NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Isabella of Castile

Isabella I of Castile (April 22, 1451 – November 26, 1504) was Queen regnant of Castile and Leon. She and her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon, laid the foundation for the political unification of Spain under their grandson, Carlos I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). Image File history File links From en. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events December 12 - Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana who was supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February 3 - Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Mehmed II. April 11 - Celje acquires market-town status and town rights by orders from the Celje count Frederic II. June 30 - French troops under the Comte de Dunois invade Guyenne and capture... Country Autonomous community Province Ãvila Municipality Madrigal de las Altas Torres Area - City 106 kmÂ² (40. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Annual temperature average: 11,6ÂºC Annual range of temperatures: 18,4ÂºC Annual precipitations: 392 mm/mÂ² Dry months: June, July, August and September Months with average temperatures under 0ÂºC: none Climate: MEDITERRANEAN CONTINENTALIZED // Introduction Medina del Campo is a small town located in the middle of de... The Capilla Real, or Royal Chapel, in Granada is a mausoleum that houses the remains of the Catholic Kings (Spanish: ), Don Fernando de AragÃ³n and DoÃ±a Isabel de Castilla. ... For other uses, see Granada (disambiguation). ... Henry IV of Castile Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474), King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. ... Joanna of Castile Joanna (Spanish: Juana) (November 6, 1479 â€“ April 12, 1555), called Juana the Mad (Juana La Loca), queen of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, and was born at Toledo on... Ferdinand V of Castile & II of Aragon the Catholic (Spanish: , Catalan: , Aragonese: ; March 10, 1452 â€“ January 23, 1516) was king of Aragon (1479â€“1516), Castile, Sicily (1468â€“1516), Naples (1504â€“1516), Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Isabella of Asturias (1470â€“1498) was the Queen Consort of Portugal and the eldest daughter and heiress presumptive of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile. ... Francisco Pradilla Ortizs painting Cortejo del bautizo del PrÃncipe Don Juan, hijo de los Reyes CatÃ³licos, por las calles de Sevilla (Retinue of the Baptism of Don Juan, son of the Catholic Monarchs, Along the Streets of Seville), 1910 Infante don Juan de Trastamare de Aragon y... Joanna of Castile Joanna (Spanish: Juana) (November 6, 1479 â€“ April 12, 1555), called Juana the Mad (Juana La Loca), queen of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, and was born at Toledo on... Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal Maria of Aragon (Mary of Aragon or Mary of Spain or even Mary of Castile) (June 29, 1482 - March 7, 1517) was an Aragonese princess, second wife of Portuguese King Manuel I and because of that queen consort of Portugal from 1500 until her... Katherine of Aragon (AlcalÃ¡ de Henares, 16 December 1485 â€“ 7 January 1536), Castilian Infanta Catalina de AragÃ³n y Castilla, also known popularly after her time as Catherine of Aragon, was the first wife and Queen Consort of Henry VIII of England. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 503 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1016 Ã— 1211 pixel, file size: 145 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The House of TrastÃ¡mara was a dynasty of kings, of Spanish origin, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, in AragÃ³n from 1412 to 1516, in Navarre from 1425 to 1479, and in Naples from 1442 to 1501. ... Juan II (March 6, 1405 â€“ July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The House of TrastÃ¡mara was a dynasty of kings, of Spanish origin, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, in AragÃ³n from 1412 to 1516, in Navarre from 1425 to 1479, and in Naples from 1442 to 1501. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 503 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1016 Ã— 1211 pixel, file size: 145 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Henry of Trastamara (January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) (Enrique de TrastÃ¡mara), was the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Leonora de Guzman, and half brother to Pedro I the Cruel (or the Lawful, depending on who wrote the history). ... John I (August 24, 1358 â€“ October 9, 1390) (in Spanish: Juan I) was the king of Castile, was the son of Henry II and of his wife Joan, daughter of John Manuel of Villena, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile. ... Eleanor of Castile (after 1363-27 February 1416) was an infanta of Castile and the Queen consort of Navarre. ... John I (August 24, 1358 â€“ October 9, 1390) (in Spanish: Juan I) was the king of Castile, was the son of Henry II and of his wife Joan, daughter of John Manuel of Villena, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile. ... Henry III (October 4, 1379 â€” 1406), sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Spanish: Enrique el Doliente) was the son of John I and succeeded him as