Irish Province of Ulster. ...

One legend states that the Irish were descended from Míl Espáine (coined Milesius, from Latin "Miles Hispaniae", meaning "Soldier of Hispania"). The character is almost certainly a mere personification of a supposed migration by a group or groups from Hispania to Ireland, but it is supported by the fact that the Celtiberian language is more closely related to insular Celtic than to any other. This legend is the source of the term "Milesian" in reference to the Irish. If this invasion was as large as the mythology would suggest, it would account for the genetic similarity of the Northern Iberian populations and the Irish. In Irish mythology MÃl EspÃ¡ine (Latin Miles Hispaniae, Soldier of Hispania, that is Iberia or modern Spain and Portugal) is the ancestor of the final inhabitants of Ireland, the sons of MÃl or Milesians, who represent the Goidelic Celts. ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... Celtiberian (also Hispano-Celtic) is an extinct Celtic language spoken by the Celtiberians in northern Spain before and during the Roman Empire. ... The Insular Celtic hypothesis concerns the origin of the Celtic languages. ... In Irish mythology the Milesians or Sons of Míl Espáine were the final inhabitants of Ireland, representing the Goidelic Celts. ...

It is thought that the Basque Country and neighbouring regions served as a refuge for palaeolithic humans during the last major glaciation when environments further north were too cold and dry for continuous habitation. When the climate warmed into the present interglacial, populations would have rapidly spread north along the west European coast. Genetically, in terms of Y-chromosomes and Mt-DNA, inhabitants of Britain and Ireland are closely related to the Basques,^[11][10] reflecting their common origin in this refugial area. Basques, along with Irish, show the highest frequency of the Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup R1b in Western Europe; some 95% of native Basque men have this haplogroup. The rest is mainly I and a minimal presense of E3b.^[11] The Y-chromosome and MtDNA relationship between Basques and people of Ireland and Wales is of equal ratios than to neighbouring areas of Spain, where similar ethnically "Spanish" people now live in close proximity to the Basques, although this genetic relationship is also very strong among Basques and other Spaniards. In fact, as Stephen Oppenheimer has stated in The Origins of the British (2006), although Basques have been more isolated than other Iberians, they are a population representative of south western Europe. As to the genetic relationship among Basques, Iberians and Britons, he also states (pages 375 and 378): Distribution of R1a (purple) and R1b (red) In human genetics, Haplogroup R1b (M343) (previously called Hg1 and Eu18) is the most frequent Y-chromosome haplogroup in Western Europe. ... A current understanding of Western Europe. ... In human genetics, Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. ... In human genetics, Haplogroup E3b (M35) (previously called Hg21) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup with a distribution spreading from Africa around the Mediterranean into Europe and the Middle East. ... The Y chromosome is one of the sex-determining chromosomes in humans and most other mammals (the other is the X chromosome). ... Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA which is not located in the nucleus of the cell but in the mitochondria. ...

Brian Sykes, in his book based on genetics Blood of the Isles (2006) comes to similar conclusions. Some quotations from the book follow. (Note that Sykes uses the terms "Celts" and "Picts" to designate the pre-Roman inhabitants of the Isles rather than as linguistic terms.) Bryan Sykes is Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. ...

The Vikings founded many of the most important towns in Ireland, including Dublin and Cork (earlier native settlements on these sites did not approach the urban nature of the subsequent Norse trading ports), and a hybrid Irish-Norse trading jargon developed called 'Gic-goc.' The arrival of the Normans brought Welsh, Flemish, Normans, Anglo-Saxons and Bretons, most of whom became assimilated into Irish culture and polity by the 15th century, particularly the Welsh-Normans who settled into the Pale area due to the close proximity of Ireland to Wales. The late medieval era saw Scottish gallowglass families of mixed Gaelic-Norse-Pict descent settle, mainly in the north; due to similarities of language and culture they too were assimilated. The Plantations of Ireland and in particular the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century introduced great numbers of Scottish, English as well as French Huguenots as colonists. Despite these divergent backgrounds most of their descendants consider themselves Irish—even where they are aware of such ancestry—mainly due to their lengthy presence in Ireland. The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city in the Republic of Ireland. ... Norman conquests in red. ... This article is about the country. ... For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ... Breton can refer to: The Breton language A person from Brittany Author André Breton This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Assimilation, from Latin assimilatio meaning to render similar, is used to describe various phenomena: The process of assimilating new ideas into a schema (cognitive structure). ... A page from the Book of Kells. ... Cambro-Norman is a term used for Norman knights who settled in southern Wales after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... The term Galloglas (or Gallowglass) is an Anglicisation of the Irish, GallÃ³glaigh (foreign soldiers), incorporating the word, Ã“glach, which is derived from oac, the Old Irish for youths, but later meaning soldier. The galloglas were a mercenary warrior Ã©lite among Gaelic-Norse clans residing in the highlands and Western... The Norse-Gaels were a people who dominated much of the Irish Sea region and western Scotland for a large part of the Middle Ages, whose aristocracy were mainly of Scandinavian origin, but as a whole exhibited a great deal of Gaelic and Norse cultural syncretism. ... A replica of the Hilton of Cadboll Stone. ... Plantations in 16th and 17th century Ireland were established throughout the country by the confiscation of lands occupied by Gaelic clans and Hiberno-Norman dynasties, but principally in the provinces of Munster and Ulster. ... The Plantation of Ulster was a planned process of colonisation which took place in the northern Irish province of Ulster during the early 17th century in the reign of James I of England. ... This article is about the Scottish as an ethnic group. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... From the 16th to the 18th century the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ...

Historically, religion, politics and ethnicity became intertwined in Ireland. This is less true today, with the increasingly secular nature of the society, although connections between ethnicity and religion can still be observed - especially in Northern Ireland. Four polls taken between 1989 and 1994 revealed that when asked to state their national identity, over 79% of Northern Ireland Protestants replied "British" or "Ulster" with 3% or less replying "Irish", while over 60% of Northern Ireland Catholics replied "Irish" with 13% or less replying "British" or "Ulster".^[15] A survey in 1999 showed that 72% of Northern Ireland Protestants considered themselves "British" and 2% "Irish", with 68% of Northern Ireland Catholics considering themselves "Irish" and 9% "British".^[16] The survey also revealed that 78% of Protestants and 48% of all respondents felt "Strongly British", while 77% of Catholics and 35% of all respondents felt "Strongly Irish". 51% of Protestants and 33% of all respondents felt "Not at all Irish", while 62% of Catholics and 28% of all respondents felt "Not at all British".^[17]^[18] This article or section should be merged with ethnic group Ethnicity is the cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 kmÂ², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...

