Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (July 29, 1846—November 14, 1921), nicknamed the Redeemer, was heir to the throne of Brazil (with the title of Princess Imperial) during the last decades of the reign of her father Pedro II of Brazil, and sometime Regent. After the end of the monarchy, she became Head of the Brazilian Imperial House and, according to legitimist claims, de jure Empress of Brazil. Image File history File links Dona_Isabel. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Emperor Pedro II in full regalia, in the opening of the annual session of the Brazilian Imperial Parliament (General Assembly), 1873 Dom Pedro IIs family Dom Pedro II of Brazil Dom Pedro II (pron. ... On September 7, 1822, Prince Pedro of Portugal, heir apparent to the Portuguese throne and the Kings representative in Brazil, declared the countrys independence from Portugal and proclaimed himself Emperor of Brazil. ... In 1822 (7 September), Infante dom Pedro of Portugal, heir apparent to the Portuguese throne and kings representative in Brazil, was proclaimed Emperor of Brazil. ... Emperor is also a Norwegian black metal band; see Emperor (band). ...

She acted as regent of Brazil three times while her father was away from the country. In the political history of Brazil she was the first female ruler in the postcolonial period. In 1888 she announced the total abolition of slavery. In 1889 the Brazilian military overthrew Pedro II along with the monarchy ending her chance at a permanent succession. She died on November 14, 1921 while living in Chateau d'Eu, France. // High public office A regent, from the Latin regens who reigns is anyone who acts as head of state, especially if not the monarch (who has higher titles). ... Postcolonial theory is a literary theory or critical approach that deals with literature produced in countries that were once, or are now, colonies of other countries. ... Abolition is the act of formally destroying something through legal means, either by making it illegal, or simply no longer allowing it to exist in any form. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining. ...

Personal life

Isabel was born as the eldest surviving child of Emperor Dom Pedro II and Teresa of the Two Sicilies, herself the youngest daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies, in the Paço de São Cristóvão, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, on July 29, 1846. Her elder brother had died as an infant before Isabella's birth, and a younger brother also died as an infant. As the imperial couple had only daughters living, dom Pedro designated Isabella, the heir presumptive as the official heiress (although she was not heir apparent in the strictest sense of that concept) whereby she received the titles Princess Imperial and Princess of Brazil already in the lifetime of her father. Francis I (August 14, 1777 - November 8, 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... An Heir Presumptive (capitalised) is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honor, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir Apparent or of a new Heir Presumptive with a better claim to the throne. ... Contrasting with heir presumptive, an heir apparent is one who cannot be prevented from inheriting by the birth of any other person. ... Prince of Brazil (Portuguese: Principe do Brasil) was a title used in kingdom of Portugal, normally conferred on the heir of the royal house. ...

Isabel married on October 15, 1864, Prince Gastão d' Orléans, Count of Eu (1842-1922) - Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston, Prince d'Orleans, comte d'Eu, son of Louis Charles Philippe Raphael, duc de Nemours, a cadet prince of the house of Orleans. October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years). ... Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston dOrléans, comte dEu (1842-1922) was the son of Louis Charles Philippe Raphael, duc de Nemours. ... Louis Charles Philippe Raphael, duc de Nemours (October 25, 1814 - June 26, 1896) was the second son of the duke of Orleans, afterwards King Louis Philippe. ...

Her only surviving sibling, her younger sister Princess Leopoldina of Brazil married Prince August of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Originally, the two princes were imported to Brazil in order for August to marry Isabel and Gaston Leopoldina, but the girls decided otherwise and the emperor, having himself experienced unhappinesses of an arranged dynastic marriage, agreed to their wishes. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha or Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) was once the name given to the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Germany, in the present states of Bavaria and Thuringia, which were in personal union between 1826 and 1918. ...

She was all her life styled as Princess and as Her Imperial and Royal Highness.