King of Castile and LeÃ³n in 1390. ... Ferdinand I (of AragÃ³n and Sicily), called The Just (27 November 1380 â€“ 2 April 1416) was King of AragÃ³n and Sicily from 1412 to 1416. ... Henry III (October 4, 1379 â€” 1406), sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Spanish: Enrique el Doliente) was the son of John I and succeeded him as King of Castile and LeÃ³n in 1390. ... Juan II (March 6, 1405 â€“ July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454. ... Maria of Castile (1401â€“1458) was a daughter of Henry III of Castile and Catherine of Lancaster. ... Juan II (March 6, 1405 â€“ July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454. ... Henry IV of Castile Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474), King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. ... Infante don Alfonso de Trastamare y Aviz, Prince of Asturias (1453-68) was the figurehead of rebelling magnates against his brother Henry IV of Castile. ... Henry IV of Castile Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474), King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. ... Portrait of Joan the Beltraneja. ... Ferdinand V of Castile & II of Aragon the Catholic (Spanish: , Catalan: , Aragonese: ; March 10, 1452 â€“ January 23, 1516) was king of Aragon (1479â€“1516), Castile, Sicily (1468â€“1516), Naples (1504â€“1516), Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Isabella of Asturias (1470â€“1498) was the Queen Consort of Portugal and the eldest daughter and heiress presumptive of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile. ... Francisco Pradilla Ortizs painting Cortejo del bautizo del PrÃncipe Don Juan, hijo de los Reyes CatÃ³licos, por las calles de Sevilla (Retinue of the Baptism of Don Juan, son of the Catholic Monarchs, Along the Streets of Seville), 1910 Infante don Juan de Trastamare de Aragon y... Joanna of Aragon and Castile (Spanish: Juana de AragÃ³n y de Castilla) (November 6, 1479 â€“ April 12, 1555), called Joanna the Mad (Juana La Loca), Queen regnant of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand, king of Aragon, and Isabella... Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal Maria of Aragon (Mary of Aragon or Mary of Spain or even Mary of Castile) (June 29, 1482 - March 7, 1517) was an Aragonese princess, second wife of Portuguese King Manuel I and because of that queen consort of Portugal from 1500 until her... Katherine of Aragon (AlcalÃ¡ de Henares, 16 December 1485 â€“ 7 January 1536), Castilian Infanta Catalina de AragÃ³n y Castilla, also known popularly after her time as Catherine of Aragon, was the first wife and Queen Consort of Henry VIII of England. ... Infante Miguel da Paz de TrastÃ¡mara e Avis (1498â€“1500, pron. ... Joanna of Aragon and Castile (Spanish: Juana de AragÃ³n y de Castilla) (November 6, 1479 â€“ April 12, 1555), called Joanna the Mad (Juana La Loca), Queen regnant of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand, king of Aragon, and Isabella... Philip the Handsome (July 22, 1478 â€“ September 25, 1506; Spanish: ; German: ; French: ) was the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. Through his mother Mary of Burgundy he inherited the greater part of the Burgundian state the Burgundian Netherlands and through his wife Joanna the Mad he briefly succeeded... Eleanor of Habsburg Eleanor of Habsburg, also called Leonor of Castile or Eleanor of Austria (November 15, 1498 â€“ February 25, 1558) was born Archduchess of Austria and Infanta of Castile, became subsequently in turn queen consort of Portugal (1518â€“1521) and of France, also duchess of Touraine (1547â€“1558) as... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... Isabella of Hapsburg Isabella of Habsburg (also known as Isabella or Elisabeth of Burgundy, of Austria, or of Castile (18 July 1501â€“19 January 1526), Archduchess of Austria, Infanta of Spain and Princess of Burgundy by birth and Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage, was the daughter of Philip... Ferdinand in 1531, the year of his election as King of the Romans Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 â€“ 25 July 1564) was an Austrian monarch from the House of Habsburg. ... Mary of Habsburg Mary of Habsburg, also named Mary, Maria, or Marie of Hungary, of Austria, of Castile, or of Burgundy (18 September 1505 â€“ 18 October 1558) was the Queen consort of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, and later governor of the Netherlands for her nephew, Emperor Charles V... Catherine of Habsburg, also called Catherine of Austria, Catherine of Burgundy or Catherine of Castile (14 January 1507â€“ 12 February 1578) was Queen consort of Portugal. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February 3 - Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Mehmed II. April 11 - Celje acquires market-town status and town rights by orders from the Celje count Frederic II. June 30 - French troops under the Comte de Dunois invade Guyenne and capture... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of kings and queens of Castile. ... Ferdinand V of Castile & II of Aragon the Catholic (Spanish: , Catalan: , Aragonese: ; March 10, 1452 â€“ January 23, 1516) was king of Aragon (1479â€“1516), Castile, Sicily (1468â€“1516), Naples (1504â€“1516), Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ...