Surnames

It is common for most Irish surnames to be anglicised, meaning that they were changed to sound more Hiberno-English. This occurred when the language spoken in Ireland changed from the Irish language to the English language due to the plantations in the 1600's. A formal Irish-language name consists of a given name and a surname, as in English. ... Anglicized refers to foreign words, often surnames, that are changed from a foreign language into English. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the modern Goidelic language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

It is also very common for people of Gaelic origin to have surnames beginning with "Ó" or Mc (less frequently "Mac" and occasionally shortened to just "Ma" at the beginning of the name). â€œGaelâ€ redirects here. ... A family name, or surname or last name, is the part of a persons name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. ...

"O" was originally Ó which in turn came from Ua (originally hUa), which means "grandson", or "descendant" of a named person. For "Mac" or "Mc" means "son of"; many names also begin with this. There is no basis in fact for the claim that Mac is Scottish and Mc is Irish: Mc is simply an abbreviation of Mac. However, while both Mac and Ó prefixes are Gaelic in origin, Mc is more common in Ulster and Ó is far less common in Scotland than it is in Ireland. Some common surnames that begin with Ó are: Ó Ceallaigh (Kelly), Ó Gormáin (O'Gorman), Ó Gallchobhair (O'Gallagher), Ó hAinbhthin (Hanifin, Hanifan etc.), Ó Raghallaigh (O'Reilly), Ó Laoidheach (Lee), Ó Néill (O'Neill), Ó Briain (O'Brien),O Fallamhain (O'Fallon) Ó Conchúir (O'Connor), Ó Cathasaigh (O'Casey), Ó hÍcidhe, Ó Laoire (O'Leary), Ó Seachnasaigh (O'Shaughnessy),Ó Greaney (O'Greaney), Ó Dónaill (O'Donnell), Ó Dubhda (O'Dowd or O'Duffy), Ó Tuathail (O'Toole), Ó Meadhra(O'Meara), Ó Mealaigh (O'Malley), Ó hEadhra (O'Hara), Ó Bradaigh (O'Brady), and Ó Seanacháin (O'Shanahan). Some names that begin with Mac are: Mac Diarmada (MacDermott), Mac Cárthaigh (MacCarthy), Mac Donnachadha (MacDonough), Mac Dómhnaill (MacDonnell), McElligott, Mac Coileáin (MacQuillan), Mac Samhrain (McGovern), Mac Aonghusa (MacGuinness, Magennis), Mac Lochlainn (MacLaughlin), Mac Uidhir (MacGuire), Mac Mathúna (MacMahon, MacMahony) Mac Gadhra (McGeary) and Mac Cormaic (MacCormack). However, the two are not exclusive, so, for example, MacCarthy and McCarthy are both used. A family of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 A family consists of a domestic group of people (or a number of domestic groups), typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by comparable legal relationships â€” including domestic partnership, adoption, surname and (in some cases) ownership (as occurred in the Roman Empire). ... The term descendant or descendent has several meanings, some of which are listed below: A living being, like a plant, animal or person, that belongs to a particular lineage. ... This article is about the nine-county Irish province. ... Look up Kelly in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The name Gorman could mean: Arthur P. Gorman, United States Senator from Maryland Brian Gorman, MLB umpire Dave Gorman, English documentary-comedian and humorist Joe Gorman, (August 4, 1898 - ?) American featherweight boxer [1] James Gorman, Crimean War English recipient of the Victoria Cross John Gorman, British musician, member of the... Gallagher may refer to: // Gallagher (surname) Gallagher, the stage name of American stand-up comedian Leo Gallagher Angela Gallagher, English politician Benny Gallagher, Scottish singer/song writer and member of Gallagher and Lyle Catherine Gallagher, literary critic Colm Gallagher, Irish politician Cornelius Edward Gallagher, American politician Dan Gallagher, Canadian TV... This article is about the surname. ... ODonnell Coat of Arms Alternative ODonnell Coat of Arms ODonnell (Irish: Ã“ DÃ³naill or Ã“ DÃ³mhnaill), which is derived from the forname Domhnaill (meaning world ruler, Rex Mundi in Latin, Modern Irish spelling, DÃ³nall) were an ancient and powerful Irish clan, kings, princes, and lords of... MacDermott is a surname, and may refer to: Cormac MacDermott G. H. MacDermott John MacDermott, Baron MacDermott Sean MacDermott MacDermot McDermott MacDiarmid Categories: | ... MacQuillan and McQuillan are a surnames of Irish and Scottish origin. ...

There are a number of Irish surnames derived from Norse personal names, including Sweeney from Swein and Mc Auliffe from Olaf. The name Cotter, local to Cork, derives from the Norse personal name Ottir. Though these names were of Viking derivation most of the families who bear them appear to have had native origins.

"Fitz" is a corruption of the French phrase fils de, used by the Normans, meaning son of. The Normans were ultimately descendents of Vikings who settled in Normandy and had thoroughly adopted French ways and language. Norman conquests in red. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ...

A few names that begin with Fitz are: FitzGerald (Mac Gearailt), FitzSimons (Mac Síomóin), FitzGibbons (Mac Giobúin), Fitzpatrick (Mac Giolla Phádraig) and FitzHenry (Mac Anraí), most of whom descend from the initial Norman settlers. Exceptions occur in a small number of Irish families of Gaelic origin who came to use a Norman form of their original surname - witness Mac Giolla Phádraig becoming FitzPatrick - while some assimilated so well that the Gaelic name was dropped in favor of a new, Hiberno-Norm[an form. Cases in this category include Mac Gilla Mo-Cholomoc of Dublin becoming FitzDermot (after Dermot or Diarmaid Mac Gilla Mo-Cholomoc).Although Fitzpatrick is the only surname beginning with "Fitz" that is of Native Gaelic origin. The surname Fitzpatrick is the translation of Mac Giolla PhÃ¡draig from the original Irish to English. ... Goidelic is one of two major divisions of modern-day Celtic languages (the other being Brythonic). ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ...

Other Norman families derived their name from places or people in Ireland. This was the case of the family of Athy (see Tribes of Galway) who took their surname, de Athy, from the town of that name in Leinster. More common, however, was that the Normans became 'Hiberniores Hibernis ipsis' and in this process the Fitzmaurices became Mac Muiris, the Fitzsimons became Mac Síomóin and Mac an Ridire, Fitzgerald became Mac Gearailt, Bermingham became Mac Fheorais, Nangle became Mac Coisdealbha, Staunton became Mac an Mhíleadha, and so forth. The Tribes of Galway were fourteen merchant families who dominated the political commercial and social life in the town of Galway between the 13th and 16th centuries. ... More Irish than the Irish themselves was a phrase used in the Middle Ages to describe the phenomenon whereby foreigners who came to Ireland attached to invasion forces tended to be subsumed into Irish social and cultural society, adopted the Irish language, Irish culture, style of dress and a wholesale...