Isabel's marriage with Gaston produced three sons, the eldest of whom, her father's namesake, was designated as the next heir of Brazil, and accordingly given the title Prince of Grao Para. The sons: Dom Pedro de Alcântara Orléans e Bragança (b. 1875-?), Dom Luís de Orléans e Bragança (1878-1920), and Dom Antônio Orléans e Bragança (1881-1918). On September 7, 1822, Prince Pedro of Portugal, heir apparent to the Portuguese throne and the Kings representative in Brazil, declared the countrys independence from Portugal and proclaimed himself Emperor of Brazil. ...

Political Role

Isabel was regent of the empire three times while her father, Emperor Dom Pedro II (1825-1891), traveled abroad. In his reign, Pedro II who was regarded as liberal, took steps to industrialize Brazil and to end slavery. Isabella, acting as the Regent, signed the final abolition of slavery edict (the "Lei Áurea", Golden Law, effectively banning slavery), on May 13, 1888, whereby Isabel got the sobriquet Isabel the Redeemer. For the act of signing the Golden Law, she was awarded the "Rose of Gold" medal by Pope Leo XIII. Slavery is a condition in which one person, known as a slave, is under the control of another person, group, organization, or state. ... The Lei Áurea (Golden Law), adopted on May 13, 1888, was the law that finally abolished slavery in Brazil. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ...

This progressive stance, however, brought the imperial government into conflict with the more conservative elements of Brazilian society. At the same time, the liberal elements, which they encouraged, eventually decided that Pedro was not willing to make reforms fast enough, so they also rejected the imperial rule. Although the emperor was still popular among the people, he was deposed on November 15, 1889 by a military coup, and the imperial family was exiled. When the monarchy fell in 1889, Isabel accompanied the other members of the royal family into exile in France. November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ...

When the deposed Emperor Pedro II died on December 5, 1891 in Paris, France, his daughter Isabella ascended as the Titular Empress of Brazil, according to monarchists. December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city, as viewed from the Trocadéro This article is about the capital and largest city in France. ...

In 1908 her eldest son Dom Pedro, Prince Imperial, Prince of Grao Para, wanted to marry a noblewoman whom Isabella regarded not royal, and as result, the son renounced his rights in order to marry. From that onwards, her heir was her second son Dom Luiz, who however died just before her. She died in 1921 in France.

Belated Return from Exile

As part of the commemoration of the first centennial of the country's independence in 1922, the Brazilian government rescinded the exile law imposed by the new Republican government in 1889 and allowed the imperial family to return. Isabella was dead, and her husband Gaston, having embarked on a ship to Brazil, died onboard. The remains of Pedro II and his wife were brought to Brazil in 1922, and were reinterred in Petrópolis, their former summer residence, in 1939. In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people who do not base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people of that state or country. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Petrópolis, also known as The Imperial City of Brazil, is a town in the state of Rio de Janeiro, about 60 km from the states capital. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Isabel was part of the House of Orleans-Bragança. The family includes royal heirs of deposed monarchies of France and Portugal, in addition to Empire of Brazil. On September 7, 1822, Prince Pedro of Portugal, heir apparent to the Portuguese throne and the Kings representative in Brazil, declared the countrys independence from Portugal and proclaimed himself Emperor of Brazil. ... The Empire of Brazil is a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I and his son Pedro II. Founded in 1822, dissolved and replaced by a republic in 1889. ...

Her successor was her grandson Dom Pedro Henrique, the son of her late second son Dom Luiz.

Her body was taken to Brazil aboard the Barroso in 1953 and she was buried in the Petrópolis cathedral.

References

• Princess Isabel of Brazil: Gender and Power in the Nineteenth Century, by Roderick J. Barman (2002).
• The Redeemeress

The House of Bragança (pron. ... Emperor Pedro II in full regalia, in the opening of the annual session of the Brazilian Imperial Parliament (General Assembly), 1873 Dom Pedro IIs family Dom Pedro II of Brazil Dom Pedro II (pron. ... The Brazilian monarchs were the rulers of Brazil from its discovery in 1500 until 1889. ... Prince Pedro Henriqe of Orleans-Bragança (1909-1981), was the great-grandson of the last emperor of Brazil, Pedro II of Brazil and grandson of Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, and he successed her as the titular emperor of Brazil in 1921. ...