The Castilian version of her name was Ysabel (Isabel in modern spelling), which traces etymologically to Hebrew Elisth or 'Elizabeth'. In Germanic countries, she is usually known by the Italian form of her name, 'Isabella'. Likewise, her husband is Fernando in Spanish, but Ferdinand in other languages. The official inscription on their tomb renders their names in Latin as "Helizabeth" and "Fernandus". This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Elizabeth or Elisabeth is the Greek form Î•Î»Î¹Ïƒ(Ïƒ)Î¬Î²ÎµÏ„ Elis(s)avet of the Hebrew Elisheva, meaning my God is an oath or perhaps my God is abundance. ...

Pope Alexander VI named Ferdinand and Isabella "The Catholic Monarchs" (In Spanish, "los Reyes Católicos"). She is also known as Isabel la Católica. Alexander VI, né Rodrigo Borgia (January 1, 1431 - August 18, 1503) pope (1492-1503), is the most memorable of the secular popes of the Renaissance. ... Ferdinand on the left with Isabella on the right Coffins of the Catholic Monarchs at the Granada Cathedral The Catholic Monarchs (Spanish: los Reyes CatÃ³licos) is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... Madonna of the Catholic Monarchs, painted ca 1490â€“95; Ferdinand and the infante Juan are at the Madonnas right hand (with the Inquisitor), Isabella at the left The Catholic Monarchs (Spanish: Reyes CatÃ³licos) is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King...

Isabella was the last monarch of the Trastámara dynasty established by Henry II of Castile. The House of TrastÃ¡mara was a dynasty of kings in the Iberian Peninsula, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, in AragÃ³n from 1412 to 1516, in Navarre from 1425 to 1479, and in Naples from 1442 to 1501. ... Henry of Trastamara (January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) (Enrique de TrastÃ¡mara), was the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Leonora de Guzman, and half brother to Pedro I the Cruel (or the Lawful, depending on who wrote the history). ...

Isabella and Ferdinand expelled the Jews from Spain and made the Inquisition into a powerful institution whose main victims were Catholics of Jewish or Moorish ancestry. However, like a part of Iberians in general and most of Iberian nobility, she had some Jewish ancestry: three of her great-great-grandparents had Iberian (Sephardic) Jewish roots.^[1] Spaniard redirects here. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... In the strictest sense, a Sephardi (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Səfardim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm) is a Jew original to the...

Early years

Isabella was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torres on April 22, 1451. Her brother Alfonso was born three years later. When her father, John II, died in 1454, her much older half-brother Henry IV became king. As soon as he ascended to the throne, he sequestered his half-siblings to Segovia and his stepmother to Arévalo, in virtual exile. Country Autonomous community Province Ãvila Municipality Madrigal de las Altas Torres Area - City 106 kmÂ² (40. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February 3 - Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Mehmed II. April 11 - Celje acquires market-town status and town rights by orders from the Celje count Frederic II. June 30 - French troops under the Comte de Dunois invade Guyenne and capture... Juan II (March 6, 1405 â€“ July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454. ... Year 1454 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Henry IV of Castile Enrique IV (5 January 1425 - 11 December 1474), King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. ... Sequestration, the act of removing, separating or seizing anything from the possession of its owner, particularly in law, of the taking possession of property under process of law for the benefit of creditors or the state. ... The factual accuracy of part of this article is disputed. ... 30% Translation In Progress ----- ArÃ©valo ArÃ©valo ---- (more info) Stage 2 : In Progress (How-to) I can provide a basic translation but not much more than that. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ...

Henry IV, whose first marriage to Blanca of Navarre was not consummated and had been annulled, remarried to have his own offspring. He then married Joana of Portugal. His wife gave birth to Joan, princess of Castile. When Isabella was about ten, she and her brother were summoned to the court, to be under more direct supervision and control by the king. In the Representation of Burgos the nobles challenged the King; among other items, they demanded that Alfonso, Isabella's brother, should be named the heir to the kingdom. Henry agreed, provided Alfonso would marry his daughter, Joan. A few days later, he changed his mind. There are several persons named Blanca of Navarre: Blanca of Navarre (daughter of Garcia VI), wife of King Sancho III of Castile, died 1156 Blanca of Navarre (daughter of Sancho VI), also Blanche de Navarre, died 1229 This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages... Joan of Portugal (Portuguese: Joana, pron. ... Portrait of Joan the Beltraneja. ...

The nobles, now in control of Alfonso and claiming him to be the true heir, clashed with Henry's forces at the Battle of Olmedo in 1467. The battle was a draw. One year later, Alfonso died at the age of fourteen, and Isabella became the hope of the rebelling nobles. But she refused their advances, acknowledging instead Henry as king, and he, in turn, recognized her as the legitimate heir in the Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando, rather than Joan whose paternal origin was in dispute. In 1475, Joan married her uncle, the King of Portugal, but their marriage was later annulled by the Pope because of their family relation. Henry tried to get Isabella married to a number of persons of his choice, yet she evaded all these propositions. Instead she chose Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Aragon. They were married October 19, 1469 in Valladolid. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 309 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (528 Ã— 1024 pixel, file size: 373 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Statue of Isabella of Castile, the Catholic (1451â€“1504), at the Sabatini Gardens in Madrid (Spain). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 309 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (528 Ã— 1024 pixel, file size: 373 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Statue of Isabella of Castile, the Catholic (1451â€“1504), at the Sabatini Gardens in Madrid (Spain). ... Sabatini Gardens, ca. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... 1753 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Events October 29 - Battle of Brusthem: Charles the Bold defeats Liege Beginning of the Sengoku Period in Japan. ... The Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando (Spanish: Tratado de los Toros de Guisando) is the name of a treaty agreed on top of the hill of Guisando near the Bulls of Guisando (located in El Tiemblo, Ãvila, Spain) on September 18, 1468, between Henry IV of Castile and his... Ferdinand V of Castile & II of Aragon the Catholic (Spanish: , Catalan: , Aragonese: ; March 10, 1452 â€“ January 23, 1516) was king of Aragon (1479â€“1516), Castile, Sicily (1468â€“1516), Naples (1504â€“1516), Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Capital Zaragoza Official language(s) Spanish Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th 47,719 kmÂ² 9. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events July 26 - Battle of Edgecote Moor October 17 - Prince Ferdinand of Aragon wed princess Isabella of Castile. ...