In the late 12th century and 13th century Norman, Welsh, English, Flemish and Breton peoples arrived in Ireland at the request of Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster, and took over parts of the island. During the next three hundred years, they intermarried with ruling Irish clans, adopted Irish culture and the Irish language and as the English put it "became more Irish than the Irish themselves". Another common Irish surname of Norman Irish origin is the 'de' habitational prefix, meaning 'of the' and originally signifying prestige and land ownership. Many Irish surnames share this: de Búrca (Burke), de Brún, de Barra, de Stac, de Tiúit, de Faoite(White), de Paor (Power), and so forth. Norman conquests in red. ... This article is about the country. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... Coat of arms of the Counts of Flanders (or a lion rampant sable, armed and langued gules). ... Historical province of Brittany, showing the main areas with their name in Breton language The traditional flag of Brittany (the Gwenn-ha-du), formerly a Breton nationalist symbol but today used as a general civic flag in the region. ... Diarmait Mac Murchada, anglicized as Dermot MacMurrough (died 1 January 1171) is considered the most notorious traitor in Irish history. ... The following is a provisional list of the Kings of Leinster up to 1632, and successive Chiefs of the Name to the present day. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the modern Goidelic language. ... More Irish than the Irish themselves was a phrase used in the Middle Ages to describe the phenomenon whereby foreigners who came to Ireland attached to invasion forces tended to be subsumed into Irish social and cultural society, adopted the Irish language, Irish culture, style of dress and a wholesale... The term Hiberno-Norman is used of those Norman lords who settled in Ireland, admitting little if any real fealty to the Anglo-Norman settlers in England. ... Monsignor PÃ¡draig de BrÃºn (1889-1960) was an Irish clergyman, mathematician and classical scholar, who served as President of University College Galway. ... This article is about the Irish republican. ... Austin Stack (December 7, 1879 - April 27, 1929) was an Irish revolutionary. ... RisteÃ¡rd de TiÃºit (died 1210) was a member of Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembrokes Irish invasion force, and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. ... Louis de Paor and his famous head of hair. ...

It should be emphasised, especially with Gaelic surnames, there may be two or more unrelated families bearing the same or similar surnames. For example, there were at least nine separate Ó Ceallaigh septs, all unrelated. The Mac Lochlainn, Ó Mael Sechlainn, Ó Mael Sechnaill, Ó Conchobair Mac Loughlin and Mac Diarmata Mac Loughlin families, all distinct, are now all subsumed together as MacLoughlin. The full surname usually indicated which family was in question, something that has being diminished with the loss of prefixes such as Ó and Mac. In addition, in Classical Irish when a Mac surname was followed by a name which began with a vowel, the Mac became Mag. This explains why one will still see the older spelling of Mac Aonghusa (McGuinness) as Mag Aonghusa, Mac Uidhir (Maguire) as Mag Uidhir, and so forth. Sept could mean: An abbreviation for September, written as Sept. ... Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the form of the Irish language from the 10th to 16th centuries; it is therefore a contemporary of Middle English. ...

Furthermore, different branches of a family with the same surname sometimes used distinguishing epithets, which sometimes became surnames in their own right. Hence the chief of the clan Ó Cearnaigh (Kearney) was referred to as An Sionnach (Fox), which his descendants use to this day.

Similar surnames are often found in Scotland for many reasons, such as the use of a common language and mass Irish immigration to Scotland in the late 19th and early to mid-20th centuries. Also Scottish surnames are noticeable in some Catholics in Ireland, particularly in Ulster, due to intermarriage and pre-Reformation immigration.

Personal names (forenames)

Some personal names in modern Ireland are derived from traditional Irish Names, and anglicised Irish names, although English names remain popular. Anglicized refers to foreign words, often surnames, that are changed from a foreign language into English. ...

The recent years have seen a major decline in most Irish names for babies being born in the Republic of Ireland. While in the past names such as Patrick (a name of Roman origin), Séamus (the Irish form of James) and others were almost ubiquitous in any family, today they are among the rarer names for children and the same goes for most other Irish names, although there are a few notable exceptions. Conor remains very popular, having topped the Most Popular new names for babies list many years running. The name Jack, which is an Irish diminutive of John, James and Jacob, has grown in popularity. Seán, also derived from the Hebrew root John, remains one of the most popular Irish names. Male names from North America have become more popular in recent times. There are many other Anglicised Irish names which remain popular, such as Ryan, Neil and others remaining on the Names List. Biblical names also form a large composition, such as Matthew, Philip and Paul.^{[citation needed]} Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... // John (IPA: ) is a common English males name. ... The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ... The Bible (From Greek βιβλια—biblia, meaning books, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported papyrus) is the sacred scripture of Christianity. ...

Aside from Seán other male names from the Norman-Irish tradition include Gearóid (Gerard), Piaras (Pearce), Éamonn (Edward), Liam (William) and indeed the very use of the name Pádraig (Patrick) is a Norman tradition. Prior to the Normans the Gaeil, out of reverence to Saint Patrick, named their children Giolla Phádraig, the servant of Patrick. Piaras is an interesting example of how both Norman and English traditions collided. Piaras is from the Norman-French Piers which itself is derived from the Latin, Petrus. Piaras/Piers was a common name in late medieval and early modern Ireland. However, with the expansion of British rule the English name Peter, which shares the same Latin root, began to replace it. Today, the Irish version (Peadar) of the English name (Peter), tends to be more common than the Irish version (Piaras) of the older Norman name (Piers). Thus, families with Norman surnames where Piaras has been a traditional name have broken the link to their historic tradition. An exception to this would be in the Gaeltachtaí where, for example, Piaras would still be very common, especially in the Corca Dhuibhne area of County Kerry due to the legacy of Piaras Feiritéar, where Piaras remains a very common name in the Feiritéar family. The maintenance of such traditions in personal names outside the Gaeltachtaí would generally be a sign of more educated parents. In an analogous way to Piaras, Irish families of patrilineal Gaelic descent sometimes use the Irish version (Séarlas) of the English name, Charles, rather than the names with a much longer vintage in their families, such as Calbhach and Cathal. Where Cathal is used it is often wrongly termed "the Irish for Charles" in a similar way to which the ancient Irish personal name, Áine, is wrongly said to be an Irish version of the English word, Anne. Rather, both Cathal and Áine are two very ancient Irish names with no etymological link whatsoever to the above English names.^[19] The term Hiberno-Norman is used of those Norman lords who settled in Ireland, admitting little if any real fealty to the Anglo-Norman settlers in England. ... Gael (Ancient people) : A Gael is a member of a distinct culture existing in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man whose language is one that is Gaelic. ... Norman is a Romance language and one of the OÃ¯l languages. ... The term Hiberno-Norman is used of those Norman lords who settled in Ireland, admitting little if any real fealty to the Anglo-Norman settlers in England. ... Gaeltacht, plural GaeltachtaÃ, is an Irish word for an Irish-speaking region. ... Dingle Peninsula Location map of the Dingle Peninsula The Dingle Peninsula (Irish: Corca Dhuibhne) is located in County Kerry and is the most westerly point of the Republic of Ireland. ... Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Tralee Code: KY Area: 4,746 kmÂ² Population (2006) 139,616 Website: www. ... Piaras FeiritÃ©ar (1600? â€“ 1653) was an Irish language poet. ... Gaeltacht, plural GaeltachtaÃ, is an Irish word for an Irish-speaking region. ... Patrilineality is a system in which one belongs to ones fathers lineage; it generally involves the inheritance of property, names or titles through the male line as well. ... â€œGaelâ€ redirects here. ... In Irish mythology, Ãine (also Aillen) was a goddess of love, growth, cattle and the sun. ...