Imperial Family of Brazil

Forefathers - John VI of Portugal - Queen Carlota Joaquina Image File history File links The Arms of the Brazilian Imperial Family. ... In 1822 (7 September), Infante dom Pedro of Portugal, heir apparent to the Portuguese throne and kings representative in Brazil, was proclaimed Emperor of Brazil. ... John VI (Portuguese João, pron. ... Carlota Joaquina Teresa of Spain (25 April or 25 May 1775 - 6 January or 7 January 1830) was the eldest daughter of King Carlos IV of Spain (1748-1819) and his wife Maria Luisa of Parma (1751-1819). ... First generation - Pedro I - Empress Leopoldina - Princess Amélie of Leuchtenberg Second Generation - Pedro II - Empress Teresa Cristina - Maria II da Glória - Princess Januária of Braganza - Princess Francisca of Braganza Third generation - Princess Isabel the Redeemer - Gaston of Orleans, Count d'Eu Pedro I of Brazil (pron. ... Maria Leopoldina Josepha Caroline of Habsburg, archduchess of Austria, Empress consort of Brazil, was born in 1797 in Vienna, Austria. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Emperor Pedro II in full regalia, in the opening of the annual session of the Brazilian Imperial Parliament (General Assembly), 1873 Dom Pedro IIs family Dom Pedro II of Brazil Dom Pedro II (pron. ... Maria II da Glória, (pron. ... Januária Maria of Bragança (pron. ... Francisca Carolina of Bragança (pron. ... ... The Vassouras Branch (dynastic) Fourth generation - Prince Luiz of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Maria Pia Fifth generation - Prince Pedro Henrique of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Maria Elisabeth Sixth generation - Prince Luiz of Orleans-Braganza - Prince Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza - Prince Antonio of Orleans-Braganza - Christine, Princess de Ligne Seventh generation - Prince Pedro Luís of Orleans-Braganza - Prince Rafael of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Amélia of Orleans-Braganza Prince Pedro Henriqe of Orleans-Bragança (1909-1981), was the great-grandson of the last emperor of Brazil, Pedro II of Brazil and grandson of Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, and he successed her as the titular emperor of Brazil in 1921. ... Prince Luiz of Orleans-Bragança. ... Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza (born February 2, 1941) in Mandelieu, France, with baptism name of Bertrand Maria José Pio Januário Miguel Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga de Orleans e Bragança , is a member of Imperial House, being the third son of Prince Pedro Henrique of Orleans-Braganza and Princess Maria... Antonio of Orleans-Braganza (born June 24, 1950 in Rio de Janeiro), with the baptism name of Dom Antonio João Maria José Jorge Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orleans e Bragança e Wittelsbach, is a member of Imperial House of Brazil, being the third (according monarchists claims) in... Prince Antonio of Orleans-Braganza: current Prince of Grão-Pará of the Brazilian Imperial Family. ... The Petrópolis Branch (non-dynastic) Fourth generation - Prince Pedro of Alcantara - Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky Fifth generation - Prince Pedro Gastão of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Isabel of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Francisca of Orleans-Braganza - Prince João of Orleans-Braganza Sixth generation - Prince Pedro Carlos of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Maria da Glória of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Cristina of Orleans-Braganza - Prince Jan Sapieha-Rozánski Seventh generation - Prince Pedro Thiago of Orleans-Braganza - Princess Paula Maria Sapieha - Princess Ana Tereza Sapieha may refer to: Pedro, Prince of Grao Para Prince Pedro Gastao of Orleans-Braganza Prince Pedro Henrique of Orleans-Braganza ... Pedro Gastao, titularly 6th Prince of Grao Para, born 1913, is head of the so-called Petropolis branch of the Brazilian Imperial House and a claimant to that throne. ... Princess Isabelle of Orleans-Braganza became by marriage duchess of Orléans, of Valois, of Chartres, of Guise, of Enghien, of Vendome, of Penthievre, of Aumale, of Nemours and of Montpensier, dauphine of Auvergne, princess of Joinville, princess of Condé, etc. ...