Accession

When Henry IV died on December 10, 1474, Isabella acted quickly. She rightfully inherited the throne of Castile. While she and Ferdinand began to reorganize the court, Afonso V of Portugal crossed the border and declared Joanna the rightful heir. The War of the Castilian Succession had begun. Ferdinand beat the invaders back at the Battle of Toro in 1476, and the challenge to the crown of Castile was rejected. In a series of separate marches, Ferdinand and Isabella went on to subjugate renegade and rebellious towns, fortresses, and points of power that had developed over time. In 1479, Ferdinand's father then died, and they became rulers of Aragon. In 1480, the couple assembled the Cortes of Toledo where, under their supervision, five royal councils and 34 civilian representatives produced a codex of laws and edicts as the legal groundwork for the future Spain. This established the centralization of power with the royals and set the basis for economic and judicial rehabilitation of the country. As part of this reform, and in their attempt to unify the country, Ferdinand and Isabella solicited Pope Sixtus IV to authorize the Inquisition. In 1483, Tomás de Torquemada became the first Inquisitor General in Seville. is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events December 12 - Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana who was supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal. ... Afonso V of Portugal, Conqueror of African strongholds Afonso V, King of Portugal KG (Portuguese pron. ... The War of the Castilian Succession (or the Second Castilian Civil War) was fought from 1475 to 1479 between the two claimaints to succeed Henry IV on the Castilian throne: Juana la Beltraneja, supported by Alfonso V of Portugal and Louis XI of France, and Isabella, supported by Ferdinand the... Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. ... Events January 20 - Ferdinand II ascends the throne of Aragon and rules together with his wife Isabella, queen of Castile over most of the Iberian peninsula. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... Sixtus IV, born Francesco della Rovere (July 21, 1414 - August 12, 1484) was Pope from 1471 to 1484, essentially a Renaissance prince, the Sixtus of the Sistine Chapel where the team of artists he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance to Rome with a masterpiece. ... Grand Inquisitor TomÃ¡s de Torquemada â€œTorquemadaâ€ redirects here. ... A translation of the Latin Inquisitor Generalis, meaning the leading official of an Inquisition. ... For other uses, see Seville (disambiguation). ...

The events of 1492

1492 was an important year for Isabella: seeing the conquest of Granada and hence the end of the 'Reconquista' (reconquest), her successful patronage of Christopher Columbus, and her expulsion of the Jews. Also film, 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... For other uses, see Granada (disambiguation). ... For other senses of this word, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... Christopher Columbus (1451 â€“ May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer and one of the first Europeans to explore the Americas after the Vikings. ...

Granada

The Kingdom of Granada had been held by the Nasrids dynasty.Protected by natural barriers and fortified towns, it had withstood the long process of the reconquista. However, in contrast to the determined leadership by Isabella and Ferdinand, Granada's leadership was divided and never presented a united front. It took ten years to conquer Granada, culminating in 1492. For other uses, see Granada (disambiguation). ... The Nasrid dynasty or Banu Nasri (Arabic: ) was the last Muslim dynasty in Spain. ... For other senses of this word, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ...

When the Spaniards, early on, captured Boabdil (Sultan of Granada) they set him free - for a ransom - so that he could return to Granada and resume his reign. The Spanish monarchs recruited soldiers from many European countries and improved their artillery with the latest and best cannons. Systematically, they proceeded to take the kingdom piece by piece. Often Isabella would inspire her followers and soldiers by praying in the middle of, or close to, the battle field, that God's will may be done. In 1485 they laid siege to Ronda, which surrendered after extensive bombardment. The following year, Loja was taken, and again Boabdil was captured and released. One year later, with the fall of Málaga, the western part of the Muslim Nasrid kingdom had fallen into Spanish hands. The eastern province succumbed after the fall of Baza in 1489. The siege of Granada began in the spring of 1491. When the Spanish camp was destroyed by an accidental fire, the camp was rebuilt, in stone, in the form of a cross, painted white, and named Santa Fe (i.e. 'Holy Faith'). At the end of the year, Boabdil surrendered. On January 2, 1492 Isabel and Ferdinand entered Granada to receive the keys of the city and the principal mosque was reconsecrated as a church. The Treaty of Granada signed later that year was to assure religious rights to the Islamic believers - but it did not last. The Capitulation of Granada, by F. Padilla: Boabdil confronts Ferdinand and Isabella The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... The Capitulation of Granada, by F. Padilla: Boabdil confronts Ferdinand and Isabella The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Sword of Boabdil Boabdil (a corruption of the name Abu Abdullah, or, in full, Abu abd Allah Muhammad XII, Arabic: â€Ž) (1460?â€“1527) was the last Moorish king of Granada (of the Nasrid dynasty). ... Year 1485 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar). ... Ronda sits at the edge of a canyon Ronda city view Ronda is a city in the Spanish province of Málaga. ... Location Location of Loja Coordinates : Time zone : General information Native name Loja (Spanish) Spanish name Loja Postal code 183XX Website http://www. ... Location of MÃ¡laga Municipality Government - Mayor Francisco de la Torre Prados Area - Total 385. ... Nasrid is the name referring to the royal dynasty that ruled the kingdom of Granada in southern Spain from the mid 13th century to the 15th century, which is considered to be one of the longest Islamic dynasties in the history of Islamic Spain. ... Baza is a town in the province of Granada in southern Spain, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... // Events December 6 - King Charles VIII marries Anne de Bretagne, thus incorporating Brittany into the kingdom of France. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also film, 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... The Treaty of Granada was a treaty ratified on 25 November of 1491 between the king of Granada AbÃº `Abd Allah Muhammad Boabdil and King and Queen of Castille, Leon, AragÃ³n and Sicily. ...