For females, the traditional Irish names are far more popular, although their spellings are not always uniform. Names such as Mary, Ann, and Eileen which were hugely common in the past have now declined, although there was always much more variety in female names than in male. Today Aoife, Aisling, Ciara, Sinéad, and Órla are more popular as traditional Irish names, while foreign names such as Ella, Emma, Lisa, Rachel and Isabelle have become more common. Some older names have maintained their popularity, such as Sarah, Kate, Catherine and Louise. Female names from the Norman-Irish tradition are widespread and among the most traditional of Irish personal names. In a similar way to the name Pádraig (Patrick), in the pre-Norman tradition Máire did not exist but rather Maol Muire, devotee of the virgin Mary, was the normal Irish usage. Other common Irish female names of Norman origin (with their anglicised form) are Caitríona (Catherine, Katrina), Síle (Sheila), Caitlín (Kathleen), Cáit (Kate), Sinéad (Jane, Janet etc) and Siobhán (Joan, Jane etc) English names such as Victoria, Elizabeth, and Rebecca, while never hugely popular have also seen a decline in popularity, while some Irish names such as Bridget, Úna and Maureen have dropped off the list altogether.^{[citation needed]} The term Hiberno-Norman is used of those Norman lords who settled in Ireland, admitting little if any real fealty to the Anglo-Norman settlers in England. ... The term Hiberno-Norman is used of those Norman lords who settled in Ireland, admitting little if any real fealty to the Anglo-Norman settlers in England. ...

There can be major differentiations between regions. A personal name can still often indicate where a person, more precisely a man, is from. This is accounted for chiefly in the sainthood cults which have been traditional throughout the island. For instance, Fionnbharr is more common in Cork, Finnian in Meath and Donegal, Fionán in Kerry, and so forth, where these particular saints are institutionalised in local tradition. Seaghan remains the Ulster Irish spelling of Seán, though Séan, with the fada over the E, is also common. Páidí is more common in the Kerry Gaeltacht than elsewhere, and so forth. Jarlath is the patron saint of Tuam and the name is thus quite common in that region. As in the Feiritéar family above, the first name can also often indicate a family tradition as well as place. Saint Finbarr (c. ... St Finnian of Clonard (Cluain Eraird) (470 - 549) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. ... St Finnian or St. ... Ulster Irish is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Ulster. ... // John (IPA: ) is a common English males name. ... View of Ceann SibÃ©al with An TriÃºr DeirfiÃºr, Ard na Caithne in the background Ard na Caithne, meaning height of the arbutus or strawberry tree, (formerly also known as Smerwick in English, a name which lost all legal standing under the Placenames Order (Gaeltacht Regions) 2004 ) in... Saint Jarlath (c. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ...

See Irish names A formal Irish Gaelic name consists of a given name and a surname, as in English. ...

Recent history

In the Republic of Ireland about 86.82% [11] of the population are Roman Catholic. In Northern Ireland about 53.1% of the population are Protestant (21.1% Presbyterian, 15.5% Church of Ireland, 3.6% Methodist, 6.1% Other Christian) whilst a large minority are Roman Catholic at approximately 43.8%, as of 2001. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 88 KB)Statue of singer, songwriter, poet, rocker and Thin Lizzy frontman Philip Lynott (outside Bruxelles Bar on Harry Street, Dublin, Ireland). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 88 KB)Statue of singer, songwriter, poet, rocker and Thin Lizzy frontman Philip Lynott (outside Bruxelles Bar on Harry Street, Dublin, Ireland). ... Philip Parris Lynott (20 August 1949 â€“ 4 January 1986) was an Half Irish Blood Half Brazilian who was Born, Raised and Died in England singer, instrumentalist, and songwriter, who first came to prominence as the frontman of Thin Lizzy. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 kmÂ², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...

After Ireland became subdued by England in 1603 the English – under James I of England (reigned 1603 – 1625) who was also James VI of Scotland (1566 – 1625), Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell (term 1653 – 1658), William III of England who was also William II of Scotland (reigned 1689 – 1702) and their successors – began the settling of English in Leinster (the English Pale), and later Protestant English and Scottish colonists into Ireland, where they settled most heavily in the northern province of Ulster. However, while there is evidence (linguistic, surname, and genetic) that the English in the earlier settlements in Leinster, especially those in the lower classes who never really gave up Catholicism, disappeared into the broader Irish population, the staunchly Presbyterian Scots in Ulster did not intermarry heavily or integrate with the native Irish like the Normans did centuries earlier.^{[citation needed]} James VI and I (19 June 1566 â€“ 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary... Lord Protector is a particular English title for Heads of State, with two meanings (and full styles) at different periods of history. ... Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 â€“ 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... William III (14 November 1650 â€“ 8 March 1702) was the Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28 June 1672, King of England and King of Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scots (under the name William II) from... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Statistics Area: 19,774. ... This article refers to the Pale in Ireland. ... This article refers to a colony in politics and history. ... When under Gaelic rule, Ireland was divided into provinces to replace the earlier system of the tÃºatha. ... This article is about the nine-county Irish province. ... Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ... Children at a parade in North College Hill, Ohio Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation...

Tens of thousands^{[citation needed]} of native Irish were displaced during the 17th century Plantations of Ireland from parts of Ulster, and were replaced by English and Scottish planters. Only in the major part of Ulster did the plantations prove long-lived; the other three provinces (Connacht, Leinster, and Munster) remained heavily Catholic, and eventually, the Protestant populations of those three provinces would decrease drastically as a result of the political developments in the early 20th century in Ireland. This article is about the nine-county Irish province. ... Statistics Area: 17,713. ... Statistics Area: 19,774. ... Statistics Area: 24,607. ...

