Isabella of Jerusalem (c. 1170-1205) was Queen of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1205. She was the daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and Maria Comnena, a grandniece of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or more. ... Events December 29: Assassination of Thomas Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Canterbury cathedral Eleanor of Aquitaine leaves the court of Henry II because of a string of infidelities. ... Events January 6 - Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans April 14 - Battle of Adrianople (1205) between Bulgars and Latins August 20 - Following certain news of Baldwin Is death, Henry of Flanders is crowned Emperor of the Latin Empire Births Deaths July 13 Hubert Walter Archbishop of Canterbury... This is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291, as well as claimants to the title up to the present day. ... Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... Events January 6 - Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans April 14 - Battle of Adrianople (1205) between Bulgars and Latins August 20 - Following certain news of Baldwin Is death, Henry of Flanders is crowned Emperor of the Latin Empire Births Deaths July 13 Hubert Walter Archbishop of Canterbury... Amalric I (also Amaury or Aimery) (1136 – 1174) was king of Jerusalem from 1162 to 1174. ... Maria Comnena (c. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... Fresco of Manuel I Manuel I Comnenus Megas (November 28, 1118? - September 24, 1180) was Byzantine Emperor from 1143 to 1180. ...

She was described by the poet Ambrose as "exceedingly fair and lovely". A marriage was arranged for her with Humphrey IV of Toron in 1183, but on their wedding night the castle was attacked by the forces of Saladin. Humphrey's mother, Stephanie de Milly, sent a message to Saladin telling him of the recent wedding and reminding him of their shared history. According to the chronicler Ernoul: Ambrose (around 1190), Norman poet, and chronicler of the Third Crusade, author of a work called LEstoire de la guerre sainte, which describes in rhyming French verse the adventures of Richard Coeur de Lion as a crusader. ... Humphrey IV of Toron (c. ... Events Three-year old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan after the forced abdication of his brother Antoku during the Genpei War William of Tyre excommunicated by the newly appointed Heraclius of Jerusalem, firmly ending their struggle for power Andronicus I Comnenus becomes the Byzantine emperor Births... Saladin, king of Egypt from a 15th century illuminated manuscript; the globus in his left hand is a European symbol of kingly power. ...

"[Stephanie] sent to Saladin bread and wine, sheep and cattle in celebration of her son's wedding, reminding him that he used to carry her in his arms when she was a child and he was a slave in the castle. And when Saladin received these gifts he was exceedingly delighted and gave thanks to those who brought them to him, asking where the bride and bridegroom were staying: their tower was pointed out to him. Thereupon Saladin gave out orders throughout his army that no attack should be directed at this tower."

In 1192 later Isabella was divorced from Humphrey against her will and married Conrad of Montferrat. Conrad had argued that her marriage to Humphrey was invalid because she was underage at the time; by virtue of his marriage to Isabella, Conrad became the closest male relative to the royal family and succeeded as King of Jerusalem. He soon died under mysterious circumstances, stabbed to death by the Hashshashin, while Isabella was pregnant with the future Maria of Montferrat, and the succession to the throne was disputed. She hid herself in the city of Tyre, which was both her largest city and the best defended. Help arrived in the form of Count Henry II of Champagne, a French nobleman who was the nephew of both the King of England and the King of France. It was his uncle Richard the Lion-Hearted who sent him to Tyre as his representative. The people of Tyre were reportedly so taken by his youth and handsomeness that they shouted that he should marry their princess; Isabella herself encouraged the idea. Henry and Isabella were married in short order, while she was still pregnant with Conrad's child. Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani, a Muslim chronicler, who was present for the wedding, wrote: Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... Conrad of Montferrat was one of the major participants in the Third Crusade, and was briefly king of Jerusalem in 1192. ... This is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291, as well as claimants to the title up to the present day. ... The Hashshashin (also Hashishin), or Assassins were a religious group (some would say, a cult) of Ismaili Muslims (from the Nizari sub-sect) with a militant basis, thought to be active in the 8th to 14th centuries as a mystic secret society specialising in terrorising the Abbasid elite with fearlessly... Maria of Montferrat (c. ... Tyre (native Phoenician Ṣur, Latin Tyrus, Akkadian Ṣurru, Tiberian Hebrew צר Ṣōr, Greek Τύρος Týros, Arabic الصور aṣ-Ṣūr) is an ancient Phoenician city in Lebanon on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, about 23 miles, in a direct line, north of Acre, and 20 south of Sidon. ... Henry II of Champagne (c. ... Richard I (September 8, 1157 – April 6, 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. ...