Columbus

Queen Isabella rejected Christopher Columbus's plan to reach the Indies by sailing west three times before changing her mind. His conditions (the position of Admiral; governorship for him and his descendants of lands to be discovered; and ten percent of the profits) were met. On August 3, his expedition departed and arrived in America on October 12. He returned the next year and presented his findings to the monarchs, bringing natives and gold under a hero's welcome. Spain entered a Golden Age of exploration and colonization. In 1494, by the Treaty of Tordesillas, Isabella and Ferdinand divided the Earth, outside of Europe, with king John II of Portugal. Image File history File links Columbian15c. ... Image File history File links Columbian15c. ... Christopher Columbus (1451 â€“ May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer and one of the first Europeans to explore the Americas after the Vikings. ... The Indies, on the display globe of the Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term used to describe lands of South and Southeast Asia, occupying all of the former British India, the present Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the Maldives... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Explorer redirects here. ... The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spains conquest, settlement, and rule over much of the western hemisphere from 1492-1898. ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cantino planisphere of 1502 depicting the meridian designated by the treaty. ... John II of Portugal JoÃ£o II of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ...

Isabella tried to defend the American aborigines against the abuse of the colonists. In 1503, she established the Secretary of Indian Affairs, which later became the Supreme Council of the Indies. Aboriginal Americans (or alternatively, American Aborigines) are the aboriginal (original residents) peoples of the Americas. ... The Consejo de Indias (Council of the Indies), in full the Real y Supremo Consejo de Indias (Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies) was the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire, both in administering the Americas and in the Philippines, combining legislative, executive and judicial functions. ...

Expulsion of the Jews and Muslims

With the institution of the Roman Catholic Inquisition in Spain, and with the Dominican friar Tomás de Torquemada as the first Inquisitor General, the Catholic Monarchs pursued a policy of religious unity. Though Isabella opposed taking harsh measures against Jews on economic grounds, Torquemada was able to convince Ferdinand. On March 31, 1492, the Alhambra Decree for the expulsion of the Jews was issued (See main article on Inquisition). Approximately 200,000 people left Spain. Others converted, often only to be persecuted further by the Inquisition investigating Judaizing conversos (Marranos). The Muslims of the newly conquered Granada had been initially granted religious freedom, but pressure to convert increased, and after some revolts, a policy of forced expulsion or conversion was also instituted in 1502 (see Moriscos). Laudare, Benedicere, Praedicare (Praise, Bless, Preach) Saint Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization to address the needs of his time, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities... Grand Inquisitor TomÃ¡s de Torquemada â€œTorquemadaâ€ redirects here. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also film, 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... â€¹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... This article is about one of the historical Inquisitions. ... The term marrano refers to the Sephardim, Jews from the Iberian peninsula, who were forced to adopt the identity of Christians, either through coercion as consequence of the cruel persecution of Jews by the Spanish Inquisition, or for forms sake, and became Catholic converts. ... Morisco (Spanish Moor-like) or mourisco (Portuguese) is a term referring to a kind of New Christian in Spain and Portugal. ...

Later years

Isabella received with her husband the title of Reina Católica by Pope Alexander VI, a pope of whose secularism Isabella did not approve. Along with the physical unification of Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand embarked on a process of spiritual unification, trying to bring the country under one faith (Roman Catholicism). As part of this process, the Inquisition became institutionalized. After an uprising in 1499, the Treaty of Granada was broken in 1502 and Muslims were forced to either be baptized or to be expelled. Isabella's confessor, Cisneros, was named Archbishop of Toledo. He was instrumental in a program of rehabilitation of the religious institutions of Spain, laying the groundwork for the later Counter-Reformation. As Chancellor, he exerted more and more power. The Catholic monarchs (Spanish: Reyes Católicos) is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â€“ 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... 1499 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Treaty of Granada was a treaty ratified on 25 November of 1491 between the king of Granada AbÃº `Abd Allah Muhammad Boabdil and King and Queen of Castille, Leon, AragÃ³n and Sicily. ... 1502 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cisneros (sitting) directs the construction of the Hospital of the Charity. ... For other uses, see Toledo (disambiguation). ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ...