It is predominately religion, history and political differences (Irish nationalism versus British unionism) that divide the two communities, as many of the Scots-Irish settlers are in part of Celtic origin themselves and therefore related to their Irish Catholic neighbours. Irish nationalism refers to political movements that desire greater autonomy or the independence of Ireland from Great Britain. ... In the context of Irish politics, Unionists are people in Northern Ireland, who wish to see the continuation of the Act of Union 1800, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which Northern Ireland, created in that latter Act, remains part of the United Kingdom of Great... Scots-Irish (also called Ulster Scots) is a Scottish ethnic group that historically resided in Ireland which ultimately traces its roots back to settlers from Scotland, and to a lesser extent, England. ... This article is about the European people. ...

Conversely, some Irish people would have at least some degree of English or Scottish (gallowglass families from the Highlands) ancestry. The term Galloglas (or Gallowglass) is an Anglicisation of the Irish, GallÃ³glaigh (foreign soldiers), incorporating the word, Ã“glach, which is derived from oac, the Old Irish for youths, but later meaning soldier. The galloglas were a mercenary warrior Ã©lite among Gaelic-Norse clans residing in the highlands and Western...

In 1921, with the formation of the Irish Free State, six counties in the northeast remained in the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland. This article is about the prior state. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 kmÂ², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...

"Ulster-Irish" surnames tend to differ based on which community families originate from. Ulster Protestants tend to have either English or Scottish surnames while Catholics tend to have Irish surnames, although this is not always the case. There are many Catholics in Northern Ireland with surnames such as Emerson, Whitson, Livingstone, Hardy, Tennyson, MacDonald (however this surname is also common with Highland Roman Catholics in Scotland), Dunbar, Groves, Legge, Scott, Gray, Page, Stewart, Rowntree, Henderson, et al; almost certainly due to intermarriage. According to Lecky, conversions also occurred to a lesser extent, which were mostly class-based; Catholics sometimes become Protestant to keep their lands and titles or to gain advantages, while some Protestants who were from the lower classes or who had fallen on hard times would become Catholic. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... William Edward Hartpole Lecky, OM (26 March 1838â€“22 October 1903) was an Irish historian and publicist. ...

Irish diaspora

The Irish diaspora consists of Irish emigrants and their descendants in countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and nations of the Caribbean such as Barbados. These countries, known as the Anglosphere, all have large minorities of Irish descent, who in addition form the core of the Catholic Church in those countries. The diaspora contains over 80 million people; it is believed that roughly one third of the Presidents of the United States of America had at least some Irish descent, while Charles Carroll of Carrollton (whose Irish born grandfather Daniel had left Britain to escape Catholic persecution) was the sole Catholic signatory of the American Declaration of Independence. [12] Emigrants Leave Ireland, engraving by Henry Doyle (1827-1892), from Mary Frances Cusacks Illustrated History of Ireland, 1868 // The Irish diaspora (Irish: DiaspÃ³ra na nGael) consists of Irish emigrants and their descendants in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Mexico, New Zealand... A memorial statue in Hanko, Finland, commemorating the thousands of emigrants who left the country to start a new life in the United States Emigration is the act and the phenomenon of leaving ones native country or region to settle in another. ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... West Indies redirects here. ... Definitions of the Anglosphere vary: Countries in which English is the first language of a large fraction of the population are shown in blue. ... For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ... For the pop band, see Presidents of the United States of America. ... Charles Carroll (1737-1832) Charles Carroll of Carrollton (September 19, 1737 â€“ November 14, 1832) was a lawyer and politician from Maryland who was a delegate to the Continental Congress and later a United States Senator. ... U.S. Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is a document in which the Thirteen Colonies declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ...

There are also large Irish communities in some mainland European countries, notably in France and Germany, as well as Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile. Irish ethnicity is common in the world, as many people are descended from Ireland or share an Irish heritage. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

Irish in the Americas number around 60 million. They are the second largest self-reported ethnic group in the United States, after German Americans. It's also one of the largest self-reported ethnic groups in Canada, Irish Canadians number around 4 million. In the mid-19th century large numbers of Irish immigrants to the U.S. were conscripted into the army at the time of the Mexican-American War. Many defected to the Mexican army and eventually settled in Mexico in order to escape the strong anti-Catholic discrimination in the U.S. Vicente Fox, former president of the Republic of Mexico, is of Irish descent. Although some Irish retained their surnames intact, others were assimilated into the Spanish vernacular. The last name O'Brien,for example, became Obregón. Also, large numbers of Irish people emigrated to Argentina in the 18th and 19th centuries. Irish-Argentines number over 500,000. Some famous Argentines of Irish descendent include Che Guevara, ex-president Edelmiro Farrell and national hero William Brown. World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas in an equal-area projection The Americas are the lands of the New World, consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry. ... Vicente Fox Quesada (born July 2, 1942) was the President of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. ... Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (June 14,[1] 1928 â€“ October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara, El Che or just Che was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary, medical doctor , political figure, and leader of Cuban and internationalist guerrillas. ... Edelmiro Julián Farrell Plaul (1887 - 1980) was President of Argentina from 24 February 1944 to 4 June 1946. ... William Brown (or Browne) may refer to the following (some of whom were also called Bill): William Brown (soldier) (18th century), American Revolutionary War soldier William Brown (admiral) (or Guillermo Brown) (1777â€“1857), Irish-born Argentine Navy admiral William Brown (sailor) (birth name unknown), Black Scottish woman who served in...