"Henry of Champagne married the Marquis' wife on the same night, maintaining that he had first right to the dead man's wife. She was pregnant, but this did not prevent himself uniting himself with her, something even more disgusting than the coupling of the flesh. I asked one of their courtiers to whom paternity would be awarded and he said: "It will be the Queen's child." You see the licentiousness of these foul Unbelievers!"

Henry died in 1197 when he fell out of a window. They had two daughters, Alice (born 1196) and Philippa (born 1197). While married to Henry it was retroactively decided that her marriage to Humphrey was not in fact invalid, but as Humphrey had died in the meantime, Isabella was married for a fourth time to Amalric II of Jerusalem (also Amalric I of Cyprus), brother of Guy of Lusignan. He died in 1205, shortly before his wife. They had two daughters, Sybilla (born 1198) and Melisende (born 1200), and one son, Amaury (1201-1205). Events Amalric II succeeds Henry II of Champagne as king of Jerusalem. ... Alice of Jerusalem or Alice de Champagne (1196 – 1246) was the daughter of Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem and count Henry II of Champagne, king-consort Henry I of Jerusalem. ... Amalric II, king of Jerusalem from 1197 to 1205, was the brother of Guy of Lusignan. ... Guy of Lusignan (died 1194) was a French knight who, through marriage, became king of Jerusalem, and led the Kingdom to disaster at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. ... Sybilla of Lusignan was the daughter of Amalric II of Jerusalem and Isabella of Jerusalem. ...

On her death in 1205, she was succeeded by her eldest daughter Maria of Montferrat. Maria of Montferrat (c. ...

Because her eldest daughter's line went extinct, but only several generations later (in 1268), her other descendants then claimed the minimal kingdom of Jerusalem and its grandeur title, having Isabella as the pivot of their hereditary claims:

1. Hugh of Brienne, Count of Lecce. He was son of Mary of Cyprus, eldest daughter of Isabella's second surviving daughter Alice of Champagne
2. Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan, future king Hugh III of Cyprus. He was son of Isabella of Cyprus, younger daughter of Isabella's second surviving daughter Alice of Champagne
3. Mary of Antioch. She was the surviving daughter of Melisend of Cyprus, who was Isabella's fifth and youngest surviving daughter, and the only living grandchild of Isabella at that time.

Already in mid-1200's, much of the same disputes over succession had surfaced when now and then selecting the Regent of the kingdom of Jerusalem, to hold Acre, as the rightful kings (Conrad and then Conradin) were away in Europe. Hugh, Count of Brienne (b c 1240. ... Alice of Jerusalem or Alice de Champagne (1196 – 1246) was the daughter of Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem and count Henry II of Champagne, king-consort Henry I of Jerusalem. ... Hugh I of Jerusalem (Hugh III of Cyprus) (died 1284), was the son of Isabella of Cyprus (daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus) and Henry of Antioch. ... Alice of Jerusalem or Alice de Champagne (1196 – 1246) was the daughter of Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem and count Henry II of Champagne, king-consort Henry I of Jerusalem. ... Maria of Antioch pretended to the throne of Jerusalem from 1269 to 1277. ...

Sibylla of Jerusalem (c. ... Guy of Lusignan (died 1194) was a French knight who, through marriage, became king of Jerusalem, and led the Kingdom to disaster at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. ... This is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291, as well as claimants to the title up to the present day. ... Conrad of Montferrat was one of the major participants in the Third Crusade, and was briefly king of Jerusalem in 1192. ... Henry II of Champagne (c. ... Amalric II, king of Jerusalem from 1197 to 1205, was the brother of Guy of Lusignan. ... Maria of Montferrat (c. ...