Isabella and her husband had created an empire and in later years were consumed with administration and politics; they were concerned with the succession and worked to link the Spanish crown to the other rulers in Europe. Politically this can be seen in attempts to outflank France and to unite the Iberian peninsula. By early 1497 all the pieces seemed to be in place: Don Juan, the Crown Prince, married Margaret of Austria, establishing the connection to the Habsburgs. The eldest daughter, Infanta Isabella, married Manuel I of Portugal, and the Infanta Juana was married to another Habsburg prince, Philip of Burgundy. However, Isabella's plans for her children did not work out. Juan died shortly after his marriage. Isabella, Princess of Asturias died in childbirth and her son Miguel died at the age of two. Queen Isabella's titles passed to her daughter Joan the Mad (Juana la Loca) whose marriage to Philip the Handsome was troubled. Isabella died in 1504 in Medina del Campo, before Philip and Ferdinand became enemies. Image File history File links QueenIsabellasWill. ... Image File history File links QueenIsabellasWill. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Francisco Pradilla Ortizs painting Cortejo del bautizo del PrÃncipe Don Juan, hijo de los Reyes CatÃ³licos, por las calles de Sevilla (Retinue of the Baptism of Don Juan, son of the Catholic Monarchs, Along the Streets of Seville), 1910 Infante don Juan de Trastamare de Aragon y... The name Margaret of Austria belongs to several notable historical figures, including the following: Margaret of Austria (d. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Infanta dona Isabel, Princess of Asturias (1851â€“1931), was twice the recognized heir to the throne of Spain. ... Manuel I of Portugal (pron. ... Joanna of Castile Joanna (Spanish: Juana) (November 6, 1479 â€“ April 12, 1555), called Juana the Mad (Juana La Loca), queen of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, and was born at Toledo on... Philip I (July 22, 1478 — September 25, 1506), sometimes called Philip the Handsome (Felipe el Hermoso) was king of Castile, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and husband of Joanna the Mad, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, was the founder of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain. ... Infanta dona Isabel, Princess of Asturias (1851â€“1931), was twice the recognized heir to the throne of Spain. ... Infante Miguel da Paz de TrastÃ¡mara e Avis (1498â€“1500, pron. ... Joanna of Castile Joanna (Spanish: Juana) (November 6, 1479 â€“ April 12, 1555), called Juana the Mad (Juana La Loca), queen of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain, and was born at Toledo on... Philip I (July 22, 1478 — September 25, 1506), sometimes called Philip the Handsome (Felipe el Hermoso) was king of Castile, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and husband of Joanna the Mad, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, was the founder of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Annual temperature average: 11,6ÂºC Annual range of temperatures: 18,4ÂºC Annual precipitations: 392 mm/mÂ² Dry months: June, July, August and September Months with average temperatures under 0ÂºC: none Climate: MEDITERRANEAN CONTINENTALIZED // Introduction Medina del Campo is a small town located in the middle of de...

Isabella is entombed in Granada in the Capilla Real, which was built by her grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (Carlos I of Spain), alongside her husband Ferdinand, her daughter Juana and Juana's husband Philip; and Isabella's 2-year old grandson, Miguel (the son of Isabella's daughter, also named Isabella, and King Manuel of Portugal). The museum next to the Capilla Real houses her crown and scepter. For other uses, see Granada (disambiguation). ... The Capilla Real, or Royal Chapel, in Granada is a mausoleum that houses the remains of the Catholic Kings (Spanish: ), Don Fernando de AragÃ³n and DoÃ±a Isabel de Castilla. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... Crown names several entities associated with monarchy: A crown (headgear), the headgear worn by a monarch, other high dignitaries, divinities etcetera. ... A sceptre or scepter is an ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch, a prominent item of kingly regalia. ...

Influence

Isabella and her husband established a highly effective coregency under equal terms. They utilized a prenuptial agreement to lay down their terms. During their reign they supported each other effectively in accordance to their joint motto of equality: Tanto monta, monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando ("They amount to the same, Isabella and Ferdinand"). In addition to her sponsorship of Columbus, Isabella was also the principal sponsor of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, the greatest military genius and innovator of the age. Isabella and Ferdinand's achievements are remarkable - Spain was united, the crown power was centralized, the reconquista was successfully concluded, the groundwork for the most dominant military machine of the next century and a half was laid, a legal framework was created, the church reformed. Even without the benefit of the American expansion, Spain would have been a major European power. Columbus' discovery set the country on the course for the first modern world power. Gonzalo FernÃ¡ndez de CÃ³rdoba. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Isabella and contemporary politics and religion

In the twentieth century, the regime of Francisco Franco claimed the prestige of the Catholic Monarchs. As a result, Isabella was despised by those opposed to Franco. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... â€œFrancoâ€ redirects here. ...