One important Irish group in the history of the Americas are the "Patricios", or Saint Patrick's Battalion, a group of European Catholic immigrants, mostly Irish, who left the American side during the Mexican-American War and joined the Mexican Army. Although many of them were caught and executed by the American government, some escaped and remained in Mexico. The battalion is commemorated in Mexico on Saint Patricks's day and on September 12, the anniversary of the first executions. The Saint Patricks Battalion (Spanish: BatallÃ³n de San Patricio) was a unit of several hundred Irishmen, Germans, Scotsmen and other European Catholics who deserted the United States Army and fought as part of the Mexican Army against the United States in the Mexican-American War of 1846 to... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notable Irish people

Aidan of Lindisfarne, Bishop of Lindisfarne, died 651
Bono (Paul Hewson) - Rock musician, Lead singer of U2
Brigid of Kildare - Saint, died c.525
Cerball mac Dúnlainge, King of Osraige 842-888
Dicuil - Geographer, fl. 8th/9th century
Enya - country's second most successful musical act, born 1961
Feidlimid mac Cremthanin, King of Munster, 820-846
Flann Sinna, King of Mide and High King; c.847-916
Johannes Scotus Eriugena, philosopher, died 877
Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, Irish High King, died 862
Marianus Scotus, chronicler, died c.1083
Niall of the Nine Hostages - Irish king and pirate, died c.450/455

Bertie Ahern - Irish Taoiseach since 1997
Francis Bacon (painter) - Artist, 1909-1992
Francis Beaufort, hydrographer, 1774-1857
Robert Boyle - Chemist, 1627-1691
George Berkeley - Philosopher,1685-1753
Pierce Brosnan - actor, played James Bond 1994-2005
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde - statesman and soldier, died 1688
Gay Byrne - presenter of the Late Late Show (1962-1999)
Todd Carty Actor/Director, Born 1963 Limerick City.
Patrick Clancy - Member of the Clancy Brothers
Bob Carlos Clarke - erotic photographer, 1950-2006
Darren Clarke - professional golfer
Tom Crean - Antarctic explorer, 1877-1938
Ninette de Valois - ballerina and founder of the Royal Ballet, died 2001
Colin Farrell - actor, born 1976
Paddy Finucane - Battle of Britain flying ace, 1920-1942
George FitzGerald - physicist
Rory Gallagher - rock and blues musician
Bob Geldof - singer, activist and entrepreneur, born 1954
Brendan Gleeson - actor
Augusta, Lady Gregory - playwright, co-founder of Abbey Theatre, died 1932
Veronica Guerin - journalist, murdered 1996
Arthur Guinness - brewer and founder of the Guinness dynasty
William Rowan Hamilton - mathematician and scientist
Richard Harris Actor, Born 1930 Limerick City.
Margaret Hassan - humanitarian, kidnapped and murdered in Iraq
James Hoban - designer of the White House
John Hume - Politician, Nobel Laureate, born 1937
Neil Jordan - film director
James Joyce - novelist
Roy Keane - footballer
Caitlín R. Kiernan, fantasy/science fiction writer, born 1964
Francis Ledwidge - poet and political activist, killed in action 1917
Dónal Lunny - folk musician, born 1945
Phil Lynott - singer-songwriter and rock star, died 1986
Mary McAleese - President of Ireland since 1997
Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh - historian and genealogist, murdered 1671
Dermot MacMurrough - King of Leinster, died 1171
Eamonn McCann, political activist, born 1943
Barry McGuigan, featherweight boxing world champion, born 1961
Finian Maynard - Windsurfing champion
Jonathan Rhys Meyers - actor, born 1977
Spike Milligan - comedian, actor and writer
Van Morrison - singer-songwriter, musician born 1945
Liam Neeson - actor, born 1952
David Norris, Senator and Civil Rights Activist, born 1944
Graham Norton - TV personality and actor
Turlough O'Carolan - Irish harpist and composer, 1670-1738
Daniel O'Connell - barrister and Irish emancipator
Francis Martin O'Donnell - senior UN diplomat
Seán Óg Ó hAilpín - captain of the Cork hurling team
Grace O'Malley - Irish chieftain and pirate, c.1530-c.1603
Martin O'Neill - Footballer and Manager
John O'Riley - founder of Saint Patrick's Battalion, 1805-1850
John O'Shea - humanitarian and founder of GOAL
Gilbert O'Sullivan - Pop Singer/Songwriter, born 1946
Sonia O'Sullivan - Olympic athlethe, born 1969
Peter O'Toole - Eight-time Academy Award for Best Actor nominee
Mary Robinson- seventh Irish president, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Adi Roche - humanitarian
Ernest Shackleton - Antarctic explorer, died 1922
Steve Staunton - Football Manager
Bram Stoker - theatre manager and author of Dracula, died 1912
Lorcan Ua Tuathail - Archbishop of Dublin, died 1180
Oscar Wilde - Playwright, poet, wit, died 1900
WB Yeats - Poet, died 1939
Mary Ward (scientist), world's first motor vehicle accident victim.
Arthur Wellesley - The first Duke of Wellington: politician, solider, British Prime Minister, died 1852