Some Catholics from diferent countries have attempted to have Isabella declared as Blessed, with the aim of later having her canonized as a Saint. Their justification is that Isabella was a protector of the Spanish poor and of the American Indians from the rapacity of the Spanish nobility; in addition, miracles have reportedly been attributed to her. This movement has met with opposition from Jewish organizations, Liberation theologians and Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger, due to the fact that Isabella had many Moors killed after her entrance to Cordoba. In 1974, Pope Paul VI opened her cause for beatification. This places her on the path toward possible sainthood. In the Catholic Church, she is thus titled Servant of God. Blessed may refer to: The state of having received a blessing. ... This article is about the process of declaring saints. ... Native Americans redirects here. ... For other uses, see Miracle (disambiguation). ... Liberation theology is a school of theology within the Catholic Church that focuses on Jesus Christ as not only the Redeemer but also the Liberator of the oppressed. ... Jean-Marie Lustiger (French pronunciation: ; September 17, 1926 â€“ August 5, 2007)[1] [2] was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Location Coordinates : , , Time zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer : CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name CÃ³rdoba (Spanish) Spanish name CÃ³rdoba Founded 8th century BC Postal code 140xx Website http://www. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ... Servant of God is the title given to a person of the Roman Catholic Church upon whom a pope has opened a cause of sainthood. ...

Isabella was the first named woman to appear on a United States coin, an 1893 commemorative quarter, celebrating the 400th anniversary of Columbus's first voyage. In the same year she was the first woman to be featured on U.S. postal stamps, namely on three stamps of the Columbian Issue, also in celebration of Columbus. She appears in the Spanish court scene replicated on the 15-cent Columbian (above), on the $ 1 issue, and in full portrait, side by side with Columbus, on the $4 Columbian, the only stamp of that denomination ever issued and one which collectors prize not only for its rarity (only 30,000 were printed) but its beauty, an exquisite carmine with some copies having a crimson hue. Mint specimens of this commemorative have been sold for more than $20,000. Commemorative coinage of the United States consists of coins that have been minted to commemorate a particular event, person or organization. ... Christopher Columbus (1451 â€“ May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer and one of the first Europeans to explore the Americas after the Vikings. ... The 2Â¢ Landing of Columbus is the most common stamp of the Columbian Issue The Columbian Issue, often simply called the Columbians, is a set of 16 postage stamps issued by the United States to mark the 1893 World Columbian Exposition held in Chicago. ...

Isabella in popular culture

Lope de Vega Lope de Vega (also FÃ©lix Lope de Vega Carpio or Lope FÃ©lix de Vega Carpio) (25 November 1562 â€“ 27 August 1635) was a Spanish playwright and poet. ... Lope de Vega Fuente Ovejuna is a play by the Spanish playwright, Lope de Vega. ... Events June 23 - Henry Hudsons crew maroons him, his son and 7 others in a boat November 1 - At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeares romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time. ... Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ... Philippa Gregory (born 9 January 1954) is a British novelist, mainly associated with the historical fiction genre. ... The Royal Diaries is a series of twenty books published by Scholastic Press from 1999 to 2005. ... Carolyn Meyer (b. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Ahmed Salman Rushdie (Devanagari : à¤…à¤–à¤¼à¥à¤®à¤¦ à¤¸à¤²à¥à¤®à¤¾à¤¨ à¤°à¤¶à¥à¤¦à¥€ Nastaliq:; born 19 June 1947) is an Indian-British novelist and essayist. ... La Faraona Lola Flores, born January 21, 1923 in Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain - died May 16, 1995, was a singer, dancer, and actress. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Sigourney Weaver (born Susan Alexandra Weaver on October 8, 1949 in New York City) is an Oscar-nominated American actress. ... Sir Ridley Scott (born November 30, 1937 in South Shields, South Tyneside) is a British film director and producer. ... 1492: Conquest of Paradise is a 1992 American/Spanish adventure/drama film. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Rachel Weisz (born March 7, 1971) is an Academy Award-winning English film and television actress. ... Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. ... For the comic book based on this films early script, see The Fountain (graphic novel). ... Sid Meiers Civilization IV (Civilization IV or Civ4) is a turn-based strategy computer game released in 2005 and developed by lead designer Soren Johnson under the direction of Sid Meier and Meiers studio Firaxis Games. ... An anachronous map of the overseas Spanish Empire (1492-1898) in red, and the Spanish Habsburg realms in Europe (1516-1714) in orange. ... Age of Empires III (also called AoE III) is a real-time strategy (RTS) game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft. ...

Ancestors

Juan II (March 6, 1405 â€“ July 20, 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454. ... Henry III (October 4, 1379 â€” 1406), sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Spanish: Enrique el Doliente) was the son of John I and succeeded him as King of Castile and LeÃ³n in 1390. ... John I (August 24, 1358 â€“ October 9, 1390) (in Spanish: Juan I) was the king of Castile, was the son of Henry II and of his wife Joan, daughter of John Manuel of Villena, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile. ... Henry of Trastamara (January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) (Enrique de TrastÃ¡mara), was the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Leonora de Guzman, and half brother to Pedro I the Cruel (or the Lawful, depending on who wrote the history). ... Juana Manuel of Castile (1339 â€” 27 March 1381) was from 1369 the Queen consort of Castile. ... Eleanor of Aragon (20 January 1358 â€“ 13 August 1382) was a daughter of King Peter IV of Aragon and his wife Eleanor of Sicily. ... Peter IV of Aragon (1319-1387), king of Aragon (1336-1387), the Ceremonious or el del punyalet (the one of the little dagger). ... Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Catherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372/1373 â€“ 2 June 1418) was the daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his second wife, Constance of Castile. ... John of Gaunt John of Gaunt John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (March 6, 1340 â€“ February 3, 1399) was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. ... This article is about the King of England. ... Philippa of Hainault Philippa of Hainault (~1314 - August 15, 1369) was the Queen consort of Edward III of England. ... this should be made as an disambiguation page. ... Pedro of Castile Peter (or Pedro; August 30, 1334â€“March 23, 1369), sometimes called the Cruel (el Cruel) or the Lawful (el Justiciero), was the king of Castile from 1350 to 1369. ... MarÃa de Padilla (1334 â€“ August 1361) was the mistress of Pedro I, King of Castile, whom she married in secret in 1353. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... John of Portugal (Portuguese: JoÃ£o, pron. ... Joao I KG (Portugues: JoÃ£o, IPA pron. ... Pedro I of Portugal (pron. ... Philippa of Lancaster (1359 - July 19, 1415) was an English princess, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster by his wife and cousin Blanche of Lancaster. ... John of Gaunt John of Gaunt John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (March 6, 1340 â€“ February 3, 1399) was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. ... Blanche of Lancaster (March 25, 1345 - September 12, 1369) was an English noblewoman, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster by his wife Isabel de Beaumont. ... Afonso I, Duke of Braganza (1377-1461; pron. ... Joao I KG (Portugues: JoÃ£o, IPA pron. ... NunÃlvares Pereira 1360-1431 Blessed Nuno Ãlvares Pereira (1360-1431), also spelled NunÃlvares Pereira, was a Portuguese General of great success with an decisive role in the 1383-1385 Crisis that assured Portugals independence of Castile. ...

Notes

^ The founder of Trastamara dynasty Henry II of Castile was a son of Castilian King Alfonso XI and his mistress of Jewish converso origin Eleanor of Guzman; his grandson Henry III of Castile married Katherine of Lancaster whose mother was a daughter of Castilian King Pedro the Cruel and his Jewish converso mistress/wife Maria de Padilla: Ines Pirez, a mistress of John I of Portugal and mother of Afonso, 1st Duke of Braganza was a Jewish converso; finally all royal families of Iberia and consequently, most of European royalty descended by female lines from the first Navarrese dynasty which was in part of Iberian Jewish descent, that includes Isabella's Castilian ancestors Alfonso XI and Pedro the Cruel, John I of Portugal, John of Gaunt, Eleanor of Aragon. etc. Peggy K. Liss, "Isabel the Queen," New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 165; Norman Roth, "Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain," Madison, WI, The University of Wisconsin Press, 1995,p. 150; Isabel Violante Pereira, De Mendo da Guarda a D.Manuel I, Lisboa, 2001, Livros Horizonte; James Reston, Jr. "Dogs of God," New York: Doubleday, 2005, p. 18.

Henry of Trastamara (January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) (Enrique de TrastÃ¡mara), was the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Leonora de Guzman, and half brother to Pedro I the Cruel (or the Lawful, depending on who wrote the history). ... Alfonso XI of Castile (August 13, 1311 _ March 26/27, 1350) was the king of Castile and León, the son of Spain in 1340. ... Eleanor of Guzman (1310 - 1351) was a mistress of King Alfonso XI of Castile. ... Henry III (October 4, 1379 â€” 1406), sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Spanish: Enrique el Doliente) was the son of John I and succeeded him as King of Castile and LeÃ³n in 1390. ... Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Catherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372/1373 â€“ 2 June 1418) was the daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his second wife, Constance of Castile. ... Peter I (August 30, 1334 – March 23, 1369; Spanish: Pedro I), sometimes known as Peter the Cruel or Pedro the Cruel, was the king of Castile from 1350 to 1369. ... Maria de Padilla was the mistress of the Peter I, King of Castille. ... Joao I KG (Portugues: JoÃ£o, IPA pron. ... Afonso I, Duke of Braganza (1377-1461; pron. ... Arista Records was founded in 1975 by Clive Davis, and named after his secondary school honor society. ... John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (June 24, 1340 - February 3, 1399), the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, gained his name because he was born at Ghent in 1340. ... Eleanor of Aragon (20 January 1358 â€“ 13 August 1382) was a daughter of King Peter IV of Aragon and his wife Eleanor of Sicily. ... James Reston Jr. ...

References

Contents

Early years

Accession

The events of 1492

Granada

Columbus

Expulsion of the Jews and Muslims

Later years

Influence

Isabella and contemporary politics and religion

Isabella in popular culture

Ancestors

Notes

References

See also

External links

Contents

Early years var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

Accession

The events of 1492

Granada

Columbus

Expulsion of the Jews and Muslims

Later years

Influence

Isabella and contemporary politics and religion

Isabella in popular culture

Ancestors

Notes

References

See also

External links

Early years