This is a list of famous Irish people. ... Augustine was the Apostle of Kent, but Aidan was the Apostle of the English. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: This article... Map of the UK showing the location of Lindisfarne at 55. ... For other uses, see Bono (disambiguation). ... Rock and roll (also spelled rock n roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... This article is about the Irish rock band. ... Saint Brigid redirects here. ... For other uses, see Saint (disambiguation). ... Cerball mac DÃºnlainge (died 888), called Kjarvalr Ãrakonungr in the Icelanders sagas, was king of Osraige in Ireland. ... The Kingdom of Osraige (also spelt Ossory, Osraighe or Osraighibh), was an ancient kingdom of Ireland. ... Dicuil was an Irish monk and geographer, born in the second half of the 8th century; date of death unknown. ... A geographer is a crazy psycho whose area of study is geocrap, the pseudoscientific study of Earths physical environment and human habitat and the study of boring students to death. ... For the letter Ã‘ pronounced Enye, see Ã‘. Enya (born Eithne Patricia NÃ BhraonÃ¡in[4] on 17 May 1961, Gaoth Dobhair, County Donegal, Ireland), sometimes presented in the media as Enya Brennan, is an Irish singer and songwriter. ... Feidlimind Mac Cremthanin was the King of Cashel or Munster between 820 and 846. ... Statistics Area: 24,607. ... Flann Sinna mac MaÃl Sechnaill (died 916), was the son of MÃ¡el Sechnaill mac MaÃl Ruanaid of Clann CholmÃ¡in, a southern branch of the UÃ NÃ©ill. ... J. Scotus Eriugena commemorated on a Irish banknote, issued 1976-1993 Johannes Scotus Eriugena (ca. ... Cross of the Scriptures, Clonmacnoise, commissioned by MÃ¡el Sechnaills son Flann Sinna and erected in 901. ... High King of Ireland (Irish: Ard RÃ na hÃ‰ireann) refers to legendary, pagan kings of Tara. ... Marianus Scotus (1028-1082 or 1083), chronicler (who must be distinguished from his namesake Marianus Scotus, d. ... Generally a chronicle (Latin chronica) is historical account of facts and events in chronological order. ... Niall of the Nine Hostages (Irish: Niall NoigÃallach) was a High King of Ireland who was active in the early-to-mid 5th century, dying - according to the latest estimates - around 450-455. ... Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Bartholomew Bertie Ahern (Irish: ;[1] born 12 September 1951) is an Irish politician who, since 26 June 1997, has served as the tenth Taoiseach of Ireland. ... The Taoiseach (IPA: , phonetic: TEE-shock â€” plural: Taoisigh ( or ), also referred to as An Taoiseach [1], is the head of government or prime minister of the Republic of Ireland . ... Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 â€“ 28 April 1992) was an Irish figurative painter. ... Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, FRS, FRGS (7 May 1774 â€“ 17 December 1857) was an Irish hydrographer and officer in the British Royal Navy. ... Hydrography is the measurement of physical characteristics of waters and marginal land. ... Robert Boyle (Irish: Robaird Ã“ Bhaoill) (25 January 1627 â€“ 30 December 1691) was an Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. ... A chemist pours from a round-bottom flask. ... For the second husband of Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, see George Berkeley (MP). ... A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ... Pierce Brendan Brosnan,The most gorgeous man on the planet OBE[1] (born May 16, 1953) is an Irish actor and producer best known for portraying James Bond in four films from 1995 to 2002: GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day. ... For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation). ... This article is about the spy series. ... James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde (October 19, 1610 â€“ July 21, 1688), was an Anglo-Irish statesman and soldier. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Todd Carty (born 31 August 1963) is an Irish actor. ... This article is about the city in Ireland. ... During World War II he served as a flight engineer in the Royal Air Force in Asia; he also reportedly had been a member of the Irish Republican Army. ... Irish folk music band, most popular in the 1960s, who are often credited with popularizing Irish traditional music in the United States. ... Robert Carlos Clarke (b. ... Eroticism is an aesthetic focused on sexual desire, especially the feelings of anticipation of sexual activity. ... A photographer at the Calgary Folk Music Festival Paparazzi at the Tribeca Film Festival A photographer is a person who takes a photograph using a camera. ... Darren Clarke (born in Dungannon, County Tyrone on August 14, 1968) is a professional golfer from Northern Ireland who plays on both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. ... In golf the distinction between amateurs and professionals is rigorously maintained. ... For Victoria Cross recipient, see Thomas Joseph Crean. ... Greek ἀνταρκτικός, opposite the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earths South Pole. ... See also explorations, sea explorers, astronaut, conquistador, travelogue, the History of Science and Technology and Biography. ... At age 16 Dame Ninette de Valois (June 6, 1898 â€“ March 8, 2001) was the Irish founder of Londons renowned Royal Ballet. ... Maya Plisetskaya, prima ballerina of the Bolshoi Ballet from 1943 to 1960 and prima ballerina assoluta from 1960 to 1990. ... Royal Ballet may refer to: Royal Ballet, London Birmingham Royal Ballet Royal Winnipeg Ballet Royal Danish Ballet There is also an article about the Royal Ballet School in London, England. ... Colin James Farrell (born May 31, 1976) is an Irish actor who has appeared in several high-profile Hollywood films including Daredevil, Miami Vice, Minority Report, Phone Booth, Alexander, In Bruges. ... For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation). ... Note: Do not confuse with Pat Finucane or Patrick Finucane Wing Commander Brendan Eamonn Fergus Finucane, DSO, DFC and two bars (1920 - 1942), known as Paddy Finucane, was a Irish RAF fighter pilot. ... This article is about military history. ... The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen, perhaps the most famous ace of all The first ace, Adolphe Pegoud being awarded the Croix de Guerre A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. ... George FitzGerald George Francis FitzGerald, or Fitzgerald, (3 August 1851 â€“ 22 February 1901) was a professor of natural and experimental philosophy (i. ... Not to be confused with physician, a person who practices medicine. ... Rory Gallagher (2 March 1948â€“14 June 1995) was an Irish blues/rock guitarist, born in Ballyshannon, County Donegal, grew up in Cork City in the south of Ireland. ... This article is about the genre. ... Blues music redirects here. ... â€œInstrumentalistâ€ redirects here. ... Robert Frederick Xenon Geldof[1], KBE[2], known as Bob Geldof (born 5 October 1951) [3], is an Irish singer, songwriter, actor and political activist. ... For other uses, see Singer (disambiguation). ... Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ... An entrepreneur (a loanword from French introduced and first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon) is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ... Gleeson as Professor Mad-Eye Moody in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. ... For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation). ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... This article is about the Abbey Theatre, Dublin. ... Veronica Guerin (July 5, 1958 - June 26, 1996) was an Irish journalist who was murdered in 1996 by Irish drug dealers. ... For other uses, see Journalist (disambiguation). ... Arthur Guinness Arthur Guinness (September 24, 1725 â€“ January 23, 1803) was an Irish brewer and the founder of the Guinness Brewery business and family. ... A brewer is someone engaged in the occupation of brewing beverages. ... Guinness logo Guinness is Good for You â€” Irish language advertisement. ... For other persons named William Hamilton, see William Hamilton (disambiguation). ... Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... This article is about the profession. ... For other persons named Richard Harris, see Richard Harris (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city in Ireland. ... Margaret Hassan Margaret Hassan (also known as Madam Margaret) (April 18, 1945â€“November 2004?) was an aid worker who had worked in Iraq for many years until she was abducted and murdered by unidentified kidnappers in Iraq in 2004, at the age of 59. ... James Hoban James Hoban (1762-1831) was born in Desart, near Callan County Kilkenny, Ireland. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ... John Hume. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... The Nobel Prizes (pronounced no-BELL or no-bell) are awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society. ... Neil Jordan (born February 25, 1950) is an Academy Award-winning Irish filmmaker and novelist. ... Director Herbert Brenon with actress Alla Nazimova on the set of War Brides, 1916 A director is a person who directs the making of a film. ... This article is about the writer and poet. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... Roy Maurice Keane (born 10 August 1971 in Mayfield, Cork City, Ireland) is an Irish former professional footballer and the current manager of English Premier League club Sunderland. ... Soccer redirects here. ... CaitlÃn Rebekah Kiernan (born May 26, 1964 in Skerries, Dublin, Ireland) is the author of many science fiction and dark fantasy works, including six novels, many comic books, more than one hundred published short stories, novellas, and vignettes, and numerous scientific papers. ... Francis Ledwidge (August 19, 1887 - July 31, 1917) was an Irish poet, killed in action during World War I. Ledwidge was born at Slane in Ireland, into a large and poverty-stricken family. ... Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1881). ... Legendary Irish musician, DÃ³nal Lunny. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... Philip Parris Lynott (20 August 1949 â€“ 4 January 1986) was an Half Irish Blood Half Brazilian who was Born, Raised and Died in England singer, instrumentalist, and songwriter, who first came to prominence as the frontman of Thin Lizzy. ... The term singer-songwriter refers to performers who both write and sing their own material. ... Look up rockstar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Mary Patricia McAleese (Irish: [1]; born 27 June 1951) is the eighth, and current, President of Ireland. ... Official Seal of the President of Ireland The President of Ireland (Irish: ) is the head of state of the Republic of Ireland. ... Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh (1643â€“January 1671) was born in the parish of Lackan, in the Barony of Tireagh, Co. ... For other uses, see Historian (disambiguation). ... Genealogy is the study and tracing of family pedigrees. ... Diarmait Mac Murchada (also known as Diarmait na nGall, Dermot of the Foreigners, Daimait MacMorchada), anglicized as Dermot MacMurrough (died 1 January 1171) was the King of Leinster, and is often considered to have been the most notorious traitor in Irish history. ... Statistics Area: 19,774. ... Eamonn McCann (born in Derry in 1943) is an Irish journalist, author, and political activist. ... Finbar Patrick Barry McGuigan MBE (born February 28, 1961 in Clones, County Monaghan, Ireland), nicknamed The Clones Cyclone, is a former professional boxer who became a world Featherweight champion. ... Finian Maynard (born 22 November 1974 in Dublin, Ireland) is a four time speed windsurfing world champion (1998 until 2001) and holds the current speed world record for sailing vessels. ... A windsurfer with modern gear tilts the rig and carves the board to perform a planing jibe (downwind turn) close to shore in Maui, Hawaii. ... Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born 27 July 1977) is an Irish Golden Globe-winning actor and fashion model. ... For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation). ... Terence Alan Milligan KBE (16 April 1918â€“27 February 2002), known as Spike Milligan, was an Irish comedian, writer, musician, poet and playwright. ... George Ivan Morrison OBE (generally known as Van Morrison) (born August 31, 1945) is a Grammy Award-winning Irish singer, songwriter, author, poet and multi-instrumentalist, who has been a professional musician since the late 1950s. ... The term singer-songwriter refers to performers who both write and sing their own material. ... â€œInstrumentalistâ€ redirects here. ... William John Liam Neeson OBE (born June 7, 1952) is an Academy Award-nominated Irish actor. ... For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation). ... David Patrick Bernard Norris (b. ... Graham Norton, born Graham William Walker on 4 April 1963 in Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, is an Irish actor, comedian and television presenter. ... Turlough OCarolan (Irish name Toirdhealbhach Ã“ CearbhallÃ¡in, 1670 - March 25, 1738) was a blind, itinerant Irish harper and composer whose great fame is due to his gifts for composition and verse. ... Harp is also a slang term for the diatonic harmonica. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... For other persons named Daniel OConnell, see Daniel OConnell (disambiguation). ... // Artists impression of an English and Irish barrister A barrister is a lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions which employ a split profession (as opposed to a fused profession) in relation to legal representation. ... The word Accuser can mean:- Accuser (fictional Star Wars spaceship) Someone who accuses Category: ... Francis M. ODonnell (UN Photo) Francis Martin ODonnell is the Resident Coordinator of the United Nations system in Ukraine, having arrived on 30 September 2004. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... SeÃ¡n Ã“g Ã“ hAilpÃn was born on May 22, 1977 and is a Republic of Ireland sportsman. ... Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Cork Code: C (CK proposed) Area: 7,457 kmÂ² Population (2006) 480,909 (including City of Cork); 361,766 (without Cork City) Website: www. ... For the Cornish sport, see Cornish Hurling. ... The meeting of Grace OMalley and Queen Elizabeth I GrÃ¡inne NÃ MhÃ¡ille (c. ... Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Martin Hugh Michael ONeill, OBE, (born March 1, 1952 in Kilrea, Northern Ireland) is a former Northern Ireland national football team captain who has previously managed Wycombe Wanderers, Norwich City, Leicester City and Celtic and is currently manager of Aston Villa. ... Jon Riley, also known as John ORiley, (1805-1850), a United States Army lieutenant, was one of the estimated 800 immigrant Irishmen who deserted the US Army to fight for Mexico in the 1846-48 war. ... The Saint Patricks Battalion (Spanish: BatallÃ³n de San Patricio) was a unit of several hundred Irishmen, Germans, Scotsmen and other European Catholics who deserted the United States Army and fought as part of the Mexican Army against the United States in the Mexican-American War of 1846 to... John OShea can refer to: John OShea (footballer) John OShea (director) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Humanitarianism is the view that all people should be treated with the respect and dignity they deserve as human beings, and that advancing the well-being of humanity is a noble goal. ... Look up goal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gilbert OSullivan Raymond Edward OSullivan, known professionally as Gilbert OSullivan (born 1 December 1946, Waterford, County Waterford, Ireland) is an Irish singer-songwriter, best known for his early 1970s hits Alone Again (Naturally), Clair and Get Down. // Early in his life, his family moved to Swindon, Wiltshire... Sonia OSullivan (born November 28, 1969) is an Irish runner from Cobh, County Cork. ... Peter Seamus OToole (born August 2, 1932, uncertain but presumed correct date[1]) is an eight-time Academy Award-nominated Irish actor. ... Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. ... For the poet, see Mary Robinson (poet). ... Adi Roche ( 1955-present) is a campaigner for peace, humanitarian aid, and education. ... Humanitarianism is the view that all people should be treated with the respect and dignity they deserve as human beings, and that advancing the well-being of humanity is a noble goal. ... Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE (15 February 1874 â€“ 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer who was knighted for the success of the 1907-09 British Antarctic Expedition under his command. ... Greek ἀνταρκτικός, opposite the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earths South Pole. ... See also explorations, sea explorers, astronaut, conquistador, travelogue, the History of Science and Technology and Biography. ... Stephen Staunton (born 19 January 1969 in Drogheda, Republic of Ireland) was a professional footballer who enjoyed a distinguished career with Liverpool and Aston Villa, he also became the Republic of Irelands most capped player. ... Abraham Bram Stoker (November 8, 1847 â€“ April 20, 1912) was an Irish writer, best remembered as the author of the influential horror novel Dracula. ... A theatre director is a principal in the theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a play by unifying various endeavors and aspects of production. ... This article is about the novel. ... Lorcán Ua Tuathail, also known as St. ... Primate of Ireland is a title possessed by the Roman Catholic and Church of Ireland (Anglican) Archbishops of Dublin. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 â€“ November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1881). ... Look up Wit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A 1907 engraving of Yeats. ... Scientist Mary Ward Mary Ward (b. ... Italic text His Grace Field Marshal the Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ...

Contents

Descent

Surnames

Personal names (forenames)

Recent history

Irish diaspora

Notable Irish people

See also

Notes

References

External links

Contents

Descent GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Surnames

Personal names (forenames)

Recent history

Irish diaspora

Notable Irish people

See also

Notes

References

External links

